Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur framställningen av femininitet och sexualitet hos unga tjejer porträtteras och hur denna porträttering kan kopplas till myter i samhället gällande femininitet och sexualitet. Detta med utgångspunkt i frågeställningarna: ”Vilka myter om unga tjejers femininitet och sexualitet framträder i filmen Snyggingar utifrån huvudkaraktären Amy?” och ”Hur iscensätts dessa myter i filmen och vilka betydelser får det för hur unga tjejers femininitet och sexualitet porträtteras?”. Studien kommer att använda sig av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens teoretiska ramverk består av begrepp inom den feministiska teorin vilka är objektifieringsteorin, Lolita, den manliga blicken och den kvinnliga blicken. Ramverket består dessutom av semiotiska analysverktyg som bland annat denotation, konnotation och myt. Den semiotiska och kvalitativa innehållsanalysen utfördes på totalt fyra scener från filmen Snyggingar från 2020.    Resultatet visade att filmens porträttering av karaktärerna, kameravinklarna, mise–en–scéne och hyperboler används som verktyg för att belysa problematiken kring objektifiering och sexualisering av unga tjejer. Filmen åskådliggör utifrån framställningen av karaktärerna även de krav och förväntningar som ställs på unga tjejer utifrån samhällets normer och värderingar. Amy porträtteras med en nästintill konstant strävan efter att nå den kvinnliga femininiteten och sexualiteten men hennes barnsliga beteende återspeglas även till viss del.

Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / This research focuses on the analysis of poems on the portrayal of women by the two Xitsonga poets: Magaisa, J.M., Mihloti and Xikolokolo Nguvu, ya Pitori and Marhanele, M.M. Vumunhu bya Phatiwa and Swifaniso swa Vutomi. The main focus will be on the influence of Xitsonga culture on their portrayal of women, basing the argument on what the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996 says. In Chapter 1, there is a problem statement, aims of the study, rationale for the study, the significance of the study, the methodology, referring to the collection of data, where there is a primary and secondary research methods, scope and delimitation of the study and the literature review. The focus on Chapter 2 is on the explanation of what culture is, that each culture has the good and the bad in it, no culture is static. Chapter 3 focuses on the techniques employed by the poets in their portrayal of women. The focus in Chapter 4 is on the functions of poetry, basing on different eras, that is, the apartheid and democratic South Africa. The analysis of the selected poems will be dealt with in Chapter 5, divided into the married and the unmarried women. Chapter 6 focuses on places where women are discriminated against. Chapter 7 is a conclusion of the dissertation, and also look at what can be done to alleviate this discrimination.

Crowdfunding allows entrepreneurs and start-ups to raise capital through the use of online platforms as an alternative from traditional funding. During the process of launching a campaign, entrepreneurs are faced with multiple decisions regarding the content to upload. Among these, founders must decide the message framing to use in the campaign’s video pitch, which may influence the backers’ decision to fund a project. Drawing on a dataset of 70 projects from the technology category on Kickstarter, this research offers insights into the effect that message framing has on a campaign's funding success. In particular, emotional versus rational language is explored, as well as the type of project portrayal through a prototype and venture legitimation by providing team information. The findings suggest that the use of dominantly rational language in the video pitch increases odds of funding success. However, the portrayal of the project and venture legitimation were not found to increase funding success likelihood. The results discussed in this research may benefit entrepreneurs by shedding light into the effects that different message framings have on the funding achieved and thus providing some guidance for the choices to be made regarding the video pitch in a campaign.

Stereotypes and threatening images are present in much of our modern entertainment media often going unnoticed for the effects they may have on society. One media which is relatively new and unexplored when it comes to these stereotypes and images of threat is the video game media. This thesis explores how stereotypes are created and maintained within video games and how securitization efforts affect entertainment media, in order to pursue these aims the game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2019) is analysed with a content analysis built on the theories of othering and securitization, in order to see how the Russians are portrayed within the game. The analysis shows that the image attached to Russians is overly negative compared to other people in the game, and the common threats which they pose is going to war with the West. Based on these findings, the thesis concludes that video games do reproduce securitization discourses and create stereotypes.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of accounting firms’ visual portrayal.  Theoretical perspectives: Institutional theory, stereotype theory, legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory, and framing theory have, together with earlier literature, been applied to the empirical findings to fulfill the purpose of this thesis.  Methodology: Images in the annual reports of the Big 4 accounting firms in Sweden have been analyzed over a ten-year period. In total, 654 images have been coded and analyzed based on seven concepts. The first three concepts, namely gender, ethnicity, and age, are based on a visual content analysis. For the remaining concepts: professionalism, environmental sustainability, technology, and well-being, inspiration has been drawn from a visual grading analysis. In addition, secondary data concerning various events on a firm, institutional, and macro level that are related to the concepts of this thesis have, in essence, been collected from online news articles and annual reports of the Big 4 accounting firms in Sweden.  Findings: The findings show that the portrayal of professionalism is rather high but that a downward trend can be observed for most accounting firms. Instead, more room is given to the portrayal of other aspects which mainly revolves around environmental sustainability and well-being. The portrayal of ethnicity and young people show an upward trend for most accounting firms whereas there is a rather high portrayal of women in most years. Furthermore, the portrayal in accounting firms’ annual reports seem to be somewhat related to internal as well as external events.

The LGBTI+ community in Turkey are regularly subjected to discrimination, threats andviolence. This study aims to analyze how two Turkish newspapers cover LGBTI+ in Turkey,with a time frame of the last ten years and a sub-focus on the ban of Istanbul pride in 2015. Ipresent a qualitative approach to the study based on framing analysis regarding mediacoverage. The analysis applies to articles and citations within these, using four different‘frames’ adapted from previous research; equality frame, victim frame, morality frame andpropaganda of homosexuality frame. The results show a decrease of LGBTI+ coveragewithin the examined time frame and a variation of frame usage. There are indications that thepride ban of 2015 may have been a shifting point for framing regarding both articles andcitations. The results also uncover a substantial decrease in the quantity of coverage on thetopic. The results of the two newspapers differ, indicating different media outlets portrayLGBTI+ people in diverse ways.

This study investigates how the medier portray male and female offenders who committed deadly violence. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the medier portray male and female violence offenders’ characteristics differently or not and to explain why these differences are in that case. Furthermore, if there are any differences in how medier portray the violence offenders’ motives. The method used to gather the data was a qualitative document study where different sound and picture mediers where used, and the medier´s used consists of Swedish documentaries and podcasts about different Swedish crimes. The theoretical framework that has been used as a help to analyze the empirical material consist of West and Zimmerman’s theory doing gender, Becker´s labeling theory and lastly Goffman’s theory about stigma. As a compliment to the theoretical framework several earlier studies about male and female offenders have been used to analyze the material as well. The result from the study shows that there is in fact a difference in how medier portray the genders and the motives, where the most frequent cause of the portrayal was due to gender norms. In summary, this study illustrates that Swedish medier are entertaining the gender norms formed by society.

Textbooks’ prominent role in education makes their content and how they present it interesting to investigate. The purpose of this essay is therefore to investigate how non-European cultures and countries are presented in four history textbooks that are currently used in the Swedish upper secondary school. This is investigated in order to discuss the books’ contribution to the students’ understanding of non-European cultures, with the help of Amartya Sen’s theory concerning identities and the steering documents for the Swedish upper secondary school. The investigation was carried out through both a quantitative content analysis and a qualitative content analysis of the four textbooks. The results of the investigation show that the textbooks contain relatively few non-European cultures and that they do not get enough space. The results also show that the non-European cultures often are presented in European contexts and in negative contexts and often with a European perspective on events. Additionally, the investigation shows that the non-European cultures are portrayed with only a few, recurrent qualities and occupations. With Sen’s theory and the steering documents in mind, the conclusion becomes that the four textbooks most often portrays and presents the non-European cultures in a unilateral and simplified way. Thereby, they do not contribute to the students’ understanding of the non-European cultures, to a great extent. Sometimes they even create a conception of “We-and-them”.

The Moors have been regarded by Graeco-Roman authors with a mixture of ambivalence and admiration. From the highly positive characterizations of Moorish giants like Masinissa (238-148 BCE) whose achievements the Romans lauded, to figures like Jugurtha (fl. 118-104 BCE) and Gildo (fl. 396-398 CE) whose hostilities with Rome earned them both scorn and ridicule, Moorish figures loom large in the pages of ancient historians from Herodotus to Procopius. This thesis examines the shifting portrayal of Moors from their earliest literary depictions in Greek literary sources to the late Roman literary portrayals of the sixth century CE. It argues that certain stereotypes regarding Moors, a problematic term that will be discussed in greater detail, continued relatively unchanged in Graeco-Roman authors, and that this was highly dependent on genre, political context, and intertextuality. It further argues that negative vs. positive portrayals of Moors can be understood better via an examination of the context of an author on an individual level, where political background was key to an historian’s evaluation of a certain Moorish figure or of Moors in general.

This study examines the portrayal of refugees in BBC News reports, focusing on postcolonial perspectives in two time periods: 2015 and 2022. The analysis involves language, images, and frameworks used in representing refugees. Findings reveal that in 2015, refugees were depicted as economic migrants, whereas in 2022, Ukrainian refugees were portrayed as genuine victims of war. Factors such as race, gender, religion, and politics influenced their portrayal. This research sheds light on how BBC News represents refugees, impacting public perception. It underscores the importance of critically examining media's portrayal of refugees, considering power relations, especially in major channels claiming neutrality. The study contributes to media studies, refugee studies, and postcolonial theory.