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21	A comparative study of poverty and the social cost of pollution in Leitrim and Rathanda with reference to different policies and technologies that may reduce pollution in a poor community / David Madibo Rampaku Rampaku, David Madibo January 2005 (has links) This dissertation studies the social cost of pollution in Leitrirn, which is a township in the Vaal Triangle area. Policies and technologies that may be implemented to reduce pollution inc poor communities are also discussed. The study focuses on three areas namely pollution unemployment and poverty. Leitrim experiences a high rate of both unemployment and poverty. Residents in this area also experience high levels of pollution. Compared to Rathanda township which is more rural. Leitrim is worse off in terms of unemployment poverty and pollution. Unemployment is a major determinant of povert in Leitrim. The main component of a policy aimed at alleviating poverty in Leitrim should therefore focus on employment creation. Unemployment and poverty are defined and measured in this dissertation and the poor in Leitrim are profiled in terms of their gender qualification employment, unemployment and their spending methods. For measuring poverty the Household Subsistence Level (HSL) is used as poverty line to determine the headcount index and the poverty gap. Pollution is identified as one the factors which affect the wellbeing of the poor negatively. Reducing the k\el pollution will therefore also reduce the depth of poverty in poor communities. This dissertation focuses on the following types of pollution: land-based pollution (littering), dust pollution, noise pollution and air (indoor smoke pollution & air pollution from coal fire) pollution. Alternative technologies such as BM implemented in full scale can reduce the level of air pollution by more that 50 percent. It will also reduce the monthly household expenditure of poor households on coal by at least J.5 percent. / Thesis (M.Com. (Economics))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2006. Poverty Unemployment Pollution Air pollution Littering Dust pollution Noise pollution Rathanda Leitrim Metsimaholo Lesedi Poverty alleviation Technologies Reduction in pollution Unemployed Poor Unemployment rate Headcount index Non-poor Average income Poverty line HSL
22	Conditional cash transfers as a means of addressing poverty in South Africa Govender, Megan 06 1900 (has links) In this thesis the feasibility of making social transfers conditional in South Africa is examined with specific focus on the Child Support Grant. Currently, there are more than 8.7 million children receiving Child Support Grants, which is impacting positively on poverty alleviation. Yet, social outcomes, especially in health and education are poor. The conditionality of transfers will compel the parents/guardians of these children to ensure that the children regularly attend school and also utilise the health services. Conditional cash transfers, by their nature, attempt to address the low demand for these services, which are available but are not being utilised. The National Income Dynamic Study (NIDS) is employed to test empirically whether it will be feasible to institute conditionality to the CSG. The methodology adopted is to determine if there is any statistically significant difference (education and health outcomes) between the recipients of the CSG with non-recipients of the CSG. Moreover, the population (as extrapolated from the sample) is separated into four groups, namely, children that qualify and receive the grant (QR), children that qualify and do not receive the grant (QNR), children that do not qualify and receive the grant (NQR) and children that do not qualify and do not receive the grant (NQNR). Subsequently, educational and health outcomes are compared between these groups to determine if there is any statistically significant difference between them. The results demonstrate that school attendance is high among children, and there is no significant difference in school attendance between the recipients and non-recipients of the CSG; as well as between the QR, QNR, NQR and NQNR. Moreover, there is no substantial difference in education outcomes (grade repetition) between the recipients and non-recipients of the CSG; as well as between the four groups. Similar results are found for health where there is no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding utilisation of health services as well as health outcomes. Therefore, conditionality of the CSG would not be feasible, as it does not address the causes of poor health and education outcomes, which are mainly due to supply-side deficiencies. Government should rather strengthen current poverty alleviation policies which seem to be impacting positively on poverty reduction. / Economics / D. Com (Economics) Conditional cash transfers Globalisation Poverty Poverty line Social assistance Social insurance Social security Unemployment 331.62417 Globalization -- Economic aspects Globalization -- Social aspects Social change
23	Systémový přístup k financování zdravotnictví / A Systems Approach to Health Care Financing Jankůj, Miroslav January 2010 (has links) This diploma thesis deals with the Czech healthcare system. Healthcare is generally reffered to as system but not always healthcare problems are solved systematically. Therefore systems theory, theory of complex adaptive systems and other notions, that are often used in healthcare, were described in this thesis. The objective of this thesis was analysis of impacts of patient's financial participation (20 %, 25 % and 30 %) on health care to their financial situation in the complex adaptive healthcare system. In this thesis four indicators were used -- poverty line, household subsistence spending, impoverished households, catastrophic health expenditure. The World Health Organization defined this indicators for World Health Survey in different countries. The indicators were applied to a sample of Czech households and some impacts of increased participation were calculated. It results from this calculation that the increased participation of households has virtually only small impacts to their financial situation. By the indicators of poverty just few households would be on the poverty line. Nevertheless, this results aren't generalized to the whole Czech population. With this indicators we should further work and develop them in order that they could serve as tool to evaluation of state's intervetion into healthcare system.
24	Příjmová chudoba v ČR a účinnost systému sociálních transferů v její eliminaci v letech 2005-2013 / Income poverty in the Czech Republic and social transfer system effectiveness in its elimination in years 2005-2013 Kubelková, Karina January 2015 (has links) The dissertation deals with the issue of poverty in the Czech Republic, especially with its economic, political and historical context of development, theory and practice of its measurement and possible international comparability, both in scale and in terms of the effectiveness of social transfers system. The effectiveness is understood as reducing the extent of poverty represented by the at-risk-of-poverty rate used e.g. in Europe 2020 Strategy. The aim of the dissertation is to analyze the problem of income poverty and its development in the Czech Republic with a special focus on the effectiveness of the social transfers system in relation to reducing the extent of income poverty. The effectiveness is analyzed separately in case of social transfers as a whole, and in case of social transfers excluding old-age and survivors' pensions. The emphasis has been placed on international comparisons and on the poorest layers of the population represented by the study of the lower poverty lines than the standard one. Based on empirical analysis of survey data from the EU-SILC, it was disproved that the effectiveness of the Czech social transfers system was above average compared to the countries of the same welfare state model, the CEE region and the EU during the years 2005-2013. The Czech pension system plays a crucial role in the level of effectiveness of the social transfers system. The good position of the Czech Republic among the all three studied groups of countries in terms of effectiveness is maintained mainly thanks to its pension system.The current low level of poverty rate was achieved mainly thanks to the pre-crisis measures, respectively due to the specific timing of these measures package. The contribution of this dissertation consists in complex and systematized view of the income poverty in the Czech Republic, accompanied by the analysis of the effectiveness of the social transfer system. This analysis, owing to the time series (2005-2013), applied methods (methods of the European Commission vs. IZA method) and scope of the international comparison (welfare state model, CEE region and EU), has no similarity in the Czech scientific literature so far.
25	Needs of poverty-stricken families : perspectives from adult members Manuel, Gratitude Bulelwa 06 1900 (has links) Many families have been deprived access to basic human needs like food, clothing, shelter, protection, education and health services because of poverty. In South Africa poverty remains a challenge, resulting from economic and social inequalities, where 40% of its population still live in poverty (Landman, Bhorat, Van der Berg & Van Aardt 2003). The study aimed at ascertaining and describing the needs identified by adult members living in poverty, in the Lukhanji Municipality. The researcher used a probability, systematic, random sampling method to obtain respondents for the study. A non-experimental, descriptive, quantitative research approach was adopted. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 respondents, after which a numerical data analysis was done with the assistance of a statistician. Unemployment could be ascribed to lack of education and skills, which exposed families to poor living conditions, ill-health, insecurity and other social ills. Recommendations were made to solve these problems. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies) Adult members Deprivation Family Health problems Municipality Needs Poverty Poverty line Socio-economic inequality Unemployment 362.530968755 Deprivation (Psychology)
26	Needs of poverty-stricken families : perspectives from adult members Manuel, Gratitude Bulelwa 06 1900 (has links) Many families have been deprived access to basic human needs like food, clothing, shelter, protection, education and health services because of poverty. In South Africa poverty remains a challenge, resulting from economic and social inequalities, where 40% of its population still live in poverty (Landman, Bhorat, Van der Berg & Van Aardt 2003). The study aimed at ascertaining and describing the needs identified by adult members living in poverty, in the Lukhanji Municipality. The researcher used a probability, systematic, random sampling method to obtain respondents for the study. A non-experimental, descriptive, quantitative research approach was adopted. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 respondents, after which a numerical data analysis was done with the assistance of a statistician. Unemployment could be ascribed to lack of education and skills, which exposed families to poor living conditions, ill-health, insecurity and other social ills. Recommendations were made to solve these problems. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies) Adult members Deprivation Family Health problems Municipality Needs Poverty Poverty line Socio-economic inequality Unemployment 362.530968755 Deprivation (Psychology)
27	Die systematische Unterschreitung des Existenzminimums bei Studierenden in Deutschland – Nachweis und volkswirtschaftliche Auswirkungen Rückert, André 17 January 2018 (has links) (PDF) Eine der großen Errungenschaften der Bundesrepublik Deutschland besteht darin, dass nach dem Grundgesetz jedem ein menschenwürdiges Existenzminimum garantiert wird. Im Widerspruch dazu wird im vorliegenden Beitrag nachgewiesen, dass gegenwärtig hilfsbedürftige Studenten existieren, die keine staatliche Förderung erhalten. Auf Basis einer umfangreichen Auswertung wird deutlich, dass der Staat auch den durch ihn unterstützten Studierenden noch nicht einmal ausreichend finanzielle Mittel zur Verfügung stellt, um die anfallenden Kosten in der günstigsten Wohnform zu decken. Diese finanziellen Unsicherheiten tragen dazu bei, dass es zu einer Vergrößerung der sozialen Selektion bei der Studienaufnahme kommt. Daraus ergeben sich sowohl für den Einzelnen als auch die deutsche Volkswirtschaft negative Folgen. Die unzureichende Zurverfügungstellung existenzsichernder Leistungen führt dazu, dass ein erheblicher Anteil der Studenten zur Ausübung einer Nebenbeschäftigung gezwungen ist und dieses Arbeitsvolumen anderen Personen (bspw. Arbeitssuchenden) nicht zur Verfügung steht. Existenzminimum Studenten Studierende Unterschreitung des Existenzminimums existenzsichernde Leistungen Regelbedarf Sozialstaat Sozialstaatsprinzip Grundgesetzverstoss Studienfinanzierung BAföG Wohnpauschale KfW-Studienkredit soziale Selektion poverty line Germany students subsistence level poverty level bredline ddc:361 ddc:378 ddc:379 Existenzminimum Studienfinanzierung Studienförderung Regelbedarf Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz Sozialstaat Wohlfahrtsstaat Sozialpolitik
28	Die systematische Unterschreitung des Existenzminimums bei Studierenden in Deutschland – Nachweis und volkswirtschaftliche Auswirkungen: Die systematische Unterschreitung des Existenzminimumsbei Studierenden in Deutschland – Nachweis undvolkswirtschaftliche Auswirkungen Rückert, André 09 June 2017 (has links) Eine der großen Errungenschaften der Bundesrepublik Deutschland besteht darin, dass nach dem Grundgesetz jedem ein menschenwürdiges Existenzminimum garantiert wird. Im Widerspruch dazu wird im vorliegenden Beitrag nachgewiesen, dass gegenwärtig hilfsbedürftige Studenten existieren, die keine staatliche Förderung erhalten. Auf Basis einer umfangreichen Auswertung wird deutlich, dass der Staat auch den durch ihn unterstützten Studierenden noch nicht einmal ausreichend finanzielle Mittel zur Verfügung stellt, um die anfallenden Kosten in der günstigsten Wohnform zu decken. Diese finanziellen Unsicherheiten tragen dazu bei, dass es zu einer Vergrößerung der sozialen Selektion bei der Studienaufnahme kommt. Daraus ergeben sich sowohl für den Einzelnen als auch die deutsche Volkswirtschaft negative Folgen. Die unzureichende Zurverfügungstellung existenzsichernder Leistungen führt dazu, dass ein erheblicher Anteil der Studenten zur Ausübung einer Nebenbeschäftigung gezwungen ist und dieses Arbeitsvolumen anderen Personen (bspw. Arbeitssuchenden) nicht zur Verfügung steht.:1 Einleitung 2 Wichtige staatliche Förderungsmöglichkeiten im Überblick 3 Gegenüberstellung finanzieller Grundbedürfnisse und gegenwärtiger Förderhöhen der vorgestellten Förderungsmöglichkeiten 4 Volkswirtschaftliche Auswirkungen der gegenwärtigen Förderungsmöglichkeiten 5 Notwendige Veränderungen, Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 6 Anhang info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/361 ddc:361 info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/378 ddc:378 info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/379 ddc:379
29	Relationship Between Formal Institutions and the Informal Economy in Colombia: An Application to the Food Sector Sánchez, Daniella M. 03 May 2023 (has links) No description available. Economics Economic Theory Urban Planning Statistics Social Structure Public Policy Political Science Demography Cultural Anthropology Behavioral Sciences Formal institutions bank loans government informal economy street food vending access to financial capital education level tenure disposition toward the formal sector formalization incomes public policy orange economy relocation Barranquilla Bogotá Medellin culture economy survey retirement system poverty line DANE World Bank
30	Shelter to Hope Thompson, Margaret Anne 15 May 2012 (has links) No description available. Communication Families and Family Life Film Studies Finance Individual and Family Studies Journalism Mass Communications Mass Media Motion Pictures Multimedia Communications Public Policy Religion Social Psychology Social Work Spirituality Web Studies abused women kent state university poverty line nonprofit Anonymous Relief Mission

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