Bakgrund: Dagens forskning visar på att det finns en oengihet om orsaken bakom fibromyalgi. Ålder, etnicitet eller social status spelar ingen roll, alla kan drabbas, dock finns det forskning som visar att kvinnor drabbas oftare än män.. De mest framträdanden symtomen är värk, stelhet och trötthet. Den behandling som erbjuds denna patientgrupp är oftas symtomlindrande behandling. Syfte: Att beskriva upplevelsen av mötet med vården för patienter med fibromyalgi. Metod: Författarna har valt att göra en litteraturöversikt av åtta vetenskapliga artiklar som har fokus på patienters upplevelse av att leva med fibromyalgi och mötet med vården. Författarna valde Joyce Travelbees omvårdnadsteori med fokus på kommunikation och mellanmänskliga relationer. Resultat: Resultatet visar att patienter med fibromyalgi upplever att sjukvårdspersonal ifrågasätter deras trovärdighet och inte tar deras problem på allvar. Vidare visar resultatet att sjukvårdspersonalen kategoriserar dessa patienter efter stereotypa rolluppfattningar och möter dem utifrån deras förförståelse om vad fibromyalgi är eller inte är. Diskussion: Denna studie visar att sjukvårdspersonal utgår från sin egen eller andras objektiva bedömning av patientens situation istället för patientens unika upplevelse i mötet med dessa. Författarna gör då tolkningen utifrån resultatet och utifrån Joyce Travelbees omvårdnadsteori att sjukvården brister i deras förmåga att lära känna och kartlägga patientens behov. / Background: The cause for fibromyalgia is not known. Age, ethnicity and social status doesn´t matter. The most prominent symptoms are pain, stiffness and fatigue. The treatment for fibromyalgia is limited, it is often a combination of pain relief, physical activity and lifestyle changes. Nurses working with fibromyalgia patients have an important role in education and informing patients about their disease. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe patient with fibromyalgia and their experience of the encounter with the health care. Method: A literature review of eight scientific articles, with the focus on patients’ experience of living with fibromyalgia and the encounter with the health care. The authors chose Joyce Travelbees theoretical framework for their literature review. Result: The result shows that patient with fibromyalgia experience that health care professionals question their credibility and that they don’t take their problems seriously. Furthermore the result showed that health care professionals categorized these patients by stereotypical role perceptions, and encounters these patients by their pre-understanding about what fibromyalgia is or is no. Discussion: This study shows that health care professionals meets these patients, based of their own and others objective assessment of the situation, instead of being based on the patient´s unique perception of their situation. The authors make the interpretation based on the result and Travelbees nursing theory that health care professionals lack in their ability to know and to identify the patient´s needs.

Fragmented and adversarial are words used routinely to describe firstly the structure of the construction industry, and secondly the inherent culture that continues to exist within it. Both are characteristics that ultimately serve to not only routinely constrain the efficiency, performance and resultant productivity of the New Zealand building sector, but moreover they persist to play a part in increasing related costs whilst diminishing the quality of the built environment surrounding us. The ubiquity of the outsource model goes some way towards mitigating much of the risk and financial encumbrances that large construction companies have historically faced. But consequentially it is directly responsible for an industry now propagated mostly by small, specialist trade subcontracting organisations that for the most part are reliant upon securing work through construction companies. Contiguous to a degree is the propensity of an industry focussed upon procuring construction by means of competitive tendering, an approach whereby successful bids are traditionally weighted towards those incorporating the lowest initial cost. To garner an understanding of the role that contextual significance plays in construction procurement this study was facilitated by utilising a constructivist grounded theoretical approach. Data was generated by the way of fifty interviews with construction industry stakeholders, inclusive of Sub-Contractors, Main Contractors, Consultants, Architects and Clients. Subsequent analysis reveals that in response to power asymmetry and other environmental conditions, organisations have developed numerous proactive, reactive and opportunistic strategies and behaviours that become evident as the procurement process progresses. This study highlights and explains the relationships and factors from which an industry actor’s rationale is drawn. Furthermore, however, it argues that the proponents of construction industry procurement will when necessary, relax their ordinarily pre-conditioned moral constraints and consciously venture into business practices considered by their peers to be somewhat immoral.

<p>Bakgrund: För att sjuksköterskan ska kunna ge en god vård krävs det en god kommunikation mellan sjuksköterska och patient. När sjuksköterskan vårdar patienter som är immigranter med annat modersmål räcker inte språkkunskaperna alltid till för att förstå och bli förstådd, vilket kan leda till missförstånd. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie genomfördes som baserades på 14 vetenskapliga artklar. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och Elin@Blekinge. Artiklar mellan 2000-2010 inkluderades. Artiklarna granskades efter Forsberg & Wengströms granskningsmall. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskans kommunikationssvårigheter och dess följder i mötet med patienter som är immigranter med annat modersmål. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i fyra huvudkategorier; användning av tolk, otillräcklig språkkunskap, frustration och förförståelse. Sjuksköterskan upplevde otillräckliga språkkunskaper hos patienter, vilket ledde till begränsad omvårdnad och felbedömningar. Sjuksköterskan uttryckte även sitt missnöje över bristen på omvårdnaden som gavs till patienter med annat modersmål och var oroliga för vårdkvalitén som gavs. Sjuksköterskan ansåg att patienter med språksvårigheter krävde mer tid än patienter utan språksvårigheter och därmed var en belastning för vården. Diskussion: För att underlätta kommunikation med patient som är immigrant med annat modersmål bör en professionell tolk anlitas. Flerspråkiga sjuksköterskor kan vara till hjälp som tolk.</p> / <p>Background: To provide good health care requires good communication between nurse and patient. When the nurse caring for patient whom are immigrant with a different native language, the nurse’s language skills are sometimes insufficient and they are in able to understand and to be understood, which can lead to misunderstandings. Method: The literature review was based on 14 articles. Researches were made in the databases; Cinahl, PubMed, and Elin@Blekinge. Articles from 2000-2010 were included. Articles were reviewed by Forsberg & Wengström template. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' communication problems and the implications of meeting patients who are immigrants with a native language. Results: The results are presented in four categories: use of interpreter, inadequate language skills, frustration and pre-understanding. The nurse experienced that nursing a patient with inadequate language skills led to limited nursing and miscalculations. The nurse also expressed the dissatisfaction at the lack of care given to non-native speaking patient and was worried about the quality of care provided. The nurse believed that patients with language difficulties required more time and was more of a burden on health care than patients without language barriers. Discussion: To facilitate communication with patients who are immigrants with a native language, a professional interpreter should be hired. Multilingual nurses can also be helpful as interpreters.</p>

Bakgrund: För att sjuksköterskan ska kunna ge en god vård krävs det en god kommunikation mellan sjuksköterska och patient. När sjuksköterskan vårdar patienter som är immigranter med annat modersmål räcker inte språkkunskaperna alltid till för att förstå och bli förstådd, vilket kan leda till missförstånd. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie genomfördes som baserades på 14 vetenskapliga artklar. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och Elin@Blekinge. Artiklar mellan 2000-2010 inkluderades. Artiklarna granskades efter Forsberg &amp; Wengströms granskningsmall. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskans kommunikationssvårigheter och dess följder i mötet med patienter som är immigranter med annat modersmål. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i fyra huvudkategorier; användning av tolk, otillräcklig språkkunskap, frustration och förförståelse. Sjuksköterskan upplevde otillräckliga språkkunskaper hos patienter, vilket ledde till begränsad omvårdnad och felbedömningar. Sjuksköterskan uttryckte även sitt missnöje över bristen på omvårdnaden som gavs till patienter med annat modersmål och var oroliga för vårdkvalitén som gavs. Sjuksköterskan ansåg att patienter med språksvårigheter krävde mer tid än patienter utan språksvårigheter och därmed var en belastning för vården. Diskussion: För att underlätta kommunikation med patient som är immigrant med annat modersmål bör en professionell tolk anlitas. Flerspråkiga sjuksköterskor kan vara till hjälp som tolk. / Background: To provide good health care requires good communication between nurse and patient. When the nurse caring for patient whom are immigrant with a different native language, the nurse’s language skills are sometimes insufficient and they are in able to understand and to be understood, which can lead to misunderstandings. Method: The literature review was based on 14 articles. Researches were made in the databases; Cinahl, PubMed, and Elin@Blekinge. Articles from 2000-2010 were included. Articles were reviewed by Forsberg &amp; Wengström template. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' communication problems and the implications of meeting patients who are immigrants with a native language. Results: The results are presented in four categories: use of interpreter, inadequate language skills, frustration and pre-understanding. The nurse experienced that nursing a patient with inadequate language skills led to limited nursing and miscalculations. The nurse also expressed the dissatisfaction at the lack of care given to non-native speaking patient and was worried about the quality of care provided. The nurse believed that patients with language difficulties required more time and was more of a burden on health care than patients without language barriers. Discussion: To facilitate communication with patients who are immigrants with a native language, a professional interpreter should be hired. Multilingual nurses can also be helpful as interpreters.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-02-09T11:23:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Júlio César Maggio Stürmer_.pdf: 2323770 bytes, checksum: fdfa09d6e4ea4c23c8913aba6208b4bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-09T11:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Júlio César Maggio Stürmer_.pdf: 2323770 bytes, checksum: fdfa09d6e4ea4c23c8913aba6208b4bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-12 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho pretende, a partir da Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito de Lenio Streck, que tem por base uma visão hermenêutico-filosófica do Direito, estudar o processo, estabelecendo uma nova concepção teórica e prática. Para tanto, foi investigado como o processo é compreendido e manejado no Direito brasileiro, em especial no tocante às suas eventuais amarras ao direito privado (instrumento) e ao trato regionalizado (divisão por ramos), confrontando esses elementos com a ideia de unidade ou núcleo fundamental existente no processo. Essa unidade fundamental, cujo conteúdo é atravessado por elementos paradigmáticos, é apresentada como o ponto a partir do qual se deve pensar o processo. Assim, sob aportes filosóficos de Heidegger e Gadamer, procura-se demonstrar que a compreensão é um fenômeno que ocorre de forma única, partindo da pré-compreensão do intérprete, que é povoada por pré-conceitos, alguns legítimos (devem ser considerados), outros não. Fazendo a conexão entre Filosofia e Direito, sustenta-se que é preciso atribuir um sentido adequado ao processo, como processo democrático. Trata-se de uma concepção de processo que respeita os paradigmas entregues pela tradição (jurídica e filosófica). São eles que darão o mundo inserido no qual o intérprete deve compreender adequadamente o processo (direitos, garantias etc.) para a obtenção de repostas (decisões/interpretações) adequadas, na linha defendida por Lenio Streck. Aliado a essa nova visão teórica, tem-se o aspecto prático daí decorrente, em relação ao qual se entende que é necessária a existência de critérios ou de filtros que orientem o intérprete em sua atividade, permitindo que, em sua reflexão, ao “se dar conta de seus pré-juízos”, possa avaliá-los como legítimos ou ilegítimos. Da mesma forma, tais critérios/filtros irão permitir que, além do decisor, os demais membros da comunidade jurídica – partes e doutrina, por exemplo – possam avaliar a adequação da decisão, viabilizando o “constrangimento” (Streck) em busca da resposta adequada. Defende-se, assim, que: a) o processo democrático deve ser considerado como elemento da pré-compreensão e, portanto, condição de possibilidade de toda e qualquer compreensão; b) o processo jurisdicional (seja civil, penal, trabalhista etc.) possui uma unidade – ou núcleo fundamental –, pensada a partir dos paradigmas entregues pela tradição e que dão sentido ao que se nomina de processo democrático. Portanto, considerando o lugar de fala desta tese (paradigmático, como já exposto), a ideia de processo democrático deve atravessar, com todo seu conteúdo, qualquer perspectiva disciplinar de processo, informando, também, o intérprete/aplicador do direito; c) O processo democrático, cujo conteúdo paradigmático é uniforme em todas as áreas do Direito, é um pré-conceito legítimo que deve ser considerado pelo intérprete para que se obtenha uma resposta constitucionalmente adequada. Caso o intérprete não se dê conta desse pré-conceito, ou não o aceite, decidindo sem considerá-lo, a resposta judicial será marcada pela arbitrariedade; d) É necessária a existência de critérios ou de filtros que orientem o intérprete em sua atividade, permitindo que, em sua reflexão, ao “se dar conta de seus pré-juízos”, possa avaliá-los como legítimos ou ilegítimos, contribuindo para a interpretação/resposta adequada. / From Lenio Streck’s Hermeneutical Critique of Law and its hermeneutical-philosophical reading of Law, the present study seeks to study the legal process, establishing new theoretical and practical conceptions. In order to do that, this work investigates how the legal process actually works in the Brazilian legal system, especially regarding its possible bindings to private law (instrumental) and its separation into branches, confronting these elements to an idea of unity and fundamental core to legal procedures. This fundamental unity and its content crossed by paradigmatic elements is presented as the starting point from which the legal process must be thought. This way, under philosophical insights from Heidegger and Gadamer, this study aims to show that the process of understanding is a phenomenon that happens in a unique way, starting from the interpreter’s pre-understanding and its pre-judgments (some of them are legitimate and should be considered, while others should not. Connecting Philosophy and Law, this work seeks to establish an adequate conception of legal process as a democratic process, a conception that respects the paradigms that come from the legal and philosophical tradition. These are the paradigms that will support the world in which the interpreter shall adequately understand the process (its rights, guarantees, etc.) in order to reach adequate interpretations and decisions. From this new theoretical conception, the consequent practical aspect is the need for criteria and filters that guide the interpreters and their activity, allowing them to understand their own pre-conceptions and therefore evaluate them as legitimate or illegitimate. In the same way, such criteria/filters allow not only the judge, but all the legal community – the parties and legal scholars, for instance – to evaluate if a sentence is adequate, making it possible for a public “constraint” (Streck) in search of an adequate decision. This study defends that: a) the democratic process should be considered an element of the pre-understanding step, and therefore condition of possibility of every understanding; b) the legal process has a unity – or fundamental core – established by the paradigms of tradition that give significance to the conception of a democratic process. Therefore, considering the paradigmatic role of this thesis, the idea of a democratic process shall be present with all of its content in any legal process approach by the Law interpreter. c) The democratic process, and its paradigmatic content that is uniform to all legal areas, is a legitimate pre-conception and must be considered by the interpreter in order to obtain a decision according to the Constitution. If the judge/interpreter does not consider such pre-conception, or does not accept it, deciding a case without considering it, arbitrariness will taint the legal decision. d) It is necessary to establish criteria and filters that guide the legal interpreters in their activity, allowing them to understand their own pre-conceptions and therefore evaluate them as legitimate or illegitimate, contributing to an adequate interpretation and one right answer in the legal decision.

This thesis categorises some characteristic features in the 20th century Lutheran theology, in order to create a picture of the Lutheran theology and Lutheran pre-understanding of life which leave its marks on Selma Lagerlöf as well as on other contemporary expressions of faith and worldviews. Four Lutheran figures of thought are examined as undercurrents in the discourse of the writings of Selma Lagerlöf. They are a) The understanding of Word and Faith, which includes the understanding of justification by faith. b) Faith in God as Creator and in his providence. c) The doctrine of vocatio and God's two regiments. d) The theology of the Cross that emphasises the descent of God and God's taking part in the human life. This investigation has shown that the epic of Lagerlöf can be read in terms of Lutheran theology. The religious roots of Selma Lagerlöf are often described as ”a nothing” - a traditional background, a friendly non-doctrinal piety, and so forth. But this inconspicuous and unconscious religious background has a content, namely the Lutheran faith in the culture and society in which she grew up. Some of the great novels such as The story of Gösta Berlings saga, Jerusalem and The wonderful adventures of Nils and some stories, sagas and legends are investigated. The study shows how the Lutheran understanding of life is expressed in these texts and their interpretation of the reality.

This master thesis aims to investigate participatory art with focus on socially engaged art. The study is based on  Hannah Arendt’s theories of plurality, the public space and the work of art as a ”thought-thing” where the sensory experiences are central. The human’s social life is based on appearances, and individuals appear in front of each other. These appearances are based on a variety of perspectives. The purpose of the essay is to understand what vulnerability means for the art form, and how we as viewers can approach the artwork. By taking a theoretical point of view, the process draws support from Arendt's claim about the work of art as a ”thought-thing”. This is also the method for the thesis where the thought and it’s exploration have a central place and contribute to an organic process. This process follows the events that occur in the outside world like a ”train of thoughts” that connects and develops as a chain.          During this process there have been two great world events that have affected peoples freedom and ability to meet: the pandemic and the war between Russia and Ukraine. This led to the study being influenced by art initiatives linked to Ukraine.           The study begins with identifying the roles and perspectives in the artwork and then continues to discuss how to approach the analysis. This led to see the artwork as several parts that form a whole with the conclusion that the hermeneutic circle would form an appropriate method. The spectator’s pre-understanding is the starting point of the interpretation and helps to reach a deeper understanding of the subject. Finally the analysis results in an interpretation of the French artist JR’s work The Resilience of Ukraine that takes place in Liviv in March 2022. This participatory artwork illustrates the Ukrainian people’s situation in the war between Russia and their country.           The conclusion of the study is that it is important to see whose vulnerability it is that shapes the artwork and that vulnerability is an aesthetic perspective that enables a deeper understanding of the world. The spectator is an active agent that takes part in the appearances even when not formally invited to join the event. With it’s pre-understanding and ability to interpret, the role activates and the spectator gains a deeper understanding of the situation or the artwork. It is the ability to gain deeper understanding that is central for the spectator.

The subject of the thesis "Aspects of corporate culture from the viewpoint of Christian ethics" is to analyze the phenomenon of corporate culture in the perspective of Christian ethics and the requirements of sustainable development as the basic prerequisite for sustainable development of life on Earth. An integral part of the research is to explore the terms under which employees are willing not only to meet the tasks set by their employers, but also provide their best abilities and skills for the good of their enterprise. "Learning organization", Christian ethics in the organization and the principles of sustainability are the three discourses which are involved. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the theoretical knowledge about corporate culture and its meaning, its specific type of "learning organization", Christian ethics and especially the Catholic morality applied in terms of business administration while respecting sustainability for quality of life and the environment. Comprehensive evaluation of whether and to what extent the ideal corporate culture of "learning organization" meets the Christian ethics requirements are stated in the conclusion of the thesis, where are also summarized suggestions and recommendations to eliminate some of the shortcomings of this type of corporate...