Para identificarmos a forma pela qual professores de Ensino Fundamental compreendem a sexualidade/ sexo na escola, procuramos levantar dados relativos a estas questões no cotidiano escolar verificando a posição da escola frente a essa temática e como lidam com isto no contexto escolar. Posteriormente, procuramos desenvolver um programa educativo com eles, visando prepará-las para lidar com o assunto, em foco. Esta investigação trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, humanista, por meio de pesquisa-ação constando de um tratamento estatístico complementar para análise dos dados sócio-demográficos. A amostra foi constituída de 13 professores de ensino fundamental de ambos os sexos, de uma Escola Estadual, localizada numa cidade do interior de São Paulo, que aceitaram participar desta investigação, após assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, aprovado no CEP da EERP-USP. Foi adotado como critério de inclusão, ser professor do local, no nível de ensino (fundamental) e participar voluntariamente, da pesquisa. A coleta dos dados foi realizada de forma qualitativa, por meio da observação participante para melhor conhecer a realidade em estudo e da entrevista individual, usando um questionário com questões norteadoras. Os dados levantados foram construídos através de quadros e para análise, classificamos os achados em categorização. Verificamos que os professores pesquisados, se caracterizam em sua grande maioria do sexo feminino, acima de 40 anos. No que se refere à vida pessoal, poucos falaram desses dados. No que se refere ao profissional e do sentido de ser professor, todos destacaram de maneira significativa, a importância que dão à sua profissão revelando, a sua forma vocacional como educador, ao lidar com a educação e com o educando. O Significado que deram à Sexualidade é o ligado à descobertas, desejo, auto- conhecimento, naturalidade e atração. O significado que dão ao Sexo é a prática do ato em si, o interesse pelo sexo oposto, fisiologia, mudança de interesses com a idade, realização, amor e companheirismo. Citam a sexualidade como algo natural e mostram importância em tratar adequadamente do assunto na educação sexual. Quando os professores são questionados pelos alunos sobre temas gerais relacionados à Sexualidade e Sexo, referiram que costumam, em sua maioria, orientá-los, tratando o assunto com naturalidade, usando alguns materiais como elementos didáticos facilitadores. A maioria dos professores dá grande relevância ao diálogo aberto com os alunos, para envolvê-los à orientação, à informação, à prevenção, destacando haver necessidades de contar com o apoio de profissionais qualificados nesta área, bem como integrar o familiar nesse processo. Finalmente desenvolvemos ações/intervenções educativas conjuntamente com os professores, visando prepará-los para atuarem no cotidiano escolar, bem como prepará-los como agentes multiplicadores. A grande maioria dos professores já deu aula para alunas grávidas na escola e reforça que a causa da gravidez precoce é ligada à falta de orientação, tentando tratar o assunto, mostrando deveres e responsabilidades diante desta questão. Os professores sugerem buscar parcerias e formas de trabalhar a prevenção, através de palestras, oficinas e o cuidado, entre outros. / For we identify the form of the which the teachers of the Fundamental Teaching understand the sexuality /sex in the school, we tried to lift relative data to these subjects in the daily scholar verifying the position of the school front to that thematic one and as they work with this in the school context. Later on, we tried to develop an educational program with them, seeking to prepare them to work with the subject, in focus. This investigation is a qualitative research, humanist, by means of research-action consisting of a complementary statistical treatment for analysis of the partner-demographic data. The sample was constituted of 13 teachers of fundamental teaching of both sexes, of a State School, located in a city of the State of São Paulo, in which they accepted to participate in this investigation, after signature of the term of free and illustrious consent, approved in CEP of EERP-USP. It was adopted as inclusion approach, to be teacher of the place, in the teaching level (fundamental) and to participate voluntarily, of the research. The collection of data was accomplished in qualitative way, by means of the participant observation for best to know the reality in study and of individual interview, using questionnaire with intriguing questions. The lifted up data were built through pictures and for analysis, we classified the discoveries in categorizations. We verified that researched teachers are characterized in its great majority of the feminine sex, above 40 years. In which refers to personal, few life they spoke about those data. In which refers to professional and of the sense of being a teacher, everybody highlighted in significant way, the importance that they give to profession revealing, its form vocational as educator, when working with education and with students. The Meaning that they gave to Sexuality is tied up to discovery, knowledge, naturalness and attraction. The meaning that they give to Sex is practice of the act in itself, interest for opposite sex, physiology, change of interests with the age, accomplishment and love. They mention the sexuality as something natural and show importance in negotiating appropriately of subject in sexual education. When the teachers plows questioned on general themes related to Sexuality and Sex, they referred in majority, treating the subject naturally, using adds materials facilitative didactic elements. Most of the teachers gives relevance to dialogue open with the students, to involve them to orientation, information, prevention, there needs to count with professionals support qualified in this area, as well to integrate the relative in that process. Finally we developed educational actions/interventions jointly with teachers, seeking to prepares them to act in the daily school, as well as to prepares them as multipliers agents. The majority of teachers already gave class for pregnant students in the school and they reinforce that cause of precocious pregnancy is linked to orientation lack, trying to treat the subject, showing duties and responsibilities. The teachers suggest to look for partnerships, forms of working prevention, lectures, shops and care, among others.

Para identificarmos a forma pela qual professores de Ensino Fundamental compreendem a sexualidade/ sexo na escola, procuramos levantar dados relativos a estas questões no cotidiano escolar verificando a posição da escola frente a essa temática e como lidam com isto no contexto escolar. Posteriormente, procuramos desenvolver um programa educativo com eles, visando prepará-las para lidar com o assunto, em foco. Esta investigação trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, humanista, por meio de pesquisa-ação constando de um tratamento estatístico complementar para análise dos dados sócio-demográficos. A amostra foi constituída de 13 professores de ensino fundamental de ambos os sexos, de uma Escola Estadual, localizada numa cidade do interior de São Paulo, que aceitaram participar desta investigação, após assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, aprovado no CEP da EERP-USP. Foi adotado como critério de inclusão, ser professor do local, no nível de ensino (fundamental) e participar voluntariamente, da pesquisa. A coleta dos dados foi realizada de forma qualitativa, por meio da observação participante para melhor conhecer a realidade em estudo e da entrevista individual, usando um questionário com questões norteadoras. Os dados levantados foram construídos através de quadros e para análise, classificamos os achados em categorização. Verificamos que os professores pesquisados, se caracterizam em sua grande maioria do sexo feminino, acima de 40 anos. No que se refere à vida pessoal, poucos falaram desses dados. No que se refere ao profissional e do sentido de ser professor, todos destacaram de maneira significativa, a importância que dão à sua profissão revelando, a sua forma vocacional como educador, ao lidar com a educação e com o educando. O Significado que deram à Sexualidade é o ligado à descobertas, desejo, auto- conhecimento, naturalidade e atração. O significado que dão ao Sexo é a prática do ato em si, o interesse pelo sexo oposto, fisiologia, mudança de interesses com a idade, realização, amor e companheirismo. Citam a sexualidade como algo natural e mostram importância em tratar adequadamente do assunto na educação sexual. Quando os professores são questionados pelos alunos sobre temas gerais relacionados à Sexualidade e Sexo, referiram que costumam, em sua maioria, orientá-los, tratando o assunto com naturalidade, usando alguns materiais como elementos didáticos facilitadores. A maioria dos professores dá grande relevância ao diálogo aberto com os alunos, para envolvê-los à orientação, à informação, à prevenção, destacando haver necessidades de contar com o apoio de profissionais qualificados nesta área, bem como integrar o familiar nesse processo. Finalmente desenvolvemos ações/intervenções educativas conjuntamente com os professores, visando prepará-los para atuarem no cotidiano escolar, bem como prepará-los como agentes multiplicadores. A grande maioria dos professores já deu aula para alunas grávidas na escola e reforça que a causa da gravidez precoce é ligada à falta de orientação, tentando tratar o assunto, mostrando deveres e responsabilidades diante desta questão. Os professores sugerem buscar parcerias e formas de trabalhar a prevenção, através de palestras, oficinas e o cuidado, entre outros. / For we identify the form of the which the teachers of the Fundamental Teaching understand the sexuality /sex in the school, we tried to lift relative data to these subjects in the daily scholar verifying the position of the school front to that thematic one and as they work with this in the school context. Later on, we tried to develop an educational program with them, seeking to prepare them to work with the subject, in focus. This investigation is a qualitative research, humanist, by means of research-action consisting of a complementary statistical treatment for analysis of the partner-demographic data. The sample was constituted of 13 teachers of fundamental teaching of both sexes, of a State School, located in a city of the State of São Paulo, in which they accepted to participate in this investigation, after signature of the term of free and illustrious consent, approved in CEP of EERP-USP. It was adopted as inclusion approach, to be teacher of the place, in the teaching level (fundamental) and to participate voluntarily, of the research. The collection of data was accomplished in qualitative way, by means of the participant observation for best to know the reality in study and of individual interview, using questionnaire with intriguing questions. The lifted up data were built through pictures and for analysis, we classified the discoveries in categorizations. We verified that researched teachers are characterized in its great majority of the feminine sex, above 40 years. In which refers to personal, few life they spoke about those data. In which refers to professional and of the sense of being a teacher, everybody highlighted in significant way, the importance that they give to profession revealing, its form vocational as educator, when working with education and with students. The Meaning that they gave to Sexuality is tied up to discovery, knowledge, naturalness and attraction. The meaning that they give to Sex is practice of the act in itself, interest for opposite sex, physiology, change of interests with the age, accomplishment and love. They mention the sexuality as something natural and show importance in negotiating appropriately of subject in sexual education. When the teachers plows questioned on general themes related to Sexuality and Sex, they referred in majority, treating the subject naturally, using adds materials facilitative didactic elements. Most of the teachers gives relevance to dialogue open with the students, to involve them to orientation, information, prevention, there needs to count with professionals support qualified in this area, as well to integrate the relative in that process. Finally we developed educational actions/interventions jointly with teachers, seeking to prepares them to act in the daily school, as well as to prepares them as multipliers agents. The majority of teachers already gave class for pregnant students in the school and they reinforce that cause of precocious pregnancy is linked to orientation lack, trying to treat the subject, showing duties and responsibilities. The teachers suggest to look for partnerships, forms of working prevention, lectures, shops and care, among others.

Este estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, mediada pela metodologia da pesquisa-ação, fundamentada em referencial teórico-metodológico de Paulo Freire. Esse visa a levantar problemas vivenciados por uma população específica de nove surdos, adultos jovens, alunos de uma Classe de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) frente à sexualidade e as IST/aids, através da comunicação pela Língua de Sinais Brasileira (LIBRAS); criar junto deles possibilidades de construção, implementação e avaliação de ações educativas, frente a situações problematizadas, criando subsídios à reflexão para uma mudança de atitude frente às dificuldades identificadas, com vistas ao desenvolvimento da autonomia, da escolha responsável e cidadã relativa à vida sexual, à negociação do sexo seguro e à prevenção das IST/aids. Discute-se a necessidade de um trabalho voltado especificamente a esta população que é peculiar, dada a exclusão existente e pela própria dificuldade da comunicação. Analisa-se a construção de um referencial que possa dar conta da implementação de um processo educativo, ao mesmo tempo dando respaldo para a abordagem crítica e científica do mesmo. Isto suscitou instrumentalização para lidar com esta questão exigindo da pesquisadora freqüentar e concluir curso de LIBRAS para favorecer a interação horizontal. A entrevista foi aplicada de acordo com os preceitos éticos e o rigor cientifico. Foi verificada uma dificuldade no que diz respeito aos conteúdos curriculares de Educação Básica, em 7 relação ao corpo humano, bem como a gravidez e parto. Relativamente à sexualidade, esta palavra não era de conhecimento dos surdos pesquisados. Quanto à prática do sexo uma grande parte já havia tido experiências neste sentido e como método de proteção para o sexo, a camisinha, o casamento, a fidelidade e a pílula anticoncepcional eram os conhecidos por eles. Com respeito as IST/aids e as outras questões depreendeu-se a necessidade de informações complementares para o exercício de uma sexualidade segura e responsável. Foram efetuadas, descritas e avaliadas as ações educativas implementadas, concluindo-se que os surdos são uma população que demanda de uma educação preventiva para as temáticas estudadas de forma dinâmica, contextualizada e voltada para sua peculiaridade, ou seja, sua língua, sua cultura, sua experiência visual acurada e sua facilidade de comunicação com seus pares, indo de encontro com a proposta de formação de agentes multiplicadores. / This study is about a qualitative research, measured by action-research methodology, based in Paulo Freire’s theoretical method. This paper is to raise problems lived by a specific young deaf adults population facing sexuality and STD/AIDS, through language communication by signs, using LIBRAS( Brazilian Sign Language) ; creating among them construction possibilities, implementation and assessment of teaching actions, facing problematic situations, creating subsidy to reflexion for a change in attitude facing identified problems leading to a self development and a responsible choice related to sexual life, safe sex and STD/AIDS prevention. The need of a job is discussed specifically turned to this peculiar population since exclusion is always present and by their own difficulty in communication. The build of a referential is also discussed, that can implement the educative process and at the same time giving support to a critical and scientific approach. This brought about instrumental to deal with questions, demanding the researcher to conclude a LIBRAS course to favor the horizontal interaction. The interview was done according to ethical rules and scientific accuracy. A great dificulty was found regarding the current curriculum content in relation to the human body, pregnancy and childbirth. Sexuality is a word not known by the group in this study; regarding sex practice, only one has never had sex before and all of them 9 have known about sex protection methods, condom, marriage, fidelity and anti conceptional pills. Regarding STD/AIDS and other matters related, we could see the need of complementary information for a safe and responsible sexuality practice. The implemented educational actions were done, described and assessed. It may be concluded that the deaf population is calling for a preventive education in the areas mentioned above in a dynamical form, contextualized and turned to their language, culture, sharp visual experience and the facility for partner communication, heading toward the proposal of multiplier agent formation.

Governments, United Nations (UN) agencies and international and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have mounted a concerted effort to remobilize sport as a vehicle for broad, sustainable social development. This resonates with the call by the UN Inter-agency Task Force for sport to be a key component in national and international development objectives. Missing in these efforts is an explicit focus on physical education within state schools, which still enroll most children in the global South. This study focuses on research into one of the few instances where physical education within the national curriculum is being revitalized as part of this growing interest in leveraging the appeal of sport and play as a means to address social development challenges such as HIV/AIDS. The study examines the response to the Zambian government’s 2006 Declaration of Mandatory Physical Education (with a preventive education focus on HIV/AIDS) by personnel charged with its implementation. The decree directed personnel to immediately begin implementing the teaching of physical education in all Basic and Secondary schools in Zambia to “ensure physical fitness and the enhancement of values, skills and holistic development of the learner” (Ministry of Education, 2006). The study examined the response of 17 teachers and education administrators from Lusaka province, Zambia. The interviews were conducted between September and December 2009. The purpose of the study was to: 1) evaluate the implementation of the Presidential Decree on physical education as a strategy for addressing HIV/AIDS through Physical Education and Traditional Zambian Games; 2) explore and understand the response of teachers and administrators to the implementation of the 2006 Presidential Decree on physical education; 3) explore how the school context influences the implementation of the Presidential Decree; and 4) map a critical path of key personnel and their resource requirements, and make recommendations for strengthening the effectiveness of HIV prevention education. Drawing on education policy implementation literature, this study provides an analysis of the rising influence of the sport for development movement and of the ways in which physical education and sport may address HIV/AIDS within national education in Zambia. The findings of the study reveal promising signs for the potential of physical education, and of particularly traditional games, for student engagement and for addressing HIV/AIDS. Yet these promising signs are undermined by poor planning and support from the education bureaucracy, deficiencies that stem from years of neglect of, until recently, non-examinable subjects such as physical education. The findings confirm that the literature on education policy implementation drawn mostly from the global North is just as applicable to education sectors in the global South.

Governments, United Nations (UN) agencies and international and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have mounted a concerted effort to remobilize sport as a vehicle for broad, sustainable social development. This resonates with the call by the UN Inter-agency Task Force for sport to be a key component in national and international development objectives. Missing in these efforts is an explicit focus on physical education within state schools, which still enroll most children in the global South. This study focuses on research into one of the few instances where physical education within the national curriculum is being revitalized as part of this growing interest in leveraging the appeal of sport and play as a means to address social development challenges such as HIV/AIDS. The study examines the response to the Zambian government’s 2006 Declaration of Mandatory Physical Education (with a preventive education focus on HIV/AIDS) by personnel charged with its implementation. The decree directed personnel to immediately begin implementing the teaching of physical education in all Basic and Secondary schools in Zambia to “ensure physical fitness and the enhancement of values, skills and holistic development of the learner” (Ministry of Education, 2006). The study examined the response of 17 teachers and education administrators from Lusaka province, Zambia. The interviews were conducted between September and December 2009. The purpose of the study was to: 1) evaluate the implementation of the Presidential Decree on physical education as a strategy for addressing HIV/AIDS through Physical Education and Traditional Zambian Games; 2) explore and understand the response of teachers and administrators to the implementation of the 2006 Presidential Decree on physical education; 3) explore how the school context influences the implementation of the Presidential Decree; and 4) map a critical path of key personnel and their resource requirements, and make recommendations for strengthening the effectiveness of HIV prevention education. Drawing on education policy implementation literature, this study provides an analysis of the rising influence of the sport for development movement and of the ways in which physical education and sport may address HIV/AIDS within national education in Zambia. The findings of the study reveal promising signs for the potential of physical education, and of particularly traditional games, for student engagement and for addressing HIV/AIDS. Yet these promising signs are undermined by poor planning and support from the education bureaucracy, deficiencies that stem from years of neglect of, until recently, non-examinable subjects such as physical education. The findings confirm that the literature on education policy implementation drawn mostly from the global North is just as applicable to education sectors in the global South.

Este estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, mediada pela metodologia da pesquisa-ação, fundamentada em referencial teórico-metodológico de Paulo Freire. Esse visa a levantar problemas vivenciados por uma população específica de nove surdos, adultos jovens, alunos de uma Classe de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) frente à sexualidade e as IST/aids, através da comunicação pela Língua de Sinais Brasileira (LIBRAS); criar junto deles possibilidades de construção, implementação e avaliação de ações educativas, frente a situações problematizadas, criando subsídios à reflexão para uma mudança de atitude frente às dificuldades identificadas, com vistas ao desenvolvimento da autonomia, da escolha responsável e cidadã relativa à vida sexual, à negociação do sexo seguro e à prevenção das IST/aids. Discute-se a necessidade de um trabalho voltado especificamente a esta população que é peculiar, dada a exclusão existente e pela própria dificuldade da comunicação. Analisa-se a construção de um referencial que possa dar conta da implementação de um processo educativo, ao mesmo tempo dando respaldo para a abordagem crítica e científica do mesmo. Isto suscitou instrumentalização para lidar com esta questão exigindo da pesquisadora freqüentar e concluir curso de LIBRAS para favorecer a interação horizontal. A entrevista foi aplicada de acordo com os preceitos éticos e o rigor cientifico. Foi verificada uma dificuldade no que diz respeito aos conteúdos curriculares de Educação Básica, em 7 relação ao corpo humano, bem como a gravidez e parto. Relativamente à sexualidade, esta palavra não era de conhecimento dos surdos pesquisados. Quanto à prática do sexo uma grande parte já havia tido experiências neste sentido e como método de proteção para o sexo, a camisinha, o casamento, a fidelidade e a pílula anticoncepcional eram os conhecidos por eles. Com respeito as IST/aids e as outras questões depreendeu-se a necessidade de informações complementares para o exercício de uma sexualidade segura e responsável. Foram efetuadas, descritas e avaliadas as ações educativas implementadas, concluindo-se que os surdos são uma população que demanda de uma educação preventiva para as temáticas estudadas de forma dinâmica, contextualizada e voltada para sua peculiaridade, ou seja, sua língua, sua cultura, sua experiência visual acurada e sua facilidade de comunicação com seus pares, indo de encontro com a proposta de formação de agentes multiplicadores. / This study is about a qualitative research, measured by action-research methodology, based in Paulo Freire’s theoretical method. This paper is to raise problems lived by a specific young deaf adults population facing sexuality and STD/AIDS, through language communication by signs, using LIBRAS( Brazilian Sign Language) ; creating among them construction possibilities, implementation and assessment of teaching actions, facing problematic situations, creating subsidy to reflexion for a change in attitude facing identified problems leading to a self development and a responsible choice related to sexual life, safe sex and STD/AIDS prevention. The need of a job is discussed specifically turned to this peculiar population since exclusion is always present and by their own difficulty in communication. The build of a referential is also discussed, that can implement the educative process and at the same time giving support to a critical and scientific approach. This brought about instrumental to deal with questions, demanding the researcher to conclude a LIBRAS course to favor the horizontal interaction. The interview was done according to ethical rules and scientific accuracy. A great dificulty was found regarding the current curriculum content in relation to the human body, pregnancy and childbirth. Sexuality is a word not known by the group in this study; regarding sex practice, only one has never had sex before and all of them 9 have known about sex protection methods, condom, marriage, fidelity and anti conceptional pills. Regarding STD/AIDS and other matters related, we could see the need of complementary information for a safe and responsible sexuality practice. The implemented educational actions were done, described and assessed. It may be concluded that the deaf population is calling for a preventive education in the areas mentioned above in a dynamical form, contextualized and turned to their language, culture, sharp visual experience and the facility for partner communication, heading toward the proposal of multiplier agent formation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KarinaBFS.pdf: 1928015 bytes, checksum: d79600dcb09b2160c753301382067619 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study has an object the understanding of the alcohol phenomenon consumption that occurs among teenagers. It is adopted as research locus catholic private schools of Natal - RN, which receive pupils proceeding from the social groups pertaining to the classes taken from Natal private schools. The researched public corresponds to 87 teenagers, who had answered to a mixing questionnaire, with open and closed questions. The research uses as a procedure the intentional election, which for the access easinesses privileges subjects who, at the moment of the research accomplishment, reveal to be in condition to participate of it. The study presents quantitative and qualitative character. It presents the following objectives: 1-Identify in which circumstances the teenagers make alcoholic beverage use; 2 -To identify the knowledge that the teenagers have on the alcohol effects; 3 -To identify the performance role of the school institution on the prevention of alcohol use by teenagers. The analysis method used corresponds to the one called answers interpretation method. Regards to the theoretical-methodological support, the Social Control Theory and the Symbolic Interactionism Theory are adopted as referential. Its contained chapters are organized in the following way: The first chapter approaches the situation of drugs adolescent consumption in general and the social confrontation of this situation. The second chapter presents sociocultural aspects of the alcohol consumption and the description of some of the researched public characteristics. The third chapter emphasizes the school and its performance next to the teenagers and the society in general, towards the prevention and combat of the alcohol use, as well as of other drugs / O estudo O consumo do ?lcool entre adolescentes estudantes de escolas privadas cat?licas de Natal RN, 2004-2005 tem como objeto a compreens?o do fen?meno do consumo do ?lcool que ocorre entre os adolescentes. Adota-se como l?cus de pesquisa escolas privadas cat?licas de Natal RN, as quais atendem alunos provenientes de grupos sociais pertencentes ?s classes atendidas pelas escolas privadas de Natal. O p?blico pesquisado corresponde a 87 adolescentes que responderam ao question?rio misto, com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A pesquisa utiliza como procedimento a amostra intencional, a qual, pelas facilidades de acesso, privilegia indiv?duos que no momento de realiza??o da pesquisa mostram-se em condi??o de participar da mesma. O estudo apresenta car?ter quantitativo e qualitativo. Apresenta os seguintes objetivos: 1-Analisar em que circunst?ncias os adolescentes fazem uso de bebidas alco?licas; 2- Identificar o conhecimento que os adolescentes t?m sobre os efeitos do ?lcool; 3 - Entender o papel de atua??o da institui??o escola na preven??o do uso do ?lcool pelos adolescentes. A an?lise privilegia a interpreta??o das respostas. No tocante ? fundamenta??o te?rico-metodol?gica adotam-se como referencial a Teoria do Controle Social e a Teoria do Interacionismo Simb?lico. Os cap?tulos aqui constantes encontram-se organizados da seguinte maneira: O primeiro capitulo aborda a situa??o atual de consumo adolescente de drogas em geral e o enfrentamento social desta situa??o. O segundo capitulo apresenta aspectos socioculturais do consumo do ?lcool e a descri??o de algumas caracter?sticas do p?blico pesquisado. O terceiro capitulo enfatiza a escola e sua atua??o junto aos jovens e ? sociedade em geral, no sentido de preven??o e combate ao uso do ?lcool bem como das demais drogas

En 1881, l’Assistance publique à Paris crée le service des enfants moralement abandonnés, en empruntant à la philanthropie le patronage des adolescents des milieux populaires, pour prendre en charge des mineurs des deux sexes qui échappent aux normes de socialisation (famille, école et apprentissage). Arrêtés pour vagabondage, mendicité, vol ou prostitution, ces mineurs sont destinés aux centres de correction. Par une cogestion assistance/justice, le patronage administratif introduit l’éducation préventive des mineurs de justice éducables et des enfants placés volontairement par leurs parents. Les profils de ces mineurs indiquent une précarité des familles et des carences éducatives ainsi que des abus parentaux et des déviances juvéniles. Pour assurer l’éloignement des enfants maltraités ou en danger moral de leur milieu, la loi de 1889 permet aux tribunaux de prononcer la déchéance contre les parents indignes et d’organiser la tutelle administrative. Ces pupilles de l’Assistance relèvent du placement familial, professionnel ou industriel. Alors que ce cadre normatif applique des dispositifs d’intégration sociale (famille, discipline, travail, épargne), des écoles professionnelles, de préservation ou de réforme assurent l’éducation spéciale des pupilles disciplinés, difficiles ou vicieux. En grandissant, les pupilles sont destinés à la domesticité et aux diverses activités locales bien que certains parviennent à réussir une carrière exceptionnelle. Face aux difficultés d’intégration et aux frustrations, adolescents et jeunes brisent le lien de tutelle avant la majorité. Les uns s’évadent tandis que les autres sont retirés par leurs parents ou radiés pour délinquance. / To take care of minors of both sexes beyond the common forms of socialization (family, school and vocational apprenticeship), public assistance in Paris created, in 1881, the service of children in moral danger following the philanthropy patronage of popular milieu adolescents. Arrested for vagrancy, begging, stealing, prostitution, these victims/offenders are led to correction centres. Conceived by justice/assistance cooperation, the administrative patronage introduced preventive education for children placed voluntarily by their parents and educable justice juveniles. The profiles of these minors indicate precariousness within families and educational deficiencies or parental abuse and juvenile deviance. In order to guarantee removal and re-education of abused or young in moral danger, the 1889 law allows the courts to deprive the unworthy parents from their parental authority and organize the administrative guardianship after divestiture. Becoming wards of the assistance, these children fall within the foster, professional or industrial placement. This normative framework argues for social integration devices (family, discipline, work, and thrifts) while vocational, preservation or reform schools provide special education respectively for disciplined, difficult or vicious wards. When they grow up, pupils are destined to domesticity as servants or local activities, although, some of them succeed to achieve a promising professional career. Facing integration difficulties and frustrations, the link of guardianship may be broken before the majority either by adolescents and young escape, by parent’s removal requests or by exclusion for delinquency.

Knowledge of the population to ensure its own security and in areas of population protection and fire protection are the basis of a secure society. For this reason, the implementation of preventive educational activities is one of the tasks of entities active in the field of population protection and fire protection. The diploma thesis focuses on the preventive educational activity realized within individual volunteer fire brigades. Population education and prevention themselves are not, by reason of the great demands on the knowledge and abilities of members, areas that volunteer firefighters would actively pursue. The aim of the thesis is to make preventive educational activities more attractive and to facilitate their implementation, for example by organizing a entertaining educational event for the public. That could be a demonstration of the VFB itself or demonstration of other rescue teams for the public which would contribute to increasing the knowledge of the population in the areas of safety. The fulfillment of the goal of the thesis was accomplished by own realization of a fun learning day and incorporating knowledge from the organizational process, including the planning, preparation and implementation period into the methodological manual, which become a guide for members of voluntary fire brigades, how to organize a preventive educational event. This methodical guide is the main output of the work. The actual realization of the event was preceded by investigation of the legal regulations and other available documents and materials, including an analysis of the historical development of education in the field of population protection. These were then compared with my own knowledge and acquired experience within the event organization, evaluation and advices from those who are engaged in preventive educational activities.

En stor del av den tidiga språkutvecklingen sker i samspel med vuxna, och kommunikationen mellan vårdnadshavare och deras små barn är därför särskilt betydelsefull. Vuxna anpassar ofta sitt sätt att tala till små barn genom att göra anpassningar i de språkliga parametrarna prosodi, segmentell fonologi, syntax, pragmatik och ordförråd. Dessa anpassningar kallas ofta för barnriktat tal (BRT) och har visat sig ha både en kortsiktig såväl som långsiktig positiv inverkan på barns tidiga språkutveckling. Tidigare forskning gällande barns tal- och språkmiljö har främst fokuserat på kommunikationen mellan kvinnliga vårdnadshavare och deras små barn. Det finns därmed ett behov av forskning som undersöker manliga vårdnadshavares kommunikation, särskilt med fokus på kvalitativa aspekter så som användandet av BRT. Inom Ord gör skillnad-projektet på KI utvecklas en ny interventionsmetod, Preventive Education Program for Parents (PEPP). I metoden kartläggs kvantitativa och kvalitativa aspekter av barns tal- och språkmiljö med hjälp av Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA), videoinspelning och ett framtaget PEPP-protokoll. I föreliggande studie undersöktes förekomsten av de parametrar som utgör BRT i manliga vårdnadshavares kommunikation med sina små barn. Mer specifikt undersöktes förekomst eller icke förekomst av parametrarna samt mest respektive minst förekommande parameter. Studien syftade även till att undersöka om PEPP-protokollets nuvarande beskrivningar av parametrarna kan användas för att bedöma förekomst av BRT. I studien deltog 6 manliga vårdnadshavare och deras barn i åldrarna 0 till 12 månader. Material från barnens tal- och språkmiljö samlades in med videoinspelning under en strukturerad leksituation och med LENA under en heldag i hemmiljö. Användandet av BRT analyserades både med hjälp av PEPP-metodens bedömningsprotokoll samt genom en kompletterande uppskattning av mest respektive minst förekommande parameter. Resultaten visade att 5 av 5 parametrar som utgör BRT förekom i samtliga deltagares kommunikation i hemmiljön samt i majoriteten av deltagarnas kommunikation under den strukturerade leksituationen. För hälften av deltagarna noterades parametern pragmatik som mest förekommande parameter och segmentell fonologi som minst förekommande parameter. I studien påtalas brister gällande PEPP-protokollets beskrivningar av parametrarna och författarna presenterar förslag på förbättringsåtgärder. / A large part of early language development takes place in interaction with adults, and the communication between caregivers and their young children is therefore particularly important for the child’s language development. Adults often adapt their way of speaking to young children by making adjustments in the linguistic parameters’ prosody, segmental phonology, syntax, pragmatics and vocabulary. These adaptations are often referred to as child-directed speech (CDS) and have been shown to have both adirect, as well as long-term positive impact on young children's language development. Previous research on children's speech and language environment has mainly focused on communication between female caregivers and their young children. Therefore, there is a need for research that examines male caregivers’ communication, especially with focus on qualitative aspects such as the use of CDS. Within the Words make a difference project at Karolinska Institutet (KI), researchers are developing a new intervention method, Preventive Education Program for Parents (PEPP). The method maps quantitative and qualitative aspects of children's speech and language environment using Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA), video recordings and a protocol developed within PEPP. The present study explored the occurrence of the parameters that constitute CDS in male caregivers' communication with their young children. More specifically, the occurrence or non-occurrence of the parameters as well as the most and least occurring parameter were examined. The study also aimed to investigate whether the PEPP protocol's current descriptions of the parameters could be used to assess the occurrence of CDS. The study involved 6 male caregivers and their children aged 0 to 12 months. Data from the children's speech and language environment were collected with a short video recording during a structured play situation, and with LENA from a daylong recording in the child’s natural home setting. The use of CDS was analyzed both by using the PEPP protocol, and well as by a supplementary estimation of the most and least occurring parameter. The results showed that 5 out of 5 parameters that constitute CDS occurred in all participants' communication in the natural home setting as well as in the majority of the participants' communication during the structured play situation. For half of the participants, pragmatics was noted as the most occurring parameter, and segmental phonology as the least occurring parameter. The current study highlights shortcomings regarding the PEPP protocol's descriptions of the parameters and the authors proposes suggestions for improvement of the PEPP method.