Submitted by Jailda Nascimento (jmnascimento@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-21T14:59:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Silveira Armando Waitman.pdf: 1019394 bytes, checksum: 29c4ff8848c3ca613046c00fbc399a29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T14:59:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Silveira Armando Waitman.pdf: 1019394 bytes, checksum: 29c4ff8848c3ca613046c00fbc399a29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-06 / The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the reception or non-reception of Article 384 of the Consolidation of the Labor Laws by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The Constitution of 1988, in Article 5, I, set the equality of men and women in rights and obligations. On the other hand, article 384 of the Consolidation of the Labor Laws provides a rest of fifteen (15) minutes, only to women, before the overtime. Based on the study of the principle of equality, elapsing through the historical evolution and protection rules related to the work performed by women and the current Brazilian constitutionality control system, we come to the specific analysis of the compatibility or not of Article 384 of the Consolidation of Labor Laws with the present Federal Constitution. The purpose of this study is to deepen the discussion on the scope of the principle of gender equality nowadays regarding the change of women’s social role since 1943 (the year of approval of the Consolidation of the Labor Laws), putting in question the validity or not of women’s protective job rules, in particular Article 384 of the onsolidation of the Labor Laws / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a recepção ou não recepção do artigo 384 da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT) pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A Constituição Federal de 1988, em seu artigo 5º, I, prevê a igualdade de homens e mulheres em direitos e obrigações. Já o artigo 384 da CLT prevê um descanso de 15 minutos, somente às mulheres, antes do início do labor extraordinário. Partindo do estudo do princípio da igualdade, permeando a evolução histórica e normativa da proteção ao trabalho da mulher e verificando o controle de constitucionalidade vigente no sistema constitucional pátrio, chega-se à análise específica da compatibilidade ou não do artigo 384 da CLT com a atual Constituição Federal. O objetivo do trabalho é aprofundar a discussão sobre a abrangência do princípio da igualdade de gênero na atualidade frente a mudança no papel social da mulher desde 1943 (ano de aprovação da CLT), colocando em pauta a vigência ou não das normas protetivas ao seu trabalho, em especial do artigo 384 da CLT

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruben Seidl.pdf: 700624 bytes, checksum: e6f03531d9f22dfb4eea16b0ab46d05f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-29 / The World Conference on Racism that took place in Durban in 2001 shaped a new position of the Brazilian government concerning its policies on minorities´ protection and promotion of equality. Affirmative action policies, until then timorous, gained a new drive and several laws were rapidly arranged in order to support them. Nevertheless, many of these laws established fixed racial and social quotas, ignoring the historical process in other countries, mainly the U.S., where racial quotas had been considered unconstitutional, although other kinds of affirmative policies, somehow less belligerent, are still in place in North America. This study seeks to establish legal limits for affirmative action, taking into account not only similar experiences in other countries, but the own formation of the Brazilian people and the possibilities of promotion of equality vis-à-vis the Federal Constitution. / A Conferência Mundial contra o Racismo, realizada em Durban em 2001, marcou uma nova posição do governo brasileiro em relação às políticas de proteção a minorias e promoção da igualdade. Políticas de ação afirmativa, até então tímidas, ganharam novo impulso e diversas normas foram rapidamente promulgadas para suportá-las. Entretanto, muitas dessas normas acabaram por fixar cotas raciais e sociais, ignorando o processo histórico em outros países, marcadamente os EUA, onde cotas raciais foram consideradas inconstitucionais, embora outras políticas menos contundentes de ação afirmativa ainda continuam sendo promovidas. A pesquisa procura estabelecer limites das ações afirmativas, levando em conta não apenas as experiências de outros países, mas a própria formação do povo brasileiro e as possibilidades de promoção da igualdade vis-à-vis a Constituição Federal.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama konstitucinio lygiateisiškumo principo samprata, raida, ypatumai, lygiateisiškumo principo santykis su kitais konstituciniais principais ir konstitucijos normomis, išskiriamos interpretavimo problemos Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo jurisprudencijoje, analizuojama lygiateisiškumo principo interpretacija kitų šalių konstitucinėje jurisprudencijoje. Taip pat išskiriami bendri lygiateisiškumo principo interpretavimo aspektai kurie atsispindi tiek Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo jurisprudencijoje tiek kitų šalių konstitucinėje jurisprudencijoje, aptariamas Europos Žmonių Teisių Teismo, Europos Teisingumo Teismo ir kitų valstybių jurisprudencijos (doktrinos) taikymas Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo jurisprudencijoje aiškinant lygiateisiškumo principą. Darbe naudojami lyginamasis istorinis ir teisinių dokumentų analizės metodai. Konstitucinis lygiateisiškumo principas įtvirtintas Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos 29 straipsnyje, glaudžiai siejasi su kitais konstituciniais principais, nuostatomis, įtvirtintas Konstitucijos straipsniuose (33 str., 38 str., 50 str., 55 str., 69 str., 82 str. ir pan.). Konstitucinis asmenų lygiateisiškumo principas gali būti analizuojamas įvairiais aspektais. Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo jurisprudencijoje jo interpretacija yra plati.. Kadangi magistrinio darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti lygiateisiškumo principo interpretaciją Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The present Master Thesis focuses on the analysis of the concept, evolution, and peculiarities of equality principle as well as the relation among the principle of equality and other constitutional principles and norms. The paper points at the interpretation problems in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania and provides the analysis of interpretation of the equality principle in the constitutional jurisprudence of other countries. The present thesis also defines the general aspects of the interpretation of equality principle, the presence of which can be traced both in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania and the constitutional jurisprudence of other countries, and discusses the ways in which the jurisprudence (doctrine) of the European Court of Human Rights, that of the European Court of Justice and the jurisprudence of other countries is applied when explaining the principle of equality in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania. The comparative historical method and the legal document analysis were used in the study. The constitutional principle of equality is set forth in Article 29 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania. It is closely related to other constitutional principles and provisions, set forth in the Articles of the Constitution (Articles 33, 38, 50, 55, 69, 82 etc.). The constitutional principle of equality of people can be analyzed from... [to full text]

O presente estudo apresenta uma análise do princípio da igualdade e sua aplicação pela Suprema Corte americana e pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro. Para tanto, analisa, de um lado, os atuais padrões de teste adotados pela Suprema Corte para aplicação do princípio da igualdade e, de outro lado, a ausência de critérios por parte do Supremo Tribunal Federal para a mesma finalidade. Dentre as inúmeras medidas que vem sendo adotadas, na busca da realização do princípio da igualdade, as políticas públicas, entre as quais destaca-se a política de cotas, merecem uma maior atenção. Muito embora, em um primeiro momento, a política de cotas possa parecer ter um bom propósito, ao olhar para ela de forma mais crítica, possível perceber que se trata de alternativa transitória. Por isso, uma outra solução precisa ser pensada. E, considerando que os padrões de teste da Suprema Corte americana não encontram aplicabilidade na realidade brasileira, a melhor alternativa, para o contexto brasileiro, parece passar pela igualdade de oportunidades, traço esse fundamental do estado social, que encontra amparo na Constituição Federal brasileira. Levando em conta, então, a importância e atualidade do tema, um estudo sobre ele se mostra sempre relevante. / This study presents an analysis of the principle of equality and its application by the american Supreme Court and the brazilian Supreme Federal Court. It analyzes, on the one hand, the current test standards adopted by the Supreme Court to apply the principle of equality and, on the other hand, the absence of criteria by the Supreme Federal Court for the same purpose. Among the many measures that have been adopted in the pursuit of the realization of the principle of equality, public policies, among which stands out the quota policy, deserve greater attention. Although, at first, the quota policy may appear to have a good purpose, to look at it more critically, can see that this is a temporary alternative. So another solution must be considered. And since the american Supreme Court's testing standards do not find applicability in the brazilian reality, the best alternative, to the brazilian context, seems to pass for equal opportunities, this fundamental trait of the welfare state, which finds support in the brazilian Federal Constitution. Considering, then, the importance and timeliness of the topic, a study it shows it is always relevant.

O presente estudo apresenta uma análise do princípio da igualdade e sua aplicação pela Suprema Corte americana e pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro. Para tanto, analisa, de um lado, os atuais padrões de teste adotados pela Suprema Corte para aplicação do princípio da igualdade e, de outro lado, a ausência de critérios por parte do Supremo Tribunal Federal para a mesma finalidade. Dentre as inúmeras medidas que vem sendo adotadas, na busca da realização do princípio da igualdade, as políticas públicas, entre as quais destaca-se a política de cotas, merecem uma maior atenção. Muito embora, em um primeiro momento, a política de cotas possa parecer ter um bom propósito, ao olhar para ela de forma mais crítica, possível perceber que se trata de alternativa transitória. Por isso, uma outra solução precisa ser pensada. E, considerando que os padrões de teste da Suprema Corte americana não encontram aplicabilidade na realidade brasileira, a melhor alternativa, para o contexto brasileiro, parece passar pela igualdade de oportunidades, traço esse fundamental do estado social, que encontra amparo na Constituição Federal brasileira. Levando em conta, então, a importância e atualidade do tema, um estudo sobre ele se mostra sempre relevante. / This study presents an analysis of the principle of equality and its application by the american Supreme Court and the brazilian Supreme Federal Court. It analyzes, on the one hand, the current test standards adopted by the Supreme Court to apply the principle of equality and, on the other hand, the absence of criteria by the Supreme Federal Court for the same purpose. Among the many measures that have been adopted in the pursuit of the realization of the principle of equality, public policies, among which stands out the quota policy, deserve greater attention. Although, at first, the quota policy may appear to have a good purpose, to look at it more critically, can see that this is a temporary alternative. So another solution must be considered. And since the american Supreme Court's testing standards do not find applicability in the brazilian reality, the best alternative, to the brazilian context, seems to pass for equal opportunities, this fundamental trait of the welfare state, which finds support in the brazilian Federal Constitution. Considering, then, the importance and timeliness of the topic, a study it shows it is always relevant.

O presente estudo apresenta uma análise do princípio da igualdade e sua aplicação pela Suprema Corte americana e pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro. Para tanto, analisa, de um lado, os atuais padrões de teste adotados pela Suprema Corte para aplicação do princípio da igualdade e, de outro lado, a ausência de critérios por parte do Supremo Tribunal Federal para a mesma finalidade. Dentre as inúmeras medidas que vem sendo adotadas, na busca da realização do princípio da igualdade, as políticas públicas, entre as quais destaca-se a política de cotas, merecem uma maior atenção. Muito embora, em um primeiro momento, a política de cotas possa parecer ter um bom propósito, ao olhar para ela de forma mais crítica, possível perceber que se trata de alternativa transitória. Por isso, uma outra solução precisa ser pensada. E, considerando que os padrões de teste da Suprema Corte americana não encontram aplicabilidade na realidade brasileira, a melhor alternativa, para o contexto brasileiro, parece passar pela igualdade de oportunidades, traço esse fundamental do estado social, que encontra amparo na Constituição Federal brasileira. Levando em conta, então, a importância e atualidade do tema, um estudo sobre ele se mostra sempre relevante. / This study presents an analysis of the principle of equality and its application by the american Supreme Court and the brazilian Supreme Federal Court. It analyzes, on the one hand, the current test standards adopted by the Supreme Court to apply the principle of equality and, on the other hand, the absence of criteria by the Supreme Federal Court for the same purpose. Among the many measures that have been adopted in the pursuit of the realization of the principle of equality, public policies, among which stands out the quota policy, deserve greater attention. Although, at first, the quota policy may appear to have a good purpose, to look at it more critically, can see that this is a temporary alternative. So another solution must be considered. And since the american Supreme Court's testing standards do not find applicability in the brazilian reality, the best alternative, to the brazilian context, seems to pass for equal opportunities, this fundamental trait of the welfare state, which finds support in the brazilian Federal Constitution. Considering, then, the importance and timeliness of the topic, a study it shows it is always relevant.

This research aims to examine, from an interdisciplinary study that correlates Law, Education, Sociology, and other related areas, entry into the Federal University of Santa Maria through the Affirmative Action Program of Racial and Social Inclusion. Brazil has been noted historically for being a country where the socio-racial inequalities prevail, either by poor and inadequate income distribution, coupled with the absence of effective public policies, or even because of a discriminatory national culture. In addition to these findings, first, an approach will be made-by focusing on the right to education on the importance, impact and repercussions of International Human Rights Treaties incorporated into the Brazilian legislation. In a second stage, once situated the right to education in parental normative ordering, given the controversies established around the fundamentality of social rights in Brazil, will discuss up-while the humanitarian and democratic rule of law, based on the principle model of human dignity, of the effectiveness, concreteness and enforceability of these values in the face of the defaulting Government. Finally, in this scenario, neoconstitucionalista, will address about the Program Racial and Social inclusion adopted by the Federal University of Santa Maria, in order to reflect and evaluate, from the perspective of the principle of substantive equality, the core element of the decision Supreme Court which, in the judgment of action breach of fundamental precept paragraph nº.186-2/DF declared, in 2012, the constitutionality of the quota system in education, the documents that led to Resolution N. 011/07, which established in the Affirmative UFSM Program, aimed at the domestic level design perspective and concomitantly, demonstrating the positions of the Directors Council of Education Research and Extension, which best make compatible with the Brazilian socio-educational and constitutional order. / A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar, a partir de um estudo interdisciplinar, que correlaciona Direito, Educação, Sociologia, e outras áreas afins, o ingresso na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria através do Programa de Ações Afirmativas de Inclusão Racial e Social. O Brasil tem se notabilizado, historicamente, por ser um país onde as desigualdades sociorraciais imperam, seja pela má e inadequada distribuição de renda, associada à ausência de políticas públicas efetivas, ou mesmo, em virtude de uma cultura nacional discriminatória. A par destas constatações, primeiramente, far-se-á uma abordagem, tendo como foco o direito à educação, acerca da importância, impacto e repercussão dos Tratados Internacionais de Direitos Humanos incorporados à legislação brasileira. Num segundo estágio, uma vez situado o direito à educação no ordenamento normativo pátrio, diante das controvérsias estabelecidas em torno da fundamentalidade dos direitos sociais no Brasil, discorrer-se-á, ao passo do Estado Democrático e Humanitário de Direito, modelo alicerçado no princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, a respeito da efetividade, concretude e exigibilidade desses valores em face o Poder Público. Por fim, neste cenário, neoconstitucionalista, debruçar-se-á sobre o Programa de Inclusão Racial e Social adotado pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com vistas a refletir e avaliar, sob a ótica do princípio da igualdade material, elemento nuclear da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal que, no julgamento da Ação de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº. 186-2/DF declarou, no ano de 2012, a constitucionalidade do sistema de cotas na educação, os documentos que deram origem a Resolução N. 011/07, que instituiu na UFSM o Programa Afirmativo, visando projetar perspectivas no âmbito interno, e concomitantemente, demonstrar as posições dos Conselheir@s do Conselho de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão, CEPE, que melhor se compatibilizam com a ordem constitucional e socioeducacional brasileira.

This thesis deals with the ban on racial discrimination and protection against it in international law and its application in the legal order of the Czech Republic. The aim of this study was to examine the provisions prohibiting racial discrimination and mechanisms of protection against racial discrimination established by various conventions on the international and European level and the status of implementation of these commitments in the legal order of the Czech Republic and their implementation. The work is divided into six chapters; the issue itself is divided into four. In the second chapter thesis provides a definition of basic terms such as equality and its subdivisions, equal treatment, discrimination, its forms and discriminatory law and how the very nature of this work is apparent as well as the terms of race, racial discrimination, racial segregation and violence. In third and fourth part are introduced systems of protection against racial discrimination in the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union. The fifth chapter is concerned with Czech legislation, the process of application of the ban on racial discrimination into the Czech legal order, on the constitutional level as well as on the level of laws, which also outlines the procedural particularities of the...

Using selected stories by two North African women writers, Alifa Rifaat of Egypt and Assia Djebar of Algeria, this study, entitled ‘Islamic culture and the question of women’s human rights in North Africa: a study of short stories by Assia Djebar and Alifa Rifaat’, analyzes the creative representation of contemporary Muslim society and its treatment of women. The continued marginalization of women in Muslim societies has led to the rise of feminist movements in North Africa and the Middle East. Muslim women, like their Christian counterparts, have made a most remarkable appearance on the African literary scene by producing literature that interrogates a system in which women are denied the rights to life, equality and freedom, which are the inalienable rights of all Islamic adherents. Thus, North African women’s writing reveals a disparity between Islamic culture, which is based on the Qur’an and upholds equal rights for all believers, and Muslim culture, which denies women access to full rights. The writings of Alifa Rifaat and Assia Djebar espouse the need for a transformation of Muslim culture such that the practices of Muslims effectively harmonize with the teachings of the Qur’an. The stories selected for analysis illustrate that while Rifaat uses the conservatist approach or womanist thrust in her criticism of Muslim culture, Djebar adopts a more radical approach that is ultimately feminist. Nevertheless, both writers address similar issues affecting women in Muslim societies, such as forced or arranged marriages and the suppression of female sexuality. The first chapter situates the argument within gender discourse and the human rights framework, providing a critical appraisal of women in Islam from pre-Islamic times to modern days. To contextualize the literary scene, the second chapter positions Muslim women’s writing within the broad corpus of African feminisms, using the works of Nawal el-Saadawi, Mariama Bâ and Zaynab Alkali to chart the many challenges facing Muslim women today. Chapters Three and Four focus on the selected literature of the chosen writers, Alifa Rifaat and Assia Djebar, respectively, showing how each writer uses her art as an instrument to combat social injustices against women. The concluding chapter establishes the points of convergence and divergence between Rifaat and Djebar and, ultimately, draws attention to the dire need for all Muslims to respect the human rights of women. This study, therefore, blends literary interpretation with sociological findings to assess the extent of the failure of Muslims to endorse the principle of equality for all humans irrespective of race, class, or gender. Essentially, it seeks to raise consciousness on women’s rights in Islam. / Dissertation (MA (Pan African Literatures))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / English / MA / unrestricted

REŠOVSKÁ Radka: Participants of the civil proceedings. [Graduation theses] / Radka Rešovská - Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Law, Department of Civil Law. - Head of the Graduation theses: doc. JUDr. Alena Macková, Ph.D, Prague: PrF UK, 2011. The graduation theses deal with contemporary legal regulations of the civil proceeding participants. A big attention was dedicated to particular definitions of the participants within contentious and non-contentious proceedings. The presumptions are being analysed of which a certain person can become the participant in proceedings and the presumptions of which the participant in proceedings is legitimated to act on his/her own behalf in the trial. Object of theses are also different kinds of representation of the participants, i.e. representation at law, representation at judicial decision or representation under the power of attorney. A relevant part of theses is characteristics of the principle of equality which is reflected in status of participants of the civil proceedings and is a part of the right of due process. A body of the fundamental procedural rights and duties of participants is being presented which constitute the content of procedural relations realized by this way. Attention is concentrated on joinder of participants which are being...