Today, we see a renewed interest in aircraft with multiple propellers. To support conceptual design of these vehicles, one of the major needs is a fast and accurate method for estimating wing aerodynamic characteristics in the presence of multiple propellers. For the method to be effective, it must be easy to use, have rapid turnaround time and should be able to capture major wing–propeller interaction effects with sufficient accuracy. This research is primarily motivated by the need to assess the effectiveness of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for simulating aerodynamic characteristics of wings with multiple propellers. The scope of the present research is limited to investigating the interaction between a single tractor propeller and a wing. This research aims to compare computational results from a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method, StarCCM+, and a vortex lattice method (VLM), VSP Aero. Two configurations that are analysed are 1) WIPP Configuration (Workshop for Integrated Propeller Prediction) 2) APROPOS Configuration. For WIPP, computational results are compared with measured lift and drag data for several angles of attack and Mach numbers. StarCCM+ results of wake flow field are compared with WIPP's wake survey data. For APROPOS, computed data for lift-to-drag ratio of the wing are compared with test data for multiple vertical and spanwise locations of the propeller. The results of the simulations are used to assess the effectiveness of the two CFD methods used in this research. / Master of Science / Today, we see a renewed interest in aircraft with multiple propellers due to an increasing demand for vehicles which fly short distances at low altitudes, be it flying taxis, delivery drones or small passenger aircrafts. To support conceptual design of vehicles, one of the major needs is a fast and accurate method for estimating wing aerodynamic characteristics in the presence of multiple propellers. For the method to be effective, it must be easy to use, have rapid turnaround time and should be able to capture major wing–propeller inter- action effects with sufficient accuracy. This research is primarily motivated by the need to assess the effectiveness of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for simulating aerodynamic characteristics of wings with multiple propellers. Then only can we can take full advantage of the capabilities of the CFD methods and support design of emerging propeller driven air vehicles with an appropriate level of confidence. This research aims to compare high level methods with increasingly complex geometries and realistic models of physics like Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) and low level methods that rely on simplified geometry and simplified physics models like Vortex Lattice Methods (VLM). We will analyse multiple configurations and validate them against experi- mental data and thus assessing the effectiveness of the CFD models. This research investigates two configurations, 1) WIPP configuration 2) APROPOS configuration, for which experimental data is available. The results of the simulations are used to assess the effectiveness of the two CFD methods used in this research.

Dans cette thèse, on présente la théorie algébrique IH par le biais de générateurs et d’équations.Le modèle libre de IH est la catégorie des sous-espaces linéaires sur un corps k. Les termes de IH sont des diagrammes de cordes, qui, selon le choix de k, peuvent exprimer différents types de réseaux et de formalismes graphiques, que l’on retrouve dans des domaines scientifiques divers, tels que les circuits quantiques, les circuits électriques et les réseaux de Petri. Les équations de IH sont obtenues via des lois distributives entre algèbres de Hopf – d’où le nom “Interacting Hopf algebras” (algèbres de Hopf interagissantes). La caractérisation via les sous-espaces permet de voir IH comme une syntaxe fondée sur les diagrammes de cordes pour l’algèbre linéaire: les applications linéaires, les espaces et leurs transformations ont chacun leur représentation fidèle dans le langage graphique. Cela aboutit à un point de vue alternatif, souvent fructueux, sur le domaine.On illustre cela en particulier en utilisant IH pour axiomatiser la sémantique formelle de circuits de calculs de signaux, pour lesquels on s’intéresse aux questions de la complète adéquation et de la réalisabilité. Notre analyse suggère un certain nombre d’enseignements au sujet du rôle de la causalité dans la sémantique des systèmes de calcul. / We present by generators and equations the algebraic theory IH whose free model is the category oflinear subspaces over a field k. Terms of IH are string diagrams which, for different choices of k, expressdifferent kinds of networks and graphical formalisms used by scientists in various fields, such as quantumcircuits, electrical circuits and Petri nets. The equations of IH arise by distributive laws between Hopfalgebras - from which the name interacting Hopf algebras. The characterisation in terms of subspacesallows to think of IH as a string diagrammatic syntax for linear algebra: linear maps, spaces and theirtransformations are all faithfully represented in the graphical language, resulting in an alternative, ofteninsightful perspective on the subject matter. As main application, we use IH to axiomatise a formalsemantics of signal processing circuits, for which we study full abstraction and realisability. Our analysissuggests a reflection about the role of causality in the semantics of computing devices.

Master of Science / Department of Human Ecology / Bronwyn Fees / With obesity on the rise in young children, the need to examine interventions to increase activity levels, a factor in obesity, in childhood is apparent. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between toddlers wearing a costume prop and their type and intensity of movement as well as their level of social participation. It was hypothesized that intensity of movement and types of movement would increase when the child wore a cape compared to no cape. A total of fifty-four subjects between the ages of 24 and 36 months participated in the study, structured into an intervention group (n = 27) and a control group (n = 27). Toddlers in the control group were observed for 20 minutes during free play inside the classroom wearing a specifically designed data collection garment (which looked like a “vest”) to record movement and sound. Participants in the intervention group were observed with the same data collection garment and the costume prop “cape” for 20 minutes during morning free-play period inside. The toddlers‟ behaviors were coded as outlined by Brown, Pfeiffer, McIver, Dowda, Joao, Almeida, and Pate‟s (2006) Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children-Preschool (OSRAC-P), modified to capture the unique movements of toddlers for the present study. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were utilized to examine the effect of a costume prop on intensity of activity, types of gross motor movement, and forms of social play. Results revealed the intervention group exhibited significantly greater engagement in onlooker, solitary, and parallel play (p < .001) than the control group. No significant differences in the levels of intensity or types of activity exhibited between the two groups. Implications for further research on physical activity and stimulating physical activity in the classroom are discussed

The aim of this Master´s thesis is to examine how public library managers reflect on readers´ advisory and promotion of adult literature, and how they view and discuss the governmental proposition Läsa för livet (prop. 2013/14:3). Questions posed in this study are: What matters do public library managers think fiction have on adults? How do public library managers reflect on promotion of adult literature? What are public library managers´ views on the governmental proposition Läsa för livet and how it will affect the public library?The theoretical starting-points used in this study are views on literature by Magnus Persson and Gitte Balling, and views on literature promotion by Rasmus Grøn. Method chosen was semi-structured interviews with six library managers in public libraries. This empirical material was analyzed according to the questions above. The results show strong emphasis on patron acquisition in collection management and literary promotion, according to the respondents in this study. It also shows their lack of high expectations of the governmental proposition Läsa för livet. / Program: Masterprogram: Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap, Digitala bibliotek och informationstjänster

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-04-29T16:56:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_TransporteEletronicoNanofitas.pdf: 2109724 bytes, checksum: 53d7670be2e9030dd1cfbb438959ef65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-06-11T13:02:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_TransporteEletronicoNanofitas.pdf: 2109724 bytes, checksum: 53d7670be2e9030dd1cfbb438959ef65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T13:02:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_TransporteEletronicoNanofitas.pdf: 2109724 bytes, checksum: 53d7670be2e9030dd1cfbb438959ef65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / O grafeno é a primeira estrutura bidimensional que se obteve experimentalmente. Sua rede cristalina é uma rede hexagonal, conhecida como "Favo de Mel", possui apenas um átomo de espessura. Cortes em folhas de grafeno, privilegiando determinada direção, geram as chamadas nanofitas de grafeno. Embora o grafeno se comporte como um metal, é sabido que as nanofitas podem apresentar comportamentos semicondutor, metálico ou semimetálico, dependendo da direção de corte e/ou largura da fita. No caso de nanofitas semicondutoras, a largura da banda proibida (band gap), entre outros fatores, depende da largura da nanofita. Neste trabalho adotou-se métodos de primeiros princípios como o DFT (Density Functional Theory), afim de se obter as características tais como curvas de dispersão para nanofitas. Neste trabalho, primeiramente, são apresentados diagramas de bandas de energia e curvas de densidade de estados para nanofitas de grafeno semicondutoras, de diferentes larguras, e na ausência de influências externas. Utilizou-se métodos de primeiros princípios para a obtenção destas curvas e o método das funções de Green do Não Equilíbrio para o transporte eletrônico. Posteriormente foi investigado a influência da hidrogenização, temperatura e tensão mecânica sobre sistema, isso além, de se estudar o comportamento de transporte eletrônico com e sem influência destes fatores externos. Vale ressaltar que as nanofitas de grafeno apresentam possibilidades reais de aplicação em nanodispositivos eletrônicos, a exemplo de nanodiodos e nanotransistores. Por esse motivo, é importante se ter o entendimento de como os fatores externos alteram as propriedades de tal material, pois assim, espera-se que as propriedades de dispositivos eletrônicos também sejam influenciadas da mesma maneira que as nanofitas. / Graphene was the first two-dimensional structure obtained experimentally. Its crystalline lattice is a hexagonal network with a unique atom thick, known as "Honeycomb". Cuts in graphene sheets, which favour a certain direction, generate the so-called graphene nanoribbons. Although graphene behaves like a metal, without considering spin polarization or any type of doping, nanoribbons can present metallic, semi-metallic or semiconductor behaviour, depending on the direction of the cutting and/or on the width of the ribbon. In the case of the semiconductor nanoribbons, the width of the band gap can depends directly on the width of the nanoribbon. Generally, the treatment is predominantly computational, for example, the DFT (Density Functional Theory), in order to obtain characteristics such as dispersion curves for nanoribbons, or the treatment can also be experimental. In this work, we first present the diagrams of energy band and the curves of density of states for semiconductor graphene nanoribbons of different widths and in the absence of external influences. Methods of first principles were used to obtain these curves and the method of Green functions of non-equilibrium was used to obtain the electronic transport. Subsequently, we investigated the influence of the hydrogenation, of the temperature and of the mechanical stress over the system, in order to analyse the behaviour of the electronic transport with and without external influences. It is noteworthy that the graphene nanoribbons present real possibilities of application in nanoelectronic devices, such as nanodiodos and nanotransistores. For this reason, it is important to understand how external factors affect the properties of such materials. So, it is expected that the properties of electronic devices are also influenced in the same way as the properties of the nanoribbons are influenced too.

No description available.

MELO, Heitor Alves de. Propriedades eletrônicas de pontos quânticos contendo muitos elétrons. 2010. 75 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Física, Fortaleza, 2010 . / Submitted by francisco lima (admir@ufc.br) on 2012-11-27T15:20:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_hadmelo.pdf: 2475149 bytes, checksum: f2b733568c55c95683fc14e493c5ab31 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nirlange Queiroz(nirlange@gmail.com) on 2015-09-18T12:10:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_hadmelo.pdf: 2475149 bytes, checksum: f2b733568c55c95683fc14e493c5ab31 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-18T12:10:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_hadmelo.pdf: 2475149 bytes, checksum: f2b733568c55c95683fc14e493c5ab31 (MD5) / This work investigates the eletronic properties of semiconductor quantum dots in which there are many electrons con ned. In particular, we study Si and Ge quantum dots embedded in dielectric matrices (SiO2 e HfO2). The theoretical methos used to calculate the total energy of N electrons con ned in quantum dots is based on a simpli ed version of the Hartree-Fock method. In this model, the total energy is obtained from single-particle wavefunctions and eigen-energies. The obtained results show that the total energy in Ge quantum dots are always larger than in Si ones. The reason is the smaller electron e ective mass in Ge, which raises the energies of the con ned states. As for the role of the dielectric matrix, the total energy is always larger for SiO2 than for HfO2. Physically, this e ect is caused by the fact that SiO2 has larger con nement barriers (3.2 eV) than HfO2 (1.5 eV). Smaller barriers favor larger spatial extent of the wavefunctions, decreasing the repulsion energy of the con ned electrons. The chemical potential and additional energy was also calculated as function of the number of con ned electrons. It was observed that the chemical potential of Ge quantum dots are always larger than Si ones, but the role of the dielectric matrix is inverted. The chemical potential for HfO2 is larger than for SiO2. With respect to the additional energy, we observed that this quantity strongly oscillates within the range 0 to 0.4 eV for cases. If one takes into account that the Coulomb blockade phenomena is only observed for additional energies much larger the thermal enegy (of the order of 3=2kBT), this phenomena can only be observed for the case where there are only a few electrons con ned in the quantum dots. / Este trabalho dedica-se ao estudo das propriedades eletrônicas de pontos quânticos semicondutores contendo muitos el etrons con nados. Em particular, ser~ao investigados pontos quânticos de Si e Ge imersos em matrizes diel etricas (SiO2 e HfO2). O m etodo te orico utilizado para calcular a energia total de um sistema de N el etrons con nados baseia-se numa vers~ao simpli cada do m etodo de Hartree-Fock. Neste modelo a energia total e calculada a partir das fun ções de onda e estados de energia de uma unica part cula. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a energia total em pontos quânticos de Ge s~ao em geral maiores que em pontos quânticos de Si, independentemente do n umero de el etrons con nados. Isto acontece devido a massa efetiva menor dos el etrons no Ge que aumentam as energia de con namento. Em rela ção ao papel das barreiras diel etricas, a energia total e sempre maior nos casos em que o ponto quântico est a envolvido por SiO2. Fisicamente, isto se deve ao fato de que a barreira de con namento do SiO2 (3.2 eV) e maior que a do HfO2 (1.5 eV). Barreiras mais baixas favorecem o aumento da extensão espacial das funções de onda, reduzindo a repulsão coulombiana dos el etrons con nados. Calculouse tamb em o potencial quí mico dos pontos quânticos em fun ção do n umero de el etrons con nados, e a energia adicional necess aria para aprisionar mais um el etron nos pontos quânticos. Veri cou-se que o potencial qu mico dos pontos quânticos de Ge são sempre maiores que nos de Si, por em o potencial qu mico para pontos quânticos envoltos em HfO2 são sempre maiores que no caso do SiO2. Em relação a energia adicional, observa-se que esta quantidade apresenta fortes oscilações e que varia entre 0 e 0.4 eV para todos os casos estudados. Se levarmos em conta que o fenômeno conhecido como bloqueio de Coulomb acontece quando a energia adicional e muito maior que a energia t ermica (da ordem de 3=2kBT), este fenômeno s o ser a observado quando houver poucos el etrons con nados nos pontos quânticos.

nÃo hà / Este trabalho dedica-se ao estudo das propriedades eletrÃnicas de pontos quÃnticos semicondutores contendo muitos elÃtrons confinados. Em particular, serÃo investigados semicondutores contendo muitos elÃtrons confinados. Em particular, serÃo investigados pontos quÃnticos de Si e Ge imersos em matrizes dielÃtricas (SiO2 e HfO2). O mÃtodo teÃrico utilizado para calcular a energia total de um sistema de N elÃtrons confinados baseia-se numa versÃo simplificada do mÃtodo de Hartree-Fock. Neste modelo a energia total e calculada a partir das funÃÃes de onda e estados de energia de uma Ãnica partÃcula Os resultados obtidos mostram que a energia total em pontos quÃnticos de Ge sÃo em geral maiores que em pontos quÃnticos de Si, independentemente do nÃmero de elÃtrons confinados. Isto acontece devido a massa efetiva menor dos elÃtrons no Ge que aumentam as energia de confinamento. Em relaÃÃo ao papel das barreiras dielÃtricas, a energia total à sempre maior nos casos em que o ponto quÃntico està envolvido por SiO2. Fisicamente, isto se deve ao fato de que a barreira de confinamento do SiO2 (3.2 eV) à maior que a do HfO2 (1.5 eV). Barreiras mais baixas favorecem o aumento da extensÃo espacial das funÃÃes de onda, reduzindo a repulsÃo coulombiana dos elÃtrons confinados. Calculou se tambÃm o potencial quÃmico dos pontos quÃnticos em funÃÃo do nÃmero de elÃtrons confinados, e a energia adicional necessÃria para aprisionar mais um elÃtron nos pontos quÃnticos. Verificou-se que o potencial quÃmico dos pontos quÃnticos de Ge sÃo sempre maiores que nos de Si, por em o potencial quÃmico para pontos quÃnticos envoltos em HfO2 sÃo sempre maiores que no caso do SiO2. Em relaÃÃo a energia adicional, observa-se que esta quantidade apresenta fortes oscilaÃÃes e que varia entre 0 e 0.4 eV para todos os casos estudados. Se levarmos em conta que o fenÃmeno conhecido como bloqueio de Coulomb acontece quando a energia adicional à muito maior que a energia tÃrmica (da ordem de 3=2kBT), este fenÃmeno sÃo serà observado quando houver poucos elÃtrons confinados nos pontos quÃnticos. / This work investigates the electronic properties of semiconductor quantum dots in which there are many electrons confined. In particular, we study Si and Ge quantum dots embedded in dielectric matrices (SiO2 e HfO2). The theoretical method used to calculate the total energy of N electrons confined in quantum dots is based on a simplified version of the Hartree-Fock method. In this model, the total energy is obtained from single-particle wavefunctions and eigen-energies. The obtained results show that the total energy in Ge quantum dots are always larger than in Si ones. The reason is the smaller electron e effective mass in Ge, which raises the energies of the confined states. As for the role of the dielectric matrix, the total energy is always larger for SiO2 than for HfO2. Physically, this e effect is caused by the fact that SiO2 has larger confinement barriers (3.2 eV) than HfO2(1.5 eV). Smaller barriers favor larger spatial extent of the wavefunctions, decreasing the repulsion energy of the confined electrons. The chemical potential and additional energy was also calculated as function of the number of confined electrons. It was observed that the chemical potential of Ge quantum dots are always larger than Si ones, but the role of the dielectric matrix is inverted. The chemical potential for HfO2 is larger than for SiO2. With respect to the additional energy, we observed that this quantity strongly oscillates within the range 0 to 0.4 eV for cases. If one takes into account that the Coulomb blockade phenomena is only observed for additional energies much larger the thermal energy (of the order of 3/2kBT), this phenomena can only be observed for the case where there are only a few electrons confined in the quantum dots.

Taste is one of the crucial factors that contributes to shaping eating behaviors and is also one of the leading reasons that affects our preferences to like or dislike some foods that mainly have a bitter taste. Variation in bitter phenotype (tasters and non-tasters) could influence diet quality and in turn body weight, which overall influenced health outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify whether bitter taste phenotype status influences anthropometric measurements, body fat percentage, and eating behaviors (liking and intake) in female college students. In this cross-sectional study (n = 86), female college students aged 18 to 22 from Mississippi State University were classified into one of two groups (taster or non-taster) by means of a taste test of filter paper saturated with the bitter compound 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). Adiposity was measured using anthropometric measurements and body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A food liking survey was administrated to identify how much participants liked or disliked various foods and beverages. Dietary intake of total energy intake, macronutrients, fruits, and vegetables were evaluated using the NIH Diet History Questionnaire. Bitter phenotype status was not significantly associated with adiposity indicators; however, it was associated with food liking scores for foods that have bitter and umami tastes such as kale and mushrooms. Additionally, bitter phenotype was associated with dietary intake for total fruits and vitamin C intakes. Ethnic background was the strongest independent variable that was significantly correlated with adiposity indicators and food liking. These results suggested that while bitter taste phenotype may influence eating behaviors in certain foods, it does not affect adiposity indicators and body fat percentage.

En mängd olika faktorer har visat sig påverka smakperceptionen. Ålder, fetma och den mikrobiellamiljön i munhålan är bara några exempel på omständigheter som kan resultera i smak-skillnader.Denna litteraturstudie syftar till att översiktligt granska de mekanismer som är involverade i munnenssmakuppfattning samt andra smakpåverkande faktorer såsom sjukdomar, kostvanor och oralametaboliter för att sedan utvärdera om samband existerar mellan dessa. Metabolismen som utförs avmikrober i saliv och tungfilm diskuteras också som potentiella variabler i smakuppfattningen, baseratpå att en adaption (smak-anpassning) i munhålan kan orsaka lägre detektionströsklar. Studienpresenterar smakförstärkarna miraculin och curculin, då dessa har en förmåga att förstärka sötasmaker genom modulering av smakreceptorerna. Alla dessa processer i munhålan är avgörande för attförstå komplexiteten i individers smakuppfattning. Den mikrobiella aktiviteten i munnen tyckspåverka smakperceptionen, därför uppmuntras ytterligare studier kring oral mikroflora och smak föratt vidare utvärdera dess korrelation. Insamlad information kan vara av relevans för biotekniskaändamål eller sensoriska tester. / Many different factors have been shown to influence taste perception. Age, obesity, olfactoryresponses, sensitivity to the chemical 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP-sensitivity), and even the microbialcomposition of the oral cavity are just a few examples of circumstances related to taste differences.This literature review aims to briefly assess taste transduction mechanisms and other taste-affectingfactors such as disease, dietary patterns, and oral metabolites to evaluate if correlations exist. Themetabolites made by microbes present in saliva and tongue film are also being discussed as variablesin the subjectiveness of taste, suggesting that adaptation in the oral cavity is causing lower detectionthresholds for specific tastes. A section presenting flavor-enhancers exemplifies the ability ofparticular proteins to amplify sweet tastes through the modulation of sweet receptors. Excludingolfactory responses, these in-mouth processes are crucial to understanding the complexity of flavor.Microbial activity in the mouth appears to play a role in the individuality of taste. Since this is anemerging area of research, future studies will help identify and characterize the connections betweentaste and oral microbiota. Assembled information in this review could also be relevant forbiotechnical purposes or sensory tests.