Anotation The main topic of my graduation theses is cooperative learning. Understanding of cooperative learning's system and art of its application in practice is the main intention of my work. The graduation theses incudes two parts - theoretic part and practical part. The theoretic part deals with theory of cooperative learning and its use in the Bohemian schools. The practical part checks theoretic opinions and it focuses on research domain "The influence of cooperation on teaching's processes and results of learning." by means of the research methods of questioning, observation methods and experimenting.

Vi har i examensarbete sammanställt rapporter, information, material och erfarenhet som Trafikverket har samlat på sig. Vi har i samband med nybyggnationen av trafikplats Rosersberg som mål att kartlägga händelseförloppet vid påträffande av arsenik. Dessa uppgifter kommer från alla de involverade parterna som konsulter, entreprenör, geologer, mm. Även Sigtuna kommuns beslut kring omhändertagandet med avseendet på ”Miljö och Hälsa” kommer att studeras. T. ex Verkaån som ligger i kommunen har en central betydelse. Detta kommer också att bli en stor del utav utredningsarbetet då själva anmälningshantering och beslutsprocessen omfattar en stor del av det kritiska momentet gällande tidsförlängningen av produktion. Syftet här är att reda ut de ansvarsrollernas klargörande och om beslutsprocessen möjligen kan ske på ett effektivare sätt. Även bringa klarhet kring samordningen av vägproduktionen och hur det har samverkats följt av djupare analys kring omhändertagandet av arsenik. Merkostnaden för förekomsten av arsenik uppgick till över 30 mnkr och en stor mängd ändrings- och tilläggsarbeten (ÄTA) utav de sammanlagda kring 200 uppkom som en påföljd. Produktionen förlängdes med nio och en halv månad då behovet utav hantering av grundvattnet, jord- och bergmassor var ett faktum för att produktionen skulle fortgå. Utöver instudering av insamlat material kommer vi att intervjua de inblandade och vi räknar med att få in kompletterande uppgifter som hjälper oss in i utredningen. Detta leder oss vidare i utredningen vilken omfattning förekomsten av arsenik har påverkat produktionen i avseendet tid och kostnad. Problemställningen som vi ämnar söka svar på: • Identifiera förekomsten av naturlig arsenik och dess påverkan vid produktion • Identifiera brister som uppstod innan störning i produktionen uppkom • Minska uppkommen störning i produktion • Korrigera avvikelsen i planerat förlopp och sedan styra in verksamheten mot slutmålet / We have of this thesis compiled reports, information, materials and experience that the Swedish Transport Administration has gathered, associated with the rebuilding of the interchange Rosersberg, we aim to identify the sequence of events in the discovery of arsenic. These data come from all the involved parties such as consultants, contractors, geologists, etc. And also decisions making from Sigtuna municipality, about the care and with respect to "Environment and Health" will be studied. For example Verkaån located in the municipality will be centralized in our work. This will also be a big part out investigation work, then the notification management and decision-making encompasses a big part of the critical moment regarding extension of time of production. The purpose here is to clarify the responsibility, commitment and if it possibly can be done more efficiently. The additional cost for the presence of arsenic was over 30 million SEK and a great amount of alterations and additional work (ÄTA) out of the total of around 200 was ocurred as a penalty. The production was extended for nine and a half months since the need of overall management of groundwater, soil and rock masses had to be taken care of before production would continue. This case study will let us understanding the coordination of road production and how it has been collaborated followed by in-depth analysis about the disposal of arsenic. In addition to studies of the gathered information regarding Rosersberg, we will also be interviewing those involved and expects to obtain additional information that will help us in the investigation. This leads us to the investigation to what extent the presence of arsenic has affected production in respect of time and cost. The following problems that we intend to seek answers to: • Identify the presence of natural arsenic and its impact on production • Identify deficiencies that arose before the disruption in production occurred • Reduce the resulting disruption in production • Correct the error in the planned course and then steer the organization towards its final aim

<p>U radu su definisane teorijske postavke povezivanja koncepata otvorenog i zatvorenog sveta u jedinstven sistem za rukovanje bazom podataka u režimu otvorenog, zatvorenog i otvorenog/zatvorenog sveta. Opisan je konkretan programski sistem BASELOG, koji je razvijen na datim teoretskim postavkama. Opisan je postupak projektovanja baza podataka u oblasti obrazovnog softvera, koji je zasnovan na BASELOG-sistemu.</p> / <p>In this work theoretical bases of connecting concept open and closed world in one data base management system which works through open, closed and open/closed world are defined. BASELOG-program system is descripted and developed on given theoretical bases. There is also descripted process of data base projecting in the field of education software which is based on BASELOG-system.</p>

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-08-11T20:18:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 09e.pdf: 16235259 bytes, checksum: f4c7848215dc310dfc2432c167298610 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-11T20:18:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09e.pdf: 16235259 bytes, checksum: f4c7848215dc310dfc2432c167298610 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / Nenhuma / A presente tese parte do conceito de Metrópole Comunicacional, proposto por Massimo Canevacci, conectando-o aos estudos de Lev Manovich, que explicitam uma crescente influência do software em nossa sociedade. Com estes dois pilares, esta pesquisa objetiva compreender a concepção de uma metrópole comunicacional softwarizada que emerge do uso de aplicativos para dispositivos móveis de comunicação (os smartphones). Essas mídias móveis tornaram-se parte essencial deste trabalho por proporcionarem mobilidade ao usuário que circula pelos espaços físicos, promovendo uma maior interação com o contexto territorial e ocasionando novas dinâmicas de comunicação e convívio. Dados referenciados no interior desta tese nos levam a crer que em pouco tempo praticamente todos os aparelhos de telefonia móvel serão smartphones, fato este que reconfigurará de vez as práticas urbanas estabelecidas. Além das características comunicacionais que carrega, a metrópole observada é também interpretada como um ambiente criativo, projetual, audiovisual e softwarizado, que recebe interferências de outras áreas do conhecimento, como o design. Neste contexto, um conjunto de aplicativos para dispositivos móveis (os apps) que exploram questões urbanas surge como um instrumento contemporâneo que conversa de diferentes formas com esta múltipla metrópole, desde a concepção de suas práticas até as mutações culturais que ocasionam. Para responder aos questionamentos desta pesquisa e identificar as transformações decorridas, fez-se uso do personagem flâneur, de Walter Benjamin, como recurso metodológico que ocasionou a definição e análise de 15 fragmentos contextuais extraídos da metrópole observada nos apps e em suas imagens. O cruzamento destes fragmentos destacou particularidades e dinâmicas que atualizaram o entendimento de Metrópole Comunicacional, interpretando-a como uma combinação entre suas ruas, avenidas e as dinâmicas ocasionadas pelos apps sobre elas, tal como acontece entre selfies e paisagens urbanas, entre check-ins e benefícios ganhos, entre a smarphonização que se instaura e a falta de sinal Wi-Fi predominante, uma mistura entre perder-se e não perder-se jamais, entre a cultura digital e os processos midiáticos, entre modelos, hábitos e experiências vividas, entre criatividade e projeto, entre vozes, meios e mensagens, entre compartilhamentos e dispositivos, ou ainda, uma composição entre os próprios aplicativos móveis e a metrópole comunicacional com que interagem. / This dissertation has as its starting point the concept of Comunicational Metropolis proposed by Massimo Canevacci, establishing a connection with the research of Lev Manovich, which explains an increasing influence of software in our society. Thus, taking these two pillars as a foundation, this research aims to understand the concept of a communicational metropolis that is emerging from the use of applications for mobile communication devices (smartphones). Mobile media has become a key part of this work since they provide mobility to the user who moves around physical spaces, promoting greater interaction with the local context and causing new communication and social dynamics. Data referenced within this thesis indicate that in a short period of time, almost all mobile handsets will be smartphones and will reconfigure once and for all the existing social practices. However, the metropolis observed in this study overcomes the communicational framework proposed, since it is also a creative, projectual, audiovisual and softwarized environment. In this context, a set of mobile applications exploring urban issues arise as a contemporary tool. In different ways, this tool dialogues with the multiple metropolis, from the design practices that daily occur in it, to the cultural transformations generated by this tool. In order to answer the research questions and to identify the changes that happened, Walter Benjamin’s character flâneur was used as a methodological resource that gave rise to the construction and analysis of 15 fragments extracted from a digital communicational metropolis observed through popular apps and its images. The intersection of these fragments highlighted peculiarities and dynamics that updated the understanding of a Communicational Metropolis, structuring it as a combination of its streets, avenues and dynamics caused by the apps. A combination of selfies and urban landscapes; check-ins and earned benefits; the established ‘smarphonization’ and the lack of predominant WiFi signal; getting lost and not ever getting lost; digital culture and media processes; models, habits and experiences; creativity and design; voices, media and messages; shares and devices; that is, a composition of mobile applications themselves and the communicational metropolis which they interact with.

The presented masters’s thesis deals with the design of a new production hall for the metalworking and with the proposal of a facility for the powder coating in the company Kovo Poláček in Nesvačilka. The solution is preceded by a literature search of the designing and explanation of some basic concepts in the subject matter. The part of this thesis is an analysis of the current situation of the company including an analysis of its internal and external environment affecting the company. The result of this thesis is the creation of the layout with respect to safety and ergonomics, verified by the calculation of capacity for a typical product, as well as an economic evaluation of the investment.

Med BIM- (Building Information Modeling) är målet att effektivisera anläggningsbranschen i Sverige. För att BIM ska uppfylla dessa mål och generera maximal lönsamhet måste arbetsmetodiken anpassas därtill.  VDC – Viritual Design and Construction, är en koordinerad projektmetodik där BIM tillämpas på organisation, process och produkt. Hur denna metodik, VDC, ska utnyttjas och användas för att generera så stor lönsamhet som möjligt är en intressant och komplex fråga. Det är därför av stor vikt att ha en förståelse för de olika delarna i metoden, och hur de samverkar med varandra. Studiens syfte är att med utgångspunkt i VDC-Scorecard undersöka vad som kan mätas i denna metod för att få fram ett mått på arbetets effektivitet. Genom att anpassa VDC-Scorecard till projekteringsskedet i anläggningsbranschen och sedan konvertera det, ska arbetets effektivitet i uppdrag hos Sweco Civil kunna mätas.  Studien behandlar forskning kring VDC- Scorecard, vilken kopplas samman med en fallstudie över VDC- arbetet på Sweco. Resultatet av studien visar på delar som konsultföretaget kan påverka för att effektivisera sitt arbete och därför är relevanta att mäta. Resultatet visar även på vad man kan mäta under delarna samt vilka samband som finns dem emellan. Detta sammanställs i VDC- Metrics. “Measurement is the first step that leads to control and eventually to improvement. If you can´t measure something, you can´t understand it. If you can´t understand it, you can´t control it. If you can´t control it, you can´t improve it.” – H. James Harrington / Is BIM- (Building Information Modeling) used in the most efficient and practical way in the infrastructure industry today? The difficulty in implementing BIM as a method throughout the process and organization in an industry that always relied on its traditions is one of the main subjects of the Swedish Transport Administration. Therefore they have elaborated a long-term plan with a primer objective that in the year 2015 have established a requirement that there future project shall require a certain involvement of BIM. What if there was a measurement tool that could evaluate all the aspects of a project using BIM as a tool and then compare it to other projects in purpose to value where in the organization, technology and process things could have been better. Wouldn’t the process and all aspects of it evolve a lot faster if conclusions could be drawn of the up- and downsides on earlier projects and experiences could be gained from other practices? In USA such a tool has been developed and named the VDC- (Virtual Design and Construction) Scorecard which was created by researchers working for CIFE (Center for Integrated Engineering) in Stanford University. With grander influence as a helping tool for that industry it´s in the authors interests to create a similar tool, but different in the way that it would be adapted to a particular part of the process; the projecting. This could later on be in great use for the consultant company to who the authors are collaborating with. The objective must be to create a measurement tool that in a neutral manner can value both the project in general and the importance of each aspect. By study how the VDC Scorecard was built and immerse into the general projecting process of infrastructure projects a fundament for this measurement tool will be built.

Bakgrund: Byggbranschen i Sverige är kluven. Behovet av bostadsbygge är stort men produktionen räcker inte till. Många faktorer påverkar produktionen av nya fastigheter. En av de mest väsentliga faktorerna till byggbranschens otillräckliga produktionsmöjligheter är branschens egna utveckling. Branschens utveckling har i stort sett varit stagnant i flera årtionden. Detta fram tills detta årtusende då digitaliseringen även har gjort entré inom byggsektorn. Flera digitala verktyg och arbetsmetoder har utvecklats för att effektivisera branschen. Bland de mest prominenta verktyg som gjort intåg på marknaden är BIM, building information modeling, byggnadsinformationsmodellering. Från att ha arbetat med fysiska ritningar har nu aktörer som projektörer och projektledare tillgång till digitala bygghandlingar. Bygghandlingar som innehåller betydligt mycket mer information som geometrisk och mängd baserad information kopplad till olika byggnadsdelar. BIM-modeller är i allra högsta grad en kraftigt bidragande faktor till både ökad effektivisering och digitalisering av branschen. Syfte: Med detta examensarbete önskar vi identifiera konkreta användningsområden för BIM-modeller samt hur de används i branschen idag. Vi ämnar även identifiera förbättringsmöjligheter för användningen och implementeringen av BIM-modeller samt få svar på vilka utmaningar implementeringen och nyttjande av BIM-modeller i byggproduktionen står inför. Metod: Till denna studie har djupintervjuer, egna observationer samt insamling av tidigare publicerad empiriska data utgjort grunden för metodval. De djupintervjuer som genomförts harv arit med för arbetet högaktuella personer inom arbetslivet. Dessa djupintervjuer har gett oss en högaktuell nulägesbild av användandet av BIM-modeller. Slutsatser: Digitaliseringen av byggbranschen medför stora förändringar i byggprocessen. Implementeringen av digitala verktyg och program har varit enorma steg för branschens utveckling. Arbetsmetoderna för varje steg i byggprocessen har utvecklats betydligt, och metoderna optimeras och effektiviseras konstant. BIMs inflytande på hur ett projekt genomförs, från start till slut, har otvivelaktigt förbättrat byggindustrin och möjligheterna med BIM innebär en fortsatt vidareutveckling. / Background: The construction industry in Sweden is divided. The need for housing construction is great, but the current production is insufficient. Many factors are affecting the production of new properties, both commercial and private. One of the most significant factors in the construction industry's insufficient production opportunities is the industry's own development. The development of the industry has largely been stagnant for several decades. This has been ongoing until this millenium, when digitalisation has also made an entrance in the construction sector. Several digital tools and working methods have been developed to streamline the industry. Among the most prominent tools that have entered the market are BIM, building information modeling. From having worked with physical blueprints and drawings, actors such as planners and project managers now have access to digital construction documents. Construction documents that contain much more information such as geometric and quantity of based information linked to different building parts. BIM models are to a very high degree a major contributing factor to both increased efficiency and digitalisation of the industry. Purpose: With this thesis, we want to identify concrete areas of use for BIM models and how they are used in the industry today. We also intend to identify opportunities to improve the use and implementation of BIM models and get answers to what challenges the implementation and practice of BIM models the production faces. Method: For this study, in-depth interviews, own observations and gathering of previously published empirical data have formed the basis for method choices. The in-depth interviews that have been conducted have involved highly relevant people who use BIM in their working life. These in-depth interviews have given us a highly up-to-date picture of what the use of BIM models mean and look like. Conclusion: The digitalisation of the construction industry entails major changes in the construction process. The implementation of digital tools and programs has been a huge step in the industry's development. The working methods for each step in the construction process have developed significantly, and the methods are constantly optimized and streamlined. BIM's influence on how a project is carried out, from start to finish, has undoubtedly improved the construction industry and the possibilities with BIM undoubtedly mean a further development.

I hela landet expanderas städerna alltmer till följd av ökad befolkningsmängd. Utvecklingen gerupphov till bostadsbrist och kräver större och modernare infrastruktur i städerna. Markytan behöverdå utnyttjas för etablering av ny infrastruktur och nya bostäder. Då markytan redan är begränsaduppstår ett dilemma i detta sammanhang. Vad ska prioriteras, produktionen av bostäder ellerutveckling av infrastruktur? Ett förslag på lösning till det avsedda problemet är att bostadsbristen kan täckas av ett specifiktkoncept där bostadsproduktionen inte kräver arbete på den begränsade markytan. Lösningen kallaspåbyggnad och innebär byggnation ovanför en befintlig byggnad. Man utnyttjar det fria utrymmetovanför byggnaden istället för att bygga i sidled - tillbyggnad - dvs. byggnation på marken. Detta examensarbete utgör en fallstudie om förtätning av befintliga höghus mha. påbyggnad. Specifiktprojekteringsskedet i byggprocessen för påbyggnad behandlas. I projekteringsskedet utreds bl.a.ämnena geoteknik, stadsplanering, arkitektur, miljö och konstruktionsteknik. Dessa ämnen studeras idenna fallstudie. Avsikten med forskningen är att mha. dessa utredda ämnen, klargöra varförpåbyggnad kan lösa urbana omständigheter som rådande bostadsbrist.Denna fallstudie är baserad på kvalitativ forskning. Insamling av vetenskapligt stoff har skett genombåde litteratursökning och webbaserad sökning. / Throughout Sweden, the cities expand due to increased population. The expansion causes housing shortage and the need for larger infrastructure especially in larger cities where the ground surface is more limited and restricted. These circumstances cause a dilemma as to whether the establishment of new infrastructure or new residential apartments should be prioritized, basically the establishment of new infrastructure vs. the establishment of new residential apartments.   A suggestion of a solution for this case is vertical building extension implying to build above an existing building without any utilization of the ground surface being required or needed. The empty space above an existing building, whether it is a high rise building or a single-family house, is being turned to advantage for expansion of the floor area.  This concept is an alternative to horizontal building extension. Unlike vertical building extension, it requires utilization of the ground surface and is therefore not suitable for this case. This thesis constitutes a case study covering the projecting phase in the building process of vertical building extension of storeys on existing high-rise buildings located in large cities such as Stockholm. Vertical building extension is presented as a solution for densification of large cities. There are several subjects which are investigated in the projecting phase. Architecture, urban planning, geotechnics, building construction and sustainability are a few of the subjects and these are specifically investigated in this case study.  The aim with this paper is through the mentioned investigation, to clarify why vertical building extension could be a solution for urban circumstances like housing shortage. This case study is based on qualitative research. Collection of scientific information has been done through both literature research and online research.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JanainaSB.pdf: 2453259 bytes, checksum: d4ce3e2bc8b59c2bee9fa61810a98832 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The thalamus plays an important role in the sensorial processing information, in this particular case, the visual information. Several neuronal groups have been characterized as conductors and processors of important sensorial information to the cerebral cortex. The lateral geniculate complex is one to them, and appears as a group very studied once it is responsible, in almost all totality, for the processing of visual information. Among the nuclei that constitute the lateral geniculate complex we highlight the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (DLG), the main thalamic relay for the visual information. This nucleus is located rostral and lateral to medial geniculate nucleus and ventral to thalamic pulvinar nucleus in most of the mammals. In the primates humans and non-humans, it presents as a laminate structure, arranged in layers, when observed in coronal sections. The objective of this work was to do a mapping of the retinal projections and a citoarchictetonic and neurochemical characterization of DLG in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World primate. The retinal projections were traced by anterograde transport of subunit b of cholera toxin (CTb), the citoarchicteture was described by Nissl method, and to neurochemical characterization immunohistochemicals technical were used to examine the main neurotransmitters and neuroatives substances present in this neural center. In DGL of marmoset thalamus, in coronal sections labeled by Nissl method, was possible to visualize the division of this nucleus in four layers divided in two portions: magnocellular and parvocellular. The retinal projections were present being visualized fibers and terminals immunorreactives to CTb (IR-CTb) in the DLG ipsilateral and contralateral. And through the immunohistochemicals techniques was observed that DLG contain cells, fibers and/or terminals immunoreactives against neuronal nuclear protein, subunits of AMPA 15 glutamate receptors (GluR1, GluR2/3, GluR4), choline acetyltransferase, serotonin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, binding calcium proteins (calbindin, parvalbumin and calretinin), vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and an astrocyte protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein. / O t?lamo exerce um importante papel no processamento de informa??es sensoriais, em particular, a informa??o visual. V?rios grupos neuronais j? foram caracterizados como condutores e processadores de informa??es sensoriais importantes para o c?rtex cerebral. O complexo geniculado lateral ? um deles e aparece como um grupo muito estudado uma vez que ? respons?vel, em quase toda sua totalidade, pelo processamento de informa??o visual. Entre os n?cleos que constituem o complexo geniculado lateral destacamos o n?cleo geniculado lateral dorsal do t?lamo (GLD), o principal rel? tal?mico para as informa??es visuais. Este n?cleo se localiza rostral e lateral ao n?cleo geniculado medial e ventral ao n?cleo pulvinar do t?lamo na maioria dos mam?feros. Nos primatas humanos e n?o humanos, apresenta-se como uma estrutura laminar, disposto em camadas, quando observada em sec??es coronais. O objetivo neste trabalho foi fazer um mapeamento da proje??o retiniana e uma caracteriza??o citoarquitet?nica e neuroqu?mica do GLD no Callithrix jacchus (sag?i), um primata do Novo Mundo. As proje??es retinianas foram tra?adas por transporte anter?grado da subunidade B da toxina col?rica (CTb), a citoarquitetura foi descrita atrav?s do m?todo de Nissl, e para a caracteriza??o neuroqu?mica t?cnicas imunoistoqu?micas foram utilizadas para examinar os principais neurotransmissores e subst?ncias neuroativas presentes neste centro neural. No GLD do t?lamo do sag?i, nas sec??es coronais coradas pelo m?todo de Nissl, foi poss?vel visualizar a divis?o desse n?cleo em quatro camadas dividas em duas por??es: magnocelular e parvocelular. As proje??es retinianas estavam presentes visualizando-se fibras e terminais imunorreativos a CTb (CTb- IR) no GLD ipsolateral e contralateral. E atrav?s das t?cnicas imunoistoqu?micas observou-se que o GLD cont?m c?lulas, fibras e/ou terminais 13 imunorreativos a prote?na nuclear neuronal, subunidades dos receptores AMPA de glutamato (GluR1, GluR2/3, GluR4), colina acetiltransferase, serotonina, descarboxilase do ?cido glut?mico, prote?nas ligantes de c?lcio (calbindina, calretinina e parvalbumina), vasopressina, polipept?deo intestinal vasoativo, e uma prote?na astrocit?ria, prote?na ac?dica fibrilar glial.

The text of the Bible projects for its readers a Biblical-textual world. Christians live within the seminal, normative contours of this symbolic Biblical world. In this regard, a Ricoeurian hermeneutics presents a helpful apparatus to the reader of the Biblical text. In his hermeneutical studies, Ricoeur organises his considerations around four poles that operate as guidelines for this study – distanciation, objectification, projecting of a world and appropriation. In this thesis each of these considerations is applied to Proverbs 10:1–15:33 to facilitate an exploration of the symbolic-textual world projected for the reader in this literature. It is the thesis of the study that the proposed reading strategy is, in terms of the threefold movement within postmodern thought – the movements beyond foundations, beyond totalities and towards the Other – a most productive effort. When this reading strategy is utilised for Proverbs 10:1–15:33, with specific reference to the fear of the Lord, the concept of the fear of the Lord is found to have a functional definition within this collection rather than an ontological or theoretical one. With this approach, the fear of Yahweh-proverbs in Proverbs 10:1–15:33 are understood not to be dogmatised, absolute, universal truths but finds, in line with the movement beyond totalities, its authority in the context within which it is applied. Instead of communicating propositional content, which is in line with the movement beyond foundations within postmodern thought, by their power to disclose a symbolic world, it confronts the reader with the Other, in line with the movement toward the Other, and consequently opens up new modes of being, orienting the reader’s practical actions. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2013 / Old Testament Studies / unrestricted