Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 360607 bytes, checksum: 0b6b2f93f9d744607fb079c4f100db1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research has legal and sociological therefore proposes to investigate the effectiveness of the doctrine of full protection in combating violence against children and adolescents using the educational prospects as an instrument of defense. Considering the violence as a historical - social phenomenon, complex and multifactorial approaches to various forms of violence against children and adolescents, such as physical violence, psychological violence, neglect, sexual abuse and exploitation, and violence and environmental violence stemming from child labor. The objective is to include the new educational perspectives, found in the Brazilian legal system as an instrument of prevention and rehabilitation of children and adolescents. The justification of using the theme being addressed due to the interest of the researcher in seeking solutions to the rampant practice of juvenile violence that plagues so diurnally plague Brazilian society, and specifically the State of Paraíba. As a result it is clear that the international legal provisions and the Brazilian legal system, considering the 1988 Federal Constitution, the Statute of Children and Adolescents, 1990, the Law of Directives and Basis for National Education, Law on Environmental Education, both of 1996, among others, converge on the ideal of integral protection of children and adolescents, as well as the imminent necessity of its effectiveness, especially with regard to legal protection against violence. In this conception, are associated with the ideals of the right of children and adolescents, understanding of mutual social responsibility, with new perspectives found in educational and preventive measures to defend the interests of victimized children and adolescents. / A presente pesquisa possui natureza jurídica e sociológica, pois se propõe a investigar a efetividade da doutrina da proteção integral no combate à violência contra a criança e o adolescente utilizando-se de perspectivas educacionais como instrumento de defesa. Considerando a violência como fenômeno histórico social, complexo e multicausal, aborda-se as diversas formas de violência praticadas contra a criança e o adolescente, tais como: violência física, violência psicológica, negligência, abuso e exploração sexual, bem como a violência ambiental e a violência decorrente do trabalho infanto-juvenil. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em incluir as novas perspectivas educacionais, encontradas no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, como instrumento de prevenção e recuperação da criança e do adolescente. A justificativa do emprego da temática abordada decorre do interesse da pesquisadora em buscar soluções para a desmedida prática de violência infanto-juvenil que, diuturnamente, assola a sociedade brasileira, e especificamente a paraibana. Como resultado é possível constatar que os dispositivos legais internacionais e o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, considerando a Constituição Federal de 1988, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente de 1990, a Lei de Diretrizes e Base da Educação Nacional, a Lei de Educação Ambiental, ambas de 1996, dentre outros; convergem no ideal da proteção integral da criança e do adolescente, bem como na iminente necessidade da sua efetividade, principalmente no que se refere ao amparo legal de combate à violência. Nesta concepção, associam-se os ideais do direito da criança e do adolescente, na compreensão de responsabilidade mútua social, com as novas perspectivas educacionais encontradas nas medidas preventivas e de defesa do interesse das crianças e adolescentes vitimizados.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-21T11:15:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Brice Assis Noronha - 2015.pdf: 2359956 bytes, checksum: a85ead4abe0c7298a2b205bc31710fa8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-21T11:16:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Brice Assis Noronha - 2015.pdf: 2359956 bytes, checksum: a85ead4abe0c7298a2b205bc31710fa8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T11:16:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Brice Assis Noronha - 2015.pdf: 2359956 bytes, checksum: a85ead4abe0c7298a2b205bc31710fa8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-20 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / There is a historical dispute over the appropriation of Machado de Assis and his work in the various critical readings. One such disputes revolves around the notion of localism and universalism. The author is not fruitful because it falls to any approach, but by always fruitful developments that can flourish from and through it. Machado de Assis is an author of this order exactly because the more one studies more possibilities appear and others may be reassessed. It has long been considered an author absent from the things of his country, then found local traits that permeated. Now, at a time of new reconsideration, the dispute is the recognition of its amplitude as a writer. Concerned about making distinct and meaningful literature, Machado de Assis was also attached to the substrate that motivated, and especially attentive to his legacy. We propose to put into perspective Machado issues by conflicting views of Roberto Schwarz and Abel Barros Baptista. Summaries of perspectives: the socio-historical and poststructuralist. The guidelines of this crossroads seem to indicate an effort by modulating the critical activity and object permanence under review. Through frames presented as prospects in action, with a general tone, despite the specificity is expected to be able to group the qualities and the criticism involved in some part of that is cheered up by the writer Machado de Assis: his artistic achievement - literature and Brazil. / Há uma disputa histórica pela apropriação de Machado de Assis e sua obra nas diversas leituras críticas. Uma dessas querelas se dá em torno da noção de localismo e universalismo. O autor é fecundo não porque lhe caiba qualquer abordagem, mas pelos desdobramentos sempre profícuos que podem florescer a partir e através dele. Machado de Assis é um autor dessa ordem exatamente porque quanto mais se estuda mais possibilidades aparecem e outras podem ser reavaliadas. Por muito tempo foi considerado um autor ausente das coisas de seu país, depois se descobriram os traços locais que o permeavam. Agora, em um momento de novas reconsiderações, a disputa é pelo reconhecimento de sua amplitude como literato. Preocupado em fazer literatura distinta e significativa, Machado de Assis também esteve ligado ao substrato que a motivava, e notadamente atento ao seu legado. Propomos colocar em perspectiva questões machadianas pelos pontos de vista conflitivos de Roberto Schwarz e Abel Barros Baptista. Sínteses de perspectivas: a sócio-histórica e a pós-estruturalista. As diretrizes dessa encruzilhada parecem indicar um esforço pela modulação da atividade crítica e a permanência do objeto em análise. Por meio de quadros apresentados como perspectivas em ação, com um tom de generalidade, apesar da especificidade, espera-se poder agrupar as qualidades e as críticas envolvidas em alguma parte do que está animado pelo escritor Machado de Assis: sua realização artística – a literatura e o Brasil.

The thesis deals with the current trends in the Czech-Chinese trade relations. The first chapter deals with the development of the Chinese economy in the new millennium after its entry into the WTO, through dealing with the consequences of the economic crisis to Chinese priorities and objectives within the current 12th five-year plan. The second chapter describes the development of mutual Czech-Chinese trade in goods and services from the beginning of the 21st century, including the current situation. In the third part, the thesis informs the potential Czech enterprises about the business environment of the PRC, its perspective sectors and regions, the Czech institutional support or possible forms of entry to the Chinese market. In the practical part, the thesis analyzes the business of the Czech company Linet in the People's Republic of China, whose experiences are compared with the theoretical work. The end of the third chapter deals with the prospects for mutual business relations between the Czech Republic and the PRC, which the author of the thesis sees mainly at EU or Central and Eastern Europe macro-region level.

Detta arbete har tagit upp ämnen som rörelsemönster, resvanor samt olika reserutiner och hur de har, eller inte har, förändrats under pandemin och det har även diskuterats huruvida detta potentiellt har inneburit några lättnader i miljöpåverkan från denna sektor. Genom insamlad data som delgivits av kommunen och lokaltrafiken, samt en genomförd enkät, har det visat sig att det har skett omfattande förändringar i rörelsemönstren. Det handlar bland annat om att fordonstrafiken och användningen av kollektivtrafiken minskade kraftigt och andelen cyklister ökade, samt att den genomsnittliga körsträckan per vecka per person nästintill halverades och likaså sågs en påtaglig skillnad i antalet flygresor genomförda under pandemin. Slutligen diskuteras framtiden efter Covid-19 när restriktioner och liknande tagits bort, och även om det är svårt, om inte omöjligt, att sia och diskutera framtiden baserat på data har pandemin troligen haft en mer bestående påverkan hos flera personer än hos andra, där det snarare istället finns en hunger och nästan ingen rädsla alls förknippad med att gå tillbaka till ”gamla vanor”. Vidare studier behövs för att kunna dra några slutsatser om långtidseffekter. / This project addresses subjects such as movement- and travel patterns, routines in travel and traveling behavior, with the aim of investigating and determining whether or not there has been a change in these during the pandemic due to restrictions and also if this may or may not have meant any reliefs in environmental impact. Through collected data given in a collaboration by the local municipality offices and local public transport company, and also by performing a survey, it has been shown that there have been comprehensive changes in peoples movement- and travel patterns and ways of traveling. It includes among other things that the vehicle traffic amount has reduced, and the use of public transport has been considerably reduced followed by an increase in traveling by bike. In total the average travel distance by car per person and week reduced by almost 50 percent and also air travel saw a heavily decrease in use during the pandemic. Lastly the future after the Covid-19-pandemic when restrictions and such are going to be removed where discussed and also issued in the survey. Even if it is hard, almost impossible, to prophesy or predict the future based of collected data it has been shown through the respondent’s answers and motivations in the matter that the pandemic most likely has affected people with a more lasting impact that will partly carry on for some time after the pandemics end. That does not imply on all people, some are very eager and express a hunger to go back to “old routines” and travel more. Further research has to be done to conclude any longtime affects.

No description available.

Ежегодно событийный туризм в столице Урала привлекает все больше туристов отечественных и зарубежных, проводится огромное количество мероприятий разного уровня и масштаба. Екатеринбург насыщен туристской инфраструктурой: в городе сконцентрировано большое количество представительств и офисов международных организаций, ведутся работы по повышению его привлекательности для деловых и событийных туристских поездок, идет рост количества бизнес-центров и конференц-залов, площадок для проведения масштабных событий, гостиниц и сопутствующей инфраструктуры, которая постоянно совершенствуется. Самым ярким примером является строительство Конгресс-центра в МВЦ «Екатеринбург-Экспо», который сосредоточил в себе пространство для проведения филармонических концертов, эстрадных и цирковых шоу, деловых и спортивных мероприятий на самом высоком международном уровне. Актуальность темы выражается в необходимости усиления роли и значения событийного рынка Екатеринбурга в качестве одного из наиболее перспективных направлений туризма в Свердловской области, а также, в закреплении позиций для проведения событий международного уровня. Объектом исследования в данной работе является роль событийного туризма Екатеринбурга как часть внутреннего и въездного туризма Свердловской области. Предметом исследования является события, формирующие имидж Екатеринбурга для внешних целевых аудиторий. Целью работы является исследование возможностей событийного туризма в Екатеринбурге для выявления конкурентных преимуществ туристского рынка. Для достижения поставленной цели необходимо решить следующие задачи: 1. Раскрыть сущность событийного туризма, ознакомиться с классификацией; 2. Выявить потенциал для развития данного туризма в Екатеринбурге; 3. Проанализировать туристскую инфраструктуру города для проведения мероприятий; 4. Просмотреть статистику мероприятий, проводимых в Екатеринбурге, за последние два года; 5. Изучить перспективы развития событийного туризма. Структура работы обусловлена предметом, объектом, целью и задачами. Работа состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения и списка литературы. Введение раскрывает актуальность, определяет задачи и методы исследования, раскрывает значимость. Первая глава посвящена описанию сущности событийного туризма и его основных направлений, изучению площадок для проведения мероприятий, отельной базы для принятия гостей. Также, рассматриваются мероприятия, проводимые в Екатеринбурге за последние два года, онлайн-события в связи с пандемией. Во второй главе описываются возможности Екатеринбурга для привлечения туристов, проводится анализ потенциала событийного туризма для продвижения города. В заключении подводятся итоги работы, формируются окончательные выводы по рассматриваемой теме. В Екатеринбурге каждый год проводятся событийные мероприятия различных форм: конгрессы, форумы, выставки, фестивали, саммиты. И все они должны отличаться особой уникальностью, влиять на продвижение туристского потенциала не только города, но и области. Благодаря мероприятиям значительного масштаба, например, Международная ежегодная выставка «Иннопром», в СМИ на областном и федеральном уровне упоминание о городе возрастает в разы, формируется позитивный имидж Екатеринбурга. Следовательно, повышается росту его узнаваемости в России и за рубежом. / Every year, event tourism in the capital of the Urals attracts more and more tourists, domestic and foreign, a huge number of events of various levels and scales are held. Yekaterinburg is saturated with tourist infrastructure: a large number of representative offices and offices of international organizations are concentrated in the city, work is underway to increase its attractiveness for business and event tourist trips, there is an increase in the number of business centers and conference halls, venues for large-scale events, hotels and related infrastructure , which is constantly being improved. The most striking example is the construction of the Congress Center at the Ekaterinburg-Expo IEC, which has concentrated the space for holding philharmonic concerts, variety and circus shows, business and sports events at the highest international level. The relevance of the topic is expressed in the need to strengthen the role and significance of the event market in Yekaterinburg as one of the most promising areas of tourism in the Sverdlovsk region, as well as in consolidating the position for holding events of the international level. The object of research in this work is the role of event tourism in Yekaterinburg as a part of domestic and inbound tourism of the Sverdlovsk region. The subject of the research is the events that form the image of Yekaterinburg for external target audiences. The aim of the work is to study the possibilities of event tourism in Yekaterinburg to identify the competitive advantages of the tourism market. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: 1. To reveal the essence of event tourism, get acquainted with the classification; 2. To identify the potential for the development of this tourism in Yekaterinburg; 3. Analyze the tourist infrastructure of the city for events; 4. View statistics of events held in Yekaterinburg for the last two years; 5. To study the prospects for the development of event tourism. The structure of the work is determined by the subject, object, purpose and objectives. The work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion and a bibliography. The introduction reveals the relevance, defines the tasks and methods of research, reveals the significance. The first chapter is devoted to the description of the essence of event tourism and its main directions, the study of venues for events, a hotel base for receiving guests. Also, the events held in Yekaterinburg over the past two years, online events in connection with the pandemic are considered. The second chapter describes the possibilities of Yekaterinburg for attracting tourists, analyzes the potential of event tourism to promote the city. In the conclusion, the results of the work are summed up, the final conclusions on the topic under consideration are formed. Every year Yekaterinburg hosts events of various forms: congresses, forums, exhibitions, festivals, summits. And all of them should be distinguished by their special uniqueness, influence the promotion of the tourist potential not only of the city, but also of the region. Thanks to events of a significant scale, for example, the International Annual Exhibition "Innoprom", the mention of the city in the mass media at the regional and federal levels increases significantly, a positive image of Yekaterinburg is formed. Consequently, the growth of its recognition in Russia and abroad is increasing.

This study examined the schooling experiences of eleven graduates from the rural south of Egypt with primary community schools in Assiut. The study used individual interviews and focus groups to examine how community school graduates understood their experiences. The community schools were found to have removed previous obstacles of distance and cost. The quality of education that the students received allowed them to flourish in education rather than falter, and that was largely influenced by the quality of their relationship with their teachers. The students learned academic skills, as well as attitudes and dispositions that serve as cultural capital. They have more opportunities than before, yet also face significant challenges as they transition to the public system. The model of community schooling is also facing significant challenges as differences with the public schooling systems are exerting tension on the community school model to converge.

This study examined the schooling experiences of eleven graduates from the rural south of Egypt with primary community schools in Assiut. The study used individual interviews and focus groups to examine how community school graduates understood their experiences. The community schools were found to have removed previous obstacles of distance and cost. The quality of education that the students received allowed them to flourish in education rather than falter, and that was largely influenced by the quality of their relationship with their teachers. The students learned academic skills, as well as attitudes and dispositions that serve as cultural capital. They have more opportunities than before, yet also face significant challenges as they transition to the public system. The model of community schooling is also facing significant challenges as differences with the public schooling systems are exerting tension on the community school model to converge.

The world has seen gradual evolution of regional human rights arrangements. The adoption by the UN General Assembly of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948, was followed by the creation of numerous regional instruments that address concerns of particular importance in the regional context. Three world regions, Africa, the Americas and Europe, have established their respective regional instruments together with the supervisory mechanism, such as commissions and courts. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, with its emphasis on group rights and individual duties challenges the Western liberal account of rights, as expressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The cultural differences brought to the fore not only the tension between individual and group rights but also the question as to whether of the universalism of human rights is possible. The study advocates for a moderate universalism of human rights, which can only be achieved through a dialogue among different cultural approaches to the notion of human rights. This study examines the content and substance of human rights norms of the African system with a view to recommending the possible strategies for their reform. Its central thesis is, the system is rather weak and therefore needs to be reformed. Toward this end, the study analyses the provisions of the African Charter. Thereafter, it explores its weaknesses and proposes strategies for their reform. The African human rights mechanisms face a number of common and particular challenges. Prospectively, Africa is going through a tremendous and interesting phase. These challenges are not insurmountable. / Constitutional, International and Indigenous Law / LL.D.

The small enterprise has become a major sphere of interest for policy makers and donors. Despite the institutional and policy support, these enterprises have fallen short of expectations. This study is intended to fill the gap by exploring the challenges and prospects of the entrepreneurs in the small enterprise in general and specifically rate the challenges across each sector in Mekelle and Adigrat, Tigray Regional State of Ethiopia. Generally, 154 samples of the small enterprise were selected using a stratified proportional random sampling technique, from which the required data were generated and analysed employing the descriptive and exploratory research design. In the first part, the characteristics and prospects of the entrepreneurs and the small enterprise are presented. The finding reveals that the gender of the entrepreneurs is dominated by and is in favour of male entrepreneurs when compared to that of their female counterparts. The majority of respondents lack the relevant experiences and operate as sole proprietors. Furthermore, business plan is found out to be used only to meet the requirements of the financial institutions. The result also revealed that small enterprises are operated mainly by the owners of the business themselves and hence their contributions to employment and income generation for others is very limited. Financial constraint is found out as a general challenge to entrepreneurs of the small enterprises. In addition, different constraints such as training, access to finance, market opportunities, policy and legal measures are examined and rated across different business types where each factors are found to affect small enterprises at a different rates. What is severe problem for one sector is found out to be not a problem when compared to other sectors. These imply that policies and support programs need to take in to account the heterogeneous nature of enterprises and entrepreneurs. Overall, the result discloses a high failure rate of the small enterprises in the study sites and one can conclude that there is a lack of innovation from the side of entrepreneurs and a weak support from the government and other supporting institutions. In view of these, the researcher recommends an innovative support schemes to ameliorate and accelerate the growth of the small enterprises. / Development Studies / D. Phil. (Development Studies)