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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Effets de l'Endettement Public sur la Croissance Economique en présence de non linéarité : Cas des pays de l'Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine / Effects of Public Debt on Economic Growth with nonlinearity : case of West African Economic and Monetary Union’s countries

Guisse, Oumou 22 April 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier les effets de l’Endettement public sur la Croissance économique en présencede Non Linéarité. L’étude est appliquée aux pays membres de l’Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine. Uneétude théorique des caractéristiques et de l’évolution des agrégats macroéconomiques est faite dans le premier Chapitre.Dans le Chapitre 2, l’étude de la non linéarité entre Endettement Public et Croissance économique conclue á l’existenced’un seuil d’endettement optimal d’environ 80%. Ce seuil est obtenu grâce á la méthodologie de transaction brutal et detransaction lisse mais aussi une méthodologie d’estimation sur panel dynamique. Par la suite, une étude de la solvabilitéet de la soutenabilité est effectuée. Ce chapitre a permis de faire une étude approfondie de la stationnarité de la detteet de la cointégration des séries de recettes et de dépenses courantes. L’objectif de ce Chapitre étant d’étudier lescapacités de remboursements des pays de l’UEMOA. Enfin, le lien entre structure des dépenses publiques et Croissanceéconomique est étudier dans le dernier Chapitre.Un modèle à correction d’erreur a été utilisé pour étudier l’impact de lacomposition des dépenses publiques sur la Croissance économique. / This thesis aims to study the effects of public debt on the Economic Growth in the presence of Non Linearity. Thestudy is applied to the member countries of the Economic and Monetary Union of West Africa. A theoretical study ofthe characteristics and evolution of macroeconomic aggregates is made in the first chapter. In Chapter 2, the studyof the non-linearity between Public Debt and Economic Growth concluded in the existence of an optimal debt level ofabout 80%. This threshold is achieved through the methodology of brutal transaction and smooth transaction but also amethodology of estimation of dynamic panel. Subsequently, a study of solvency and sustainability is made. This chapterhas allowed a thorough study of the stationarity of the debt and cointegration series of revenue and expenses. Thepurpose of this chapter is to study the WAEMU countries repayment capacity. Finally, the link between the structure ofpublic expenditure and Economic Growth is studied in the last chapter. An error correction model was used to study theimpact of the composition of public expenditures on Economic Growth.
32

O endividamento dos estados brasileiros: uma análise de sustentabilidade e dos instrumentos de controle / The brazilian states\' indebtedness: a sustainability and instruments of control analysis

Passos Filho, Antonio Carlos 08 October 2018 (has links)
A Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF) foi criada em 2000, tendo como um de seus objetivos o de controlar e limitar o processo de endividamento dos estados brasileiros. No entanto, em 2016, a União acertou o refinanciamento das dívidas de alguns destes estados. Este trabalho busca analisar esta aparente contradição; a crise dos estados teria como origem fatores exógenos à LRF ou os mecanismos da LRF não foram suficientes para conter o comportamento de endividamento excessivo dos estados? Utilizando a metodologia de Bohn (1998), estimou-se cinco modelos: painel completo, separação regional, separação por critério endógeno, separação por gasto com pessoal em relação a receita corrente líquida e separação pelo critério da Resolução de número 40 do Senado Federal. As estimações contemplam quatro períodos: 2001 a 2015; 2008 a 2015; 2001 a 2020 e 2008 a 2020, e consideram tanto a dívida consolidada líquida quanto a bruta. Os resultados apontam que os instrumentos que foram criados são ineficientes, pois estados que não estão constrangidos por nenhuma punição da LRF não possuem uma trajetória sustentável da dívida. Por consequência, é reforçada a ideia de que há um comportamento de risco moral por parte dos estados, que procuram endividar-se excessivamente por considerarem que a dívida será renegociada pela União, comportamento este que só pode ser combatido a partir de aprimoramentos institucionais. / The \"Fiscal Responsibility Law\" (LRF) was created in 2000, having as one of its pillars the control of the regional states\' indebtedness process. However, in 2016, the federal government approved the refinance of such debts for some states. This paper seeks to analyze this seeming contradiction: the states\' crysis is due to factors that are exogenous to the LRF, or are the LRF mechanisms not sufficient to restrain the excessive indebtness by the states? Using Bohn\'s methodology (1998), five models are estimated: complete pannel, regional separation, separation by an endogenous criteria, separation by LRF\'s resolution to stafe workers expending (wages, pensions, etc) and separation by a Senate resolution\'s criteria. The estimations are made in four time frames: 2001-2015; 2008-2015; 2001-2020; 2008-2020, and both the net debt and the gross debt are considered. Results indicate that the instruments that were created by the LRF are inefficient, in the sense that states that are not punished or affected by said instruments do not follow a sustainable fiscal policy. Consequently, the idea of a moral hazard behaviour is reemforced: the states expect that the federal government will refinance its debt, so they do not follow a sustainable fiscal policy. This behaviour can only be stopped through institucional reforms.
33

Desempenho fiscal da dívida dos grandes municípios brasileiros / Fiscal performance of the debt of major Brazilian municipalities

Lima, Severino Cesário de 02 December 2011 (has links)
Com a promulgação da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF), foram instituídas as regras de disciplina fiscal com o objetivo de reduzir o déficit público e estabilizar o montante da dívida pública em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto (PIB). Essas regras de disciplina fiscal compõem as restrições orçamentárias rígidas (hard budget constraint), destacando-se a exigência do orçamento equilibrado, o limite legal do endividamento, a destinação da dívida para investimentos e o controle indireto da dívida por meio do limite de despesas com pessoal. Todavia, dentre essas regras, os gestores dos grandes Municípios brasileiros alegam que o limite legal de endividamento de 1,2 da Receita Corrente Líquida (RCL) fixado pelo Senado Federal é inadequado, pois é único para todos os governos locais sem apresentar tratamento diferenciado aos grandes Municípios que possuem profundas diferenças em termos de população, renda e receita. Nesse contexto, é extremamente importante avaliar o desempenho fiscal da dívida dos grandes Municípios brasileiros, tendo como foco o nível de endividamento segundo os recursos potenciais desses governos locais e das restrições orçamentárias instituídas pela LRF. Assim, esta tese tem como objetivo central medir e explicar o desempenho do nível da dívida dos grandes Municípios brasileiros em função dos recursos potenciais para servir à dívida e dos mecanismos de restrições orçamentárias. Para tanto, foram considerados, no estudo, todos os grandes Municípios acima de 500.000 habitantes. Para medir o desempenho do nível da dívida, foi utilizada a análise envoltória de dados (DEA) em painel, denominada de DEA Dinâmica DSBM (Dinamic Slacks Based Model) com dados de 2000 a 2008, considerando como input o nível da dívida, como variável carryover o resultado primário e como outputs variáveis representativas dos recursos potenciais do Município: PIB, valor das propriedades e tamanho populacional. O desempenho do nível da dívida obtido com o DEA DSBM foi explicado pelas regras de disciplina fiscal com o uso da regressão GEE (Generalized Estimating Equations). Os resultados não rejeitaram as hipóteses de que o limite de despesas com pessoal e a destinação da dívida para investimentos são responsáveis para garantir o desempenho do nível da dívida dos grandes Municípios brasileiros. Os resultados rejeitaram a hipótese do equilíbrio orçamentário corrente influenciar positivamente o desempenho da dívida, contudo, considerando que para o cumprimento dessa regra fiscal é necessário observar as demais regras testadas, confirmou-se a tese de que os mecanismos de restrições orçamentárias provocam efeitos positivos no nível da dívida dos grandes Municípios brasileiros. Esses achados veem acentuar e eficácia da LRF no controle do endividamento público. Por outro lado, os dados revelaram que as transferências voluntárias, por representarem ajuda financeira implícita, atuam como uma força contrária ao desempenho do nível da dívida, flexibilizando as restrições orçamentárias, conforme prevê a hipótese do soft budget constraint (restrição orçamentária flexível). Considerando a relevância da regra fiscal do limite de endividamento no contexto das restrições orçamentárias, o estudo investigou se o limite fixado pelo Senado Federal reflete os recursos potenciais dos grandes Municípios. Os resultados revelaram, contrariamente ao esperado, que o limite legal é bastante elevado para esses Municípios, exceto para São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, cuja capacidade de endividamento, segundo seus recursos potenciais, conduz a um limite médio de 0,35 da RCL. Contudo, para os Municípios de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro o limite legal deveria ser bem maior que o instituído pelo Senado Federal, respectivamente, 1,84 e 1,64 da RCL, haja vista o considerável tamanho populacional desses Municípios, o significativo fluxo de riqueza expresso pelo PIB e a expressiva riqueza da comunidade representada pelo valor das propriedades. Acredita-se que esse estudo tenha contribuído para uma reflexão da dívida pública, apresentando uma metodologia que auxilie no avanço de estudos nessa área. / With the promulgation of the Fiscal Responsibility Law (FRL) some rules for fiscal discipline were set in order to reduce the public deficit and stabilize the public debt relative to Gross National Product (GDP). These rules compound the hard budget constraint, highlighting the balanced-budget requirement, the legal limit of indebtedness, the allocation of debt for investments and indirect control of debt through the limit of personnel expenses. However, among these rules, managers of large municipalities in Brazil claim that the legal limit of indebtedness of 1.2 over the Net Current Revenue (NCR) set by the Senate is inadequate because it is unique for all local governments without giving special treatment to major municipalities that have sound differences in terms of population, income and revenue. In this context, it is extremely important to assess the fiscal performance of the debt of major Brazilian cities, focusing on the level of debt according to the potential resources of local governments and budget constraints imposed by the FRL. So, this thesis has as principal purpose to measure and explain the performance of the debt level of the major Brazilian municipalities in terms of potential resources and mechanisms of budget constraints. To do that, we considered in the study all the larger municipalities over 500,000 inhabitants. In order to measure the performance of the debt level we used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in a panel of data, called Dynamic DEA DSBM (Slacks Based Dynamic Model) with data from 2000 to 2008, considering the debt level as input, the primary result as carryover variable and as output variables that represent the potential resources of the City: GDP, property values and population size. The performance of the debt level achieved using DEA DSBM was explained by the rules of fiscal discipline using GEE regression (Generalized Estimating Equations). The results did not reject the hypothesis that the limit of personnel expenses and the allocation of debt for investments are responsible for ensuring the performance of the debt level of the major Brazilian municipalities. The results rejected the hypothesis of the current balanced budget to positively influence the performance of debt, however, considering that to obey this rule it\'s necessary to observe the further rules tested, we confirmed the thesis that the mechanisms of budget constraints cause positive effects on the debt level of large Brazilian municipalities. These findings intensified the efficacy of the FRL in the control of public debt. On the other hand, the data revealed that voluntary transfers, which represent implicit financial aid, act as a counterforce to the performance level of debt, weakening the budget constraints, as predicted by the hypothesis of soft budget constraint. Considering the importance of the fiscal rule of debt limit in the context of hard budget constraints mechanism, this study investigated whether the limit set by the Senate reflects the potential resources of the major Brazilian cities. The results showed, contrary to the expectations, that the legal limit is quite high for large municipalities, except for São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, because the debt capacity of these municipalities, according to its potential resources, leads to an average limit of 0.35 of the NCR. However, for the municipalities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro the legal limit should be much larger than that established by the Senate, respectively, 1.84 and 1.64 of the NCR, because of the considerable size of population, the significant flow of wealth expressed by the GDP and the considerable wealth of the community represented by the property values. We believed this study has contributed to a reflection of the public debt and introducing a methodology to assist in the progress of studies in this area.
34

Dívida Pública e Crescimento Econômico: Testes da Hipótese de Reinhart e Rogoff

Rafael Sangoi 27 August 2014 (has links)
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo testar a hipótese levantada por Reinhart e Rogoff acerca da relação entre dívida pública e crescimento econômico. Para isso utilizamos um modelo empírico baseado no modelo teórico de crescimento neoclássico acrescido de algumas variáveis econômicas comprovadamente relevantes, utilizando dados em painel numa amostra com 86 países no período de 1983 até 2013. Encontramos evidências que confirmam em parte a hipótese levantada por Reinhart e Rogoff, isto é, a dívida pública apresentou uma relação negativa com o crescimento econômico, no entanto não fomos capazes de encontrar um threshold onde a magnitude de tal efeito fosse aumentada.
35

Vývoj a dopady veřejného zadlužení ve vybraných zemích EU / Development and consequences of public debt in selected countries of the EU

Koukalová, Eva January 2010 (has links)
The main goal of this thesis is to introduce the topic of public debt and its connection to budget deficit, and to compare the situation in 2 selected countries of the European Union, Ireland and Portugal. The first chapter describes the theory of public finance, its function and the main principles. It focuses on the problem of fiscal imbalance, approach of the European union (especially with regards to the Stability and Growth Pact), it also explains the theory of budget deficit and public debt. Second and third chapters are focused on the selected countries of the EU - Ireland and Portugal - as countries that are facing major problems in the area of public finance and are highly likely to ask for financial help, as it happend in the case of Greece. The chapters describe an overall economic situation of the two countries, the causes of public debt and its increase, approach of the EU towards them, proposed and agreed austerity measures, possible solutions and also further prospects for the future.
36

Analýza veřejného dluhu v České republice v posledních dvou dekádách / Analysis of public debt in the Czech Republic in the last two decades

Formánek, Jan January 2011 (has links)
The thesis topic is nowadays among the most actual economic issues of Czech Republic because the fail of executive representation to handle dynamics of public debt within acceptable limits. In theoretical part of the thesis definitions will be presented as well as all concepts and categories related to the topic as for example state budget, its expenditures and incomes including tax system, public debt, its definition, structure, methodology of reporting and possible ways of its financing, debt service etc. Practical part of the thesis will analyze evolution of debt in Czech Republic over reference time, i.e. in last two decades. Aim of the thesis is elaboration of general theories of chosen topic and analyze of public debt in Czech Republic over reference time including identification of causes of its negative evolution.
37

Custos de bem-estar dos impostos sob risco de default soberano / Welfare costs of taxation under sovereign default risk

Renata Rizzi 10 August 2007 (has links)
Esta dissertação apresenta um modelo de equilíbrio geral dinâmico, com serviço contingente da dívida soberana, construído para analisar os impactos dos impostos sobre o bem-estar. Neste modelo, variações na estrutura tributária (oriundas de reformas) afetam o bem-estar dos agentes de forma direta, em decorrência de distorções alocativas, e também por meio de seus efeitos indiretos sobre o risco de default da dívida soberana. Avalia-se, quantitativamente, para o caso brasileiro, os custos de bem-estar associados a cada tipo de imposto. Obtém-se que a perda total de bem-estar devida aos impostos vigentes no Brasil é próxima de 19% do consumo de longo-prazo. O ranking dos tipos de imposto mostra-se robusto, seja em termos de custos de bem-estar por unidade de receita arrecadada (sob a tributação vigente), seja em termos de custos de bem-estar adicionais por unidade de receita adicional. Do mais eficiente para o menos eficiente: imposto sobre consumo, imposto sobre a remuneração do trabalho, imposto sobre a remuneração do capital. Observa-se que um aumento de receitas tributárias por meio da elevação do imposto sobre o consumo ou do imposto sobre a remuneração do trabalho pode gerar custos negativos de bem-estar. Esta possibilidade existe em economias nas quais a elasticidade da probabilidade de default da dívida com relação às receitas governamentais é suficientemente elevada, e os custos adicionais de default não são desprezíveis. Constata-se ainda que resultados perversos (no sentido de contra-intuitivos e indesejáveis) podem sobrevir a mudanças bem-intencionadas na estrutura tributária. / This dissertation presents a general equilibrium model, with contingent service of sovereign debt, constructed to analyze the impacts of taxes on welfare. In this model, variations on the tax structure (originated from reforms) impact welfare directly, in the form of allocative distortions, and also through their indirect effects on the probability of default on sovereign debt. I evaluate, quantitatively, for Brazil, the welfare costs associated to each type of taxation. I find that the total welfare loss due to current taxation in Brazil is close to 19% of long-term consumption. The ranking of tax types demonstrates to be robust, both in terms of welfare costs per unit of revenue raised (under the current tax structure), and in terms of additional welfare costs per unit of additional revenue raised. From the most efficient to the least efficient: consumption tax, labor income tax, capital income tax. I observe that a growth in tax revenues through the increase in either consumption or labor income tax can generate negative welfare costs. This is a possibility in economies in which the elasticity of the probability of default in relation to the level of government revenues is high enough, and additional costs of default are substantial. I also find that perverse results (in the sense of being counter-intuitive and undesirable) may be generated by well-intentioned changes in the tax structure.
38

A estrutura institucional da dívida pública brasileira e seus impactos sobre a gestão da política monetária: uma análise do regime de metas para a inflação / The institutional structure of Brazilian public debt and its effects under monetary policy

Parreiras, Maria Araujo 13 December 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho faz um resgate histórico e da literatura a respeito das interações entre a dívida pública e a política monetária, para subsidiar a hipótese de que, devido ao uso de instrumentos em comum pelo Tesouro Nacional e pelo Banco Central, a estrutura institucional da dívida pública brasileira tem causado constrangimentos à execução da política monetária. Depois de colhidos os elementos necessários, a hipótese (em seus diferentes desdobramentos) é empiricamente avaliada com o uso de modelos de Vetores Auto-Regressivos (VAR). Os principais resultados encontrados são: oscilações na dívida pública e em sua proporção que é corrigida pela taxa SELIC afetam as decisões de política monetária; as expectativas de inflação também sofrem impacto da estrutura da dívida pública, devido aos efeitos desta sobre a credibilidade da autoridade monetária; a SELIC incorpora parte do prêmio de risco pago pelos títulos públicos e, ao mesmo tempo, afeta as medidas de risco-país; essa interação perversa entre a taxa de juros e as medidas de risco é potencializada pela estrutura da dívida pública, especialmente no que se refere à indexação da dívida à SELIC; finalmente, as variáveis risco e SELIC sofrem influência dos fundamentos fiscais. / This work revisits the historical background and literature on the interactions between the public debt and the monetary policy, in order to support the hypothesis that, due to the use of instruments in common by the Brazilian National Treasury and Central Bank, the institutional structure of the brazilian public debt has led to constraints on the execution of monetary policy. Once the needed elements were collected, the hypothesis (in its different aspects) was empirically evaluated with the use of Vector Auto-Regressive (VAR) models. The main results were: fluctuations in the public debt and in its share which is indexed by the SELIC rate affect the decisions of the monetary policy; the inflation expectations are also affected by the public debt structure, due to its effects on the credibility of the monetary authority; the SELIC rate incorporates part of the risk premium charged by the public debt bonds and, at the same time, affects the measures of country risk; this evil interaction between the interest rate and the risk measures is amplified by the public debt structure, specially in what refers to the indexation of the debt to the SELIC rate; finally, both risk and SELIC rate are affected by the fiscal fundamentals.
39

政府公債佔GDP的最適比率 / The optimal ratio of public debt to GDP

林銘峰, Lin, Ming Feng Unknown Date (has links)
本文研究目的是在動態隨機一般均衡模型當中,討論政府公債佔國內生產毛額的最適比率。本文建立一封閉經濟體系,討論政府公債佔國內生產毛額的比率改變時,對主要的經濟變數有何影響。不同於先前的研究,我們假設在極大化福利的前提下,找尋最適的政府公債佔國內生產毛額比率。靜止均衡的分析發現,政府公債佔國內生產毛額的比率與消費呈現正向變動的關係,與產出和勞動有著負向變動的關係。除此之外,當政府公債佔國內生產毛額的比率增加時,福利水準會越來越低,因此,最適的公債比率為零。 / The objective of this paper is to investigate the optimal ratio of public debt to GDP by using a micro-based dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. In this paper, the model that we build is a closed economy. We discuss the effect of the optimal public debt to GDP ratio on primary variables. Different from previous research, we look for the optimal ratio of public debt to GDP that will maximize welfare. In the steady state analysis, we find that the ratio of public debt to GDP has the positive effect on consumption and negative effect on output and labor. Furthermore, the welfare level is lowered with the rise in the debt ratios to GDP. Thus, the optimal debt ratio should be 0.
40

Multi-objective Approaches To Public Debt Management

Balibek, Emre 01 January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Public debt managers have a certain range of borrowing instruments varying in their interest rate type, currency, maturity etc. at their disposal and have to find an appropriate combination of those while raising debt on behalf of the government. In selecting the combination of instruments to be issued, i.e. the borrowing strategy to be pursued for a certain period of time, debt managers need to consider several objectives that are conflicting by their nature, and the uncertainty associated with the outcomes of the decisions made. The objective of this thesis is to propose an approach to support the decision making process regarding sovereign debt issuance. We incorporate Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) tools using a multi-period stochastic programming model that takes into account sequential decisions concerned with debt issuance policies. The model is then applied for public debt management in Turkey.

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