Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:22:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 437117.pdf: 1665382 bytes, checksum: 7d67180a707937512ab3e9c00c3dbb31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-13 / Addiction to crack cocaine has been a constant subject of discussion in public policy as well as scientific and clinical settings. Although the spread of crack is a serious public health problem, there is a paucity of scientific data on the impact caused by exposure to the substance and the vulnerability factors that interfere in the course of this exposure. This reinforces the need for more investment in theoretical and empirical research on the subject. This dissertation is one of the first to result from "The Cohort Study on Vulnerability Factors Associated with Craving in Women Crack Cocaine Addiction: Impact of Childhood Neglect on Cognition, Behavior and neuroendocrine response." This work was divided into two sections: theoretical and empirical. Because of the need to organize and expand the understanding of a comprehensive model of the motivational factors that culminate in addiction, the first section of this paper is a review on the subject. The theoretical article "Stress and Motivated Behavior: Impulse and Compulsion in Addiction" combines a theoretical overview to describe the associations between the dysregulation of motivated behavior and the neurobiological changes resulting from drug abuse. It also discusses the influence of early stress on neurodevelopmental disorders and changes in volition (compulsive and impulsive behaviors). Furthermore, this section addresses the behavioral concept of the reward system and the anti-reward system, as well as their neurobiological basis in the context of addiction. The theoretical study focused on literature that contributes to the understanding of addiction as a dysregulation of the innate motivational system essential to survival. The second section of this study provides the empirical article "Childhood Neglect: Impact on the Severity of Abstinence and Depressive Symptoms in Women Dependent on Crack Cocaine." This study was conducted on the first 96 subjects drawn from the cohort study; 16 subjects were removed from the analysis because they fulfilled the exclusion criteria. The sample was monitored during the period of detoxification in a specialized hospital unit. The purpose of the research was to investigate the role of physical neglect (PN) as a vulnerability factor with respect to symptoms that arise during the period of detoxification. These measures, the severity of withdrawal symptoms and depressed mood are considered as the most likely to contribute to a potential relapse. Thus, the empirical study has shown that women with PN (n=38) had more severe withdrawn syndrome, exacerbated symptoms of depressed mood and lower remission of symptoms during the entire period of hospitalization when compared with women without PN (n=42). Finally, this dissertation intends to contribute data, theoretical and empirical, about the impact of childhood neglect on the system that regulates motivated behaviors, and the repercussions of this "scar" on the exacerbation of depressive symptoms and perceived craving during the period of crack detoxification. / A depend?ncia qu?mica (DQ) da coca?na tipo crack tem sido constante alvo de discuss?es no cen?rio cient?fico, de pol?ticas p?blicas e no ?mbito cl?nico. Embora a propaga??o do crack seja um problema grave de sa?de p?blica, h? uma relativa escassez de dados cient?ficos sobre o impacto decorrente da exposi??o ? subst?ncia, bem como os fatores de vulnerabilidade que interferem no decorrer dessa exposi??o. Isso refor?a a necessidade de mais investimentos na produ??o te?rica e emp?rica sobre o tema. Nesse sentido, a presente disserta??o ? um dos primeiros frutos do projeto Estudo de Coorte sobre Fatores de Vulnerabilidade Associados ao Craving em Dependentes de Crack: Impacto da Neglig?ncia na Inf?ncia na Cogni??o, Comportamento e Resposta Neuroend?crina. Assim, este trabalho foi dividido em duas se??es: te?rica e emp?rica. Frente ? necessidade de organizar e expandir o entendimento sobre um modelo compreensivo dos fatores motivacionais que culminam na DQ, a primeira se??o desta disserta??o faz uma revis?o deste tema. O artigo: Comportamentos Motivados e Estresse: Impulso e Compuls?o na Depend?ncia Qu?mica re?ne um apanhado te?rico a fim de descrever as associa??es entre a desregula??o dos comportamentos motivados e as altera??es neurobiol?gicas decorrente do abuso de drogas. Discute a influ?ncia do estresse precoce sobre as altera??es do neurodesenvolvimento e as altera??es da voli??o (comportamentos compulsivos e impulsivos). Tamb?m traz o conceito comportamental do sistema de recompensa e sistema anti-recompensa e suas bases neurobiol?gicas no contexto da DQ. O estudo I concentrou um aporte bibliogr?fico que leva ao entendimento da DQ como uma desregula??o do sistema motivacional inato, ou seja, indispens?vel ? sobreviv?ncia. A segunda se??o deste estudo traz o artigo: "Neglig?ncia na Inf?ncia: Impacto na Gravidade da Abstin?ncia e Sintomas Depressivos de Mulheres Dependentes de Crack". O estudo foi realizado a partir dos primeiros 96 sujeitos extra?dos do estudo de coorte e 16 foram retirados da an?lise por preencherem crit?rios de exclus?o. A amostra foi acompanhada durante o per?odo de desintoxica??o, em uma unidade hospitalar especializada. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar o papel da neglig?ncia f?sica (NF) como fator de vulnerabilidade no que tange a sintomas que surgem durante o per?odo de desintoxica??o. Essas medidas, da gravidade dos sintomas de abstin?ncia e do humor deprimido, s?o apontados como os que mais interferem para uma poss?vel reca?da. Assim, no estudo emp?rico foi demonstrado que as mulheres com NF (n=38) tiveram mais intensidade dos sintomas de abstin?ncia, sintomas de humor deprimido exacerbados e menor remiss?o da sintomatologia durante todo o per?odo de interna??o quando comparadas a mulheres sem NF (n=42). Enfim, esta disserta??o pretende contribuir com dados, te?ricos e emp?ricos, a respeito do impacto da neglig?ncia na inf?ncia sobre o sistema que regula os comportamentos motivados, e as repercuss?es dessa cicatriz diante da exacerba??o dos sintomas de abstin?ncia e depressivos percebidos durante o per?odo de desintoxica??o do crack.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JanduirES_DISSERT.pdf: 2266375 bytes, checksum: c9d10fe73c5e9796337be1a7e3030bc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Educational games can work as a complementary tool in teaching and learning chemistry, playing an important role in the development of the students cognitive structures, familiarizing them with certain conceptual content, which may arouse interest in the study of such content. In this work, we made an analysis of organic chemistry textbooks recommended by Programa Nacional do Livro Did?tico 2012, for high school students in order to verify the existence of methodological proposals using educational games. From this analysis, we proposed an educational game to be developed for students on 3? year of high medium and undergraduate chemistry, that are in 1? semester of the course, which is constituted of a tray and 48 letters, which work various concepts concerning organic functions, such as: structural characteristics, physical properties, chemical and properties diverse of the compounds used for the confection of the letters. The game was applied to a class degree in chemistry, period 2012.1 to a Federal Education of Rio Grande do Norte and a group of students of the 3rd year of the state schools of Rio Grande do Norte, in the period the months of April and May 2012. The analysis of the performance of the game proposed was made using visual observations, photographic records and testimonials of students who participated in the games. The instrument used for the data collection was the student questionnaire, which was similar for both groups, differing only in the amount of questions, because one of them had one more question. During application of the game it was observed that it constitutes a dynamic strategy in the teaching and learning of chemistry concepts, given that students actively participated in the classes as well, demonstrated more motivation in the construction of concepts, furthermore, it was possible to observe evidence of other possibilities of the game. This could be verified through visual observations and testimonials at the end of each game, by reading the answers to the questionnaires / Os jogos educativos podem funcionar uma ferramenta complementar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da qu?mica, desempenhando importante papel no desenvolvimento das estruturas cognitivas dos alunos, familiarizando-os com determinados conte?dos conceituais, podendo despertar interesse pelo estudo de tais conte?dos. Neste trabalho, realizou-se uma an?lise nos livros did?ticos de qu?mica org?nica recomendados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Did?tico 2012, para alunos do ensino m?dio, a fim de verificar a exist?ncia de propostas metodol?gicas utilizando jogos educativos. A partir desta an?lise, foi proposto um jogo educativo para ser desenvolvido a alunos de 3? ano do ensino m?dio e de gradua??o em qu?mica, que estejam no 1? semestre do curso, o qual ? constitu?do de um tabuleiro e 48 cartas, onde s?o trabalhados diversos conceitos relacionados ?s fun??es org?nicas, tais como: caracter?sticas estruturais, propriedades f?sicas, qu?micas e propriedades diversas dos compostos utilizados para a confec??o das cartas. O jogo foi aplicado em uma turma de licenciatura em qu?mica, per?odo de 2012.1 de uma Institui??o Federal de Educa??o do Rio Grande do Norte e em uma turma de alunos do 3? ano da rede estadual de ensino do Rio Grande do Norte, no per?odo compreendido entre os meses de abril e maio de 2012. A analise do desempenho da atividade l?dica proposta foi feita a partir de observa??es visuais, registros fotogr?ficos e depoimentos dos alunos que participaram das partidas. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta dos depoimentos dos alunos foi o question?rio, o qual era semelhante para ambas as turmas, diferindo apenas na quantidade de quest?es, pois em um deles havia uma pergunta a mais. Durante a aplica??o do jogo foi poss?vel observar que o mesmo se constitui de uma estrat?gia din?mica no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de conceitos da qu?mica org?nica, haja vista que os alunos participaram ativamente das aulas, bem como, demonstraram mais motivados na constru??o dos conceitos, al?m disso, foi poss?vel observar evid?ncias de outras potencialidades do jogo. Isso p?de ser constatado atrav?s das observa??es visuais e dos depoimentos dos mesmos ao final de cada partida, atrav?s da leitura das respostas dos question?rios

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlauberJTF_TESE.pdf: 2011053 bytes, checksum: d21e71a60d82e3bce89064ab78884cef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / The chemical recycling of polyolefins has been the focus of increasing attention owing potential application as a fuel and as source chemicals. The use of plastic waste contributes to the solution of pollution problems.The use of catalysts can enhance the thermal degradation of synthetic polymers, which may be avaliated by Themogravimetry (TG) and mass spectrometry (MS) combined techniques. This work aims to propose alternatives to the chemistry recycling of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) on mesoporous silica type SBA-15 and AlSBA-15.The mesoporous materials type SBA-15 and AlSBA-15 were synthesized through the hydrothermal method starting from TEOS, pseudobohemite, cloridric acid HCl and water. As structure template was used Pluronic P123. The syntheses were accomplished during the period of three days. The best calcination conditions for removal of the organic template (P123) were optimized by thermal analysis (TG/DTG) and through analyses of Xray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was verified that as much the hydrothermal synthesis method as the calcination by TG were promising for the production of mesoporous materials with high degree of hexagonal ordination. The general analysis of the method of Analog Scan was performed at 10oC/min to 500 oC to avoid deterioration of capillary with very high temperatures. Thus, with the results, we observed signs mass/charge more evident and, using the MID method, was obtained curve of evolution of these signals. The addition of catalysis produced a decrease in temperature of polymer degradation proportional to the acidity of the catalyst. The results showed that the mesoporous materials contributed to the formation of compounds of lower molecular weight and higher value in the process of catalytic degradation of LDPE, representing an alternative to chemical recycling of solid waste / A reciclagem qu?mica de poliolefinas tem sido foco de crescente aten??o, devido ao seu uso potencial como combust?vel e como fonte de produtos qu?micos. O aproveitamento de res?duos pl?sticos contribui para a solu??o dos problemas de polui??o. O uso de catalisadores adequados pode facilitar a degrada??o t?rmica de pol?meros sint?ticos, que pode ser avaliada por termogravimetria e espectrometria de massas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar uma alternativa de reciclagem qu?mica de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) sobre s?lica mesoporosa tipo SBA-15 e AlSBA-15 utilizando termogravimetria e espectrometria de massas.Os materiais mesoporosos tipo SBA-15 e AlSBA- 15 foram sintetizados atrav?s do m?todo hidrot?rmico partindo de tetraetilortosilicato TEOS, pseudobohemita, ?cido clor?drico - HCl e ?gua destilada. Como direcionador estrutural foi utilizado Pluronic P123 (copol?mero tribloco). As s?nteses foram realizadas durante um per?odo de tr?s dias. As melhores condi??es de calcina??o para remo??o do direcionador org?nico (P123) foram otimizadas por an?lise t?rmica (TG/DTG) e atrav?s de an?lises por difra??o de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho (FTIR), adsor??o de nitrog?nio e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) se verificou que tanto o m?todo de s?ntese hidrot?rmico, como tamb?m as condi??es de calcina??o baseadas nos estudos cin?ticos por termogravimetria (TG) foram promissores ? produ??o de materiais mesoporosos com alto grau de ordena??o hexagonal. Os estudos de decomposi??o e evolu??o de gases foram realizados em uma termobalan?a acoplada a um espectr?metro de massas. A an?lise geral das amostras com o m?todo de Scan Analog foi realizada a 10?C/min at? 500?C para n?o deteriorar o capilar com temperaturas muito altas. Assim, com os resultados foi poss?vel observar os sinais massa-carga mais evidentes e, empregando o m?todo MID, foi obtida a curva de evolu??o desses sinais. A adi??o de catalisadores produziu uma diminui??o na temperatura de degrada??o do pol?mero proporcional ? acidez do catalisador. Os resultados obtidos, mostraram que os materiais mesoporosos contribu?ram para a forma??o de compostos de menor massa molecular e maior valor agregado no processo de degra??o catal?tica do PEBD, representando uma alternativa de reciclagem qu?mica destes res?duos s?lidos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IreneTG.pdf: 2720368 bytes, checksum: fcef2515b36d3e7cbbc3bb1ab57a0651 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-28 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The production of oil and gas is usually accompanied by the production of water, also known as produced water. Studies were conducted in platforms that discharge produced water in the Atlantic Ocean due to oil and gas production by Petrobras from 1996 to 2006 in the following basins: Santos (Brazilian south region), Campos (Brazilian southeast region) and Ceara (Brazilian northeast region). This study encompasses chemical composition, toxicological effects, discharge volumes, and produced water behavior after releasing in the ocean, including dispersion plumes modeling and monitoring data of the marine environment. The concentration medians for a sampling of 50 samples were: ammonia (70 mg L-1), boron (1.3 mg L1), iron (7.4 mg L-1), BTEX (4.6 mg L-1), PAH (0.53 mg L-1), TPH (28 mg L-1); phenols (1.3 mg L-1) and radioisotopes (0.15 Bq L-1 for 226Ra and 0.09 Bq L-1 for 228Ra). The concentrations of the organic and inorganic parameters observed for the Brazilian platforms were similar to the international reference data for the produced water in the North Sea and in other regions of the world. It was found significant differences in concentrations of the following parameters: BTEX (p<0.0001), phenols (p=0.0212), boron (p<0.0001), iron (p<0.0001) and toxicological response in sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (p<0.0001) when considering two distinguished groups, platforms from southeast and northeast Region (PCR-1). Significant differences were not observed among the other parameters. In platforms with large gas production, the monoaromatic concentrations (BTEX from 15.8 to 21.6 mg L-1) and phenols (from 2 to 83 mg L-1) were higher than in oil plataforms (median concentrations of BTEX were 4.6 mg L-1 for n=53, and of phenols were 1.3 mg L-1 for n=46). It was also conducted a study about the influence of dispersion plumes of produced water in the vicinity of six platforms of oil and gas production (P-26, PPG-1, PCR-1, P-32, SS-06), and in a hypothetical critical scenario using the chemical characteristics of each effluent. Through this study, using CORMIX and CHEMMAP models for dispersion plumes simulation of the produced water discharges, it was possible to obtain the dilution dimension in the ocean after those discharges. The dispersion plumes of the produced water modelling in field vicinity showed dilutions of 700 to 900 times for the first 30-40 meters from the platform PCR-1 discharge point; 100 times for the platform P-32, with 30 meters of distance; 150 times for the platform P-26, with 40 meters of distance; 100 times for the platform PPG-1, with 130 meters of distance; 280 to 350 times for the platform SS-06, with 130 meters of distance, 100 times for the hypothetical critical scenario, with the 130 meters of distance. The dilutions continue in the far field, and with the results of the simulations, it was possible to verify that all the parameters presented concentrations bellow the maximum values established by Brazilian legislation for seawater (CONAMA 357/05 - Class 1), before the 500 meters distance of the discharge point. These results were in agreement with the field measurements. Although, in general results for the Brazilian produced water presented toxicological effects for marine organisms, it was verified that dilutions of 100 times were sufficient for not causing toxicological responses. Field monitoring data of the seawater around the Pargo, Pampo and PCR-1 platforms did not demonstrate toxicity in the seawater close to these platforms. The results of environmental monitoring in seawater and sediments proved that alterations were not detected for environmental quality in areas under direct influence of the oil production activities in the Campos and Ceara Basin, as according to results obtained in the dispersion plume modelling for the produced water discharge / A produ??o de ?leo e g?s ? normalmente acompanhada da produ??o de ?gua, que ? denominada ?gua produzida. Foram estudadas as plataformas que descartam ?gua produzida no Oceano Atl?ntico atrav?s das opera??es de produ??o de ?leo e g?s nas bacias petrol?feras de Santos (regi?o Sul), Campos (Sudeste) e Cear? (Nordeste) desde 1996 a 2006 operadas pela Petrobras. O estudo abrange caracter?sticas qu?micas, toxicol?gicas, volumes de descarte, e o comportamento da ?gua produzida ap?s o descarte no mar, abrangendo as plumas de dispers?o e dados de monitoramento do ambiente marinho. Para uma amostragem de cerca de 50 amostras, as medianas de concentra??o foram: am?nia (70 mg L-1), b?rio (1,3 mg-1), ferro (7,4 mg L-1), BTEX (4,6 mg L-1), HPA (0,53 mg L-1), THP (28 mg L-1); fen?is (1,3 mg L-1) e radiois?topos (0,15 Bq L-1 para 226Ra e 0,09 Bq L-1 para 228Ra). As concentra??es dos par?metros org?nicos e inorg?nicos observadas para as plataformas brasileiras foram similares aos dados de refer?ncias mundiais para ?gua produzida no Mar do Norte e outras regi?es do mundo. Quando considerados os dois grupos distintos, plataformas da regi?o sudeste e nordeste (PCR-1) foram verificadas diferen?as significativas nas concentra??es dos par?metros: BTEX (p<0,0001), Fen?is (p=0,0212), Boro (p<0,0001), Ferro (p<0,0001), Toxicidade com organismo Lytechnus Variegatus (p<0,0001). Nos demais par?metros n?o foram observadas diferen?as significativas. Nos casos de maior produ??o de g?s as concentra??es de monoarom?ticos (BTEX de 15, 8 a 21,6 mg L-1) e fen?is (2 a 83 mg L-1) foram mais elevadas do que nas plataformas de ?leo (concentra??es medianas de BTEX de 4,6 mg L-1 para n=53, e de fen?is de 1,3 mg L-1, para n=46). Foi realizado um estudo sobre a influ?ncia das plumas de dispers?o da ?gua produzida no entorno de seis plataformas de produ??o de ?leo e g?s (P-26, PPG-1, PCR-1, P-32, SS-06, e um cen?rio cr?tico hipot?tico) usando as caracter?sticas qu?micas de cada um dos efluentes. Atrav?s deste estudo, utilizando os modelos CORMIX e CHEMMAP para simula??o de plumas de dispers?o da ?gua produzida descartada em mar foi poss?vel obter uma dimens?o das dilui??es ocorridas no oceano a partir destes descartes. As modelagens das plumas de dispers?o da ?gua produzida para o campo pr?ximo mostraram dilui??es de cerca de: 700 a 900 vezes logo nos primeiros 30 a 40 metros do ponto de descarte para a plataforma PCR-1; 100 vezes para a plataforma P-32, em dist?ncia de 30 metros; 150 vezes para a plataforma P-26, em dist?ncia de 40 metros; 100 vezes para a plataforma PPG-1, em dist?ncia de 130 metros; 280 a 350 vezes para a plataforma SS-06, em dist?ncia de 130 metros, 100 vezes para o cen?rio critico hipot?tico, em dist?ncia de 130 metros. As dilui??es continuam no campo afastado, e com os resultados das simula??es foi poss?vel verificar que todos os par?metros atingem concentra??es abaixo dos valores limites admitidos pela Resolu??o CONAMA 357/05 para ?guas salinas de classe 1, antes de 500m de dist?ncia do ponto de descarte. Estes resultados est?o coerentes com as medidas de campo. Os estudos realizados na ?gua produzida brasileira apresentaram, de maneira geral, toxicidade para os organismos marinhos, no entanto verifica-se que dilui??es de 100 vezes s?o suficientes para n?o causar o efeito t?xico. Dados de monitoramento da ?gua do mar em torno das plataformas de Pargo, Pampo e PCR-1 n?o evidenciaram toxicidade na ?gua do mar no entorno daquelas plataformas. Os resultados de monitoramento ambiental de ?gua do mar e sedimentos comprovam que n?o foram detectadas altera??es da qualidade ambiental na ?rea sob influ?ncia direta das atividades de produ??o de petr?leo nas Bacias de Campos e do Cear?, corroborando todos os resultados de modelagem da pluma de dispers?o do descarte da ?gua produzida

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IreneTG.pdf: 2713368 bytes, checksum: cd06d392888febbf66e56bc3c0fe60f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-28 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The production of oil and gas is usually accompanied by the production of water, also known as produced water. Studies were conducted in platforms that discharge produced water in the Atlantic Ocean due to oil and gas production by Petrobras from 1996 to 2006 in the following basins: Santos (Brazilian south region), Campos (Brazilian southeast region) and Ceara (Brazilian northeast region). This study encompasses chemical composition, toxicological effects, discharge volumes, and produced water behavior after releasing in the ocean, including dispersion plumes modeling and monitoring data of the marine environment. The concentration medians for a sampling of 50 samples were: ammonia (70 mg L-1), boron (1.3 mg L1), iron (7.4 mg L-1), BTEX (4.6 mg L-1), PAH (0.53 mg L-1), TPH (28 mg L-1); phenols (1.3 mg L-1) and radioisotopes (0.15 Bq L-1 for 226Ra and 0.09 Bq L-1 for 228Ra). The concentrations of the organic and inorganic parameters observed for the Brazilian platforms were similar to the international reference data for the produced water in the North Sea and in other regions of the world. It was found significant differences in concentrations of the following parameters: BTEX (p<0.0001), phenols (p=0.0212), boron (p<0.0001), iron (p<0.0001) and toxicological response in sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (p<0.0001) when considering two distinguished groups, platforms from southeast and northeast Region (PCR-1). Significant differences were not observed among the other parameters. In platforms with large gas production, the monoaromatic concentrations (BTEX from 15.8 to 21.6 mg L-1) and phenols (from 2 to 83 mg L-1) were higher than in oil plataforms (median concentrations of BTEX were 4.6 mg L-1 for n=53, and of phenols were 1.3 mg L-1 for n=46). It was also conducted a study about the influence of dispersion plumes of produced water in the vicinity of six platforms of oil and gas production (P-26, PPG-1, PCR-1, P-32, SS-06), and in a hypothetical critical scenario using the chemical characteristics of each effluent. Through this study, using CORMIX and CHEMMAP models for dispersion plumes simulation of the produced water discharges, it was possible to obtain the dilution dimension in the ocean after those discharges. The dispersion plumes of the produced water modelling in field vicinity showed dilutions of 700 to 900 times for the first 30-40 meters from the platform PCR-1 discharge point; 100 times for the platform P-32, with 30 meters of distance; 150 times for the platform P-26, with 40 meters of distance; 100 times for the platform PPG-1, with 130 meters of distance; 280 to 350 times for the platform SS-06, with 130 meters of distance, 100 times for the hypothetical critical scenario, with the 130 meters of distance. The dilutions continue in the far field, and with the results of the simulations, it was possible to verify that all the parameters presented concentrations bellow the maximum values established by Brazilian legislation for seawater (CONAMA 357/05 - Class 1), before the 500 meters distance of the discharge point. These results were in agreement with the field measurements. Although, in general results for the Brazilian produced water presented toxicological effects for marine organisms, it was verified that dilutions of 100 times were sufficient for not causing toxicological responses. Field monitoring data of the seawater around the Pargo, Pampo and PCR-1 platforms did not demonstrate toxicity in the seawater close to these platforms. The results of environmental monitoring in seawater and sediments proved that alterations were not detected for environmental quality in areas under direct influence of the oil production activities in the Campos and Ceara Basin, as according to results obtained in the dispersion plume modelling for the produced water discharge / A produ??o de ?leo e g?s ? normalmente acompanhada da produ??o de ?gua, que ? denominada ?gua produzida. Foram estudadas as plataformas que descartam ?gua produzida no Oceano Atl?ntico atrav?s das opera??es de produ??o de ?leo e g?s nas bacias petrol?feras de Santos (regi?o Sul), Campos (Sudeste) e Cear? (Nordeste) desde 1996 a 2006 operadas pela Petrobras. O estudo abrange caracter?sticas qu?micas, toxicol?gicas, volumes de descarte, e o comportamento da ?gua produzida ap?s o descarte no mar, abrangendo as plumas de dispers?o e dados de monitoramento do ambiente marinho. Para uma amostragem de cerca de 50 amostras, as medianas de concentra??o foram: am?nia (70 mg L-1), b?rio (1,3 mg-1), ferro (7,4 mg L-1), BTEX (4,6 mg L-1), HPA (0,53 mg L-1), THP (28 mg L-1); fen?is (1,3 mg L-1) e radiois?topos (0,15 Bq L-1 para 226Ra e 0,09 Bq L-1 para 228Ra). As concentra??es dos par?metros org?nicos e inorg?nicos observadas para as plataformas brasileiras foram similares aos dados de refer?ncias mundiais para ?gua produzida no Mar do Norte e outras regi?es do mundo. Quando considerados os dois grupos distintos, plataformas da regi?o sudeste e nordeste (PCR-1) foram verificadas diferen?as significativas nas concentra??es dos par?metros: BTEX (p<0,0001), Fen?is (p=0,0212), Boro (p<0,0001), Ferro (p<0,0001), Toxicidade com organismo Lytechnus Variegatus (p<0,0001). Nos demais par?metros n?o foram observadas diferen?as significativas. Nos casos de maior produ??o de g?s as concentra??es de monoarom?ticos (BTEX de 15, 8 a 21,6 mg L-1) e fen?is (2 a 83 mg L-1) foram mais elevadas do que nas plataformas de ?leo (concentra??es medianas de BTEX de 4,6 mg L-1 para n=53, e de fen?is de 1,3 mg L-1, para n=46). Foi realizado um estudo sobre a influ?ncia das plumas de dispers?o da ?gua produzida no entorno de seis plataformas de produ??o de ?leo e g?s (P-26, PPG-1, PCR-1, P-32, SS-06, e um cen?rio cr?tico hipot?tico) usando as caracter?sticas qu?micas de cada um dos efluentes. Atrav?s deste estudo, utilizando os modelos CORMIX e CHEMMAP para simula??o de plumas de dispers?o da ?gua produzida descartada em mar foi poss?vel obter uma dimens?o das dilui??es ocorridas no oceano a partir destes descartes. As modelagens das plumas de dispers?o da ?gua produzida para o campo pr?ximo mostraram dilui??es de cerca de: 700 a 900 vezes logo nos primeiros 30 a 40 metros do ponto de descarte para a plataforma PCR-1; 100 vezes para a plataforma P-32, em dist?ncia de 30 metros; 150 vezes para a plataforma P-26, em dist?ncia de 40 metros; 100 vezes para a plataforma PPG-1, em dist?ncia de 130 metros; 280 a 350 vezes para a plataforma SS-06, em dist?ncia de 130 metros, 100 vezes para o cen?rio critico hipot?tico, em dist?ncia de 130 metros. As dilui??es continuam no campo afastado, e com os resultados das simula??es foi poss?vel verificar que todos os par?metros atingem concentra??es abaixo dos valores limites admitidos pela Resolu??o CONAMA 357/05 para ?guas salinas de classe 1, antes de 500m de dist?ncia do ponto de descarte. Estes resultados est?o coerentes com as medidas de campo. Os estudos realizados na ?gua produzida brasileira apresentaram, de maneira geral, toxicidade para os organismos marinhos, no entanto verifica-se que dilui??es de 100 vezes s?o suficientes para n?o causar o efeito t?xico. Dados de monitoramento da ?gua do mar em torno das plataformas de Pargo, Pampo e PCR-1 n?o evidenciaram toxicidade na ?gua do mar no entorno daquelas plataformas. Os resultados de monitoramento ambiental de ?gua do mar e sedimentos comprovam que n?o foram detectadas altera??es da qualidade ambiental na ?rea sob influ?ncia direta das atividades de produ??o de petr?leo nas Bacias de Campos e do Cear?, corroborando todos os resultados de modelagem da pluma de dispers?o do descarte da ?gua produzida

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2001 - Claudia de Souza.pdf: 251955 bytes, checksum: b69d1d8a6093e5f84e1aeb625a7a998e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-02-16 / The objective of this research was to study the relationship between non-conventional, or agroecological coffee production management and the quality of the product. This was a demand of the Association of Small Coffee Producers of Po?o Fundo, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Six small farms were studied between the months of May and September 1996. Surveys were applied to farmers to find out about the main agricultural practices used by their coffee production. The following chemical and qualitative analyses were performed on the coffee drink from the studied areas: phenolics, poliphenoloxidases, color index and titrable acidity. Macro and micronutrients contents on coffee leaves and soil nutrient levels were evaluated. In addition, visual analysis was also carried out to assess the symptoms of leaf miner caused by Leucoptera coffeella Gu?rin-M?neville & Perrottet, 1842 Lepdoptera: Lyonetiidae (bicho-mineiro) and syndrome of caused by Phoma sp. The farms were typified according to the level of use of practices considered as agroecological or conventional. The results were analyzed by principal component analyses followed by cluster analyses. Two out of the six farms that used the most agroecological practices, formed a distinct group characterized by coffee drink of better quality. However, regarding soil fertility variables, a cluster was formed due to soil acidity. One of the farms using the most agroecological practices, clustered by itself for its lower soil pH, higher exchangeable Al+3 levels and lower Ca+2 levels. The variables related to leaf nutrient levels, were responsible for clustering farms with higher levels of agroecological practices. In this case, clustering took place by the lower levels of leaf S and B and higher levels of Ca and Mg. Also a trend of lower levels of leaf micronutrients on those properties was found. As a recommendation, more attention should be given to soil acidity and micronutrient replacement on those farms. Also, the agroecological practices used by the farms should be studied further since they resulted in better coffee quality. / O objetivo desse estudo foi estudar a rela??o entre o manejo n?o convencional, ou agroecol? gico e a qualidade da bebida de caf?, como resposta a demanda apresentada pela Associa??o de Pequenos Produtores de Po?o Fundo. Seis propriedades foram estudadas entre os meses de maio e setembro de 1996. Entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram aplicadas com objetivo de se conhecer o manejo efetuado nas lavouras de caf?. Foram realizadas an?lises qu?micas qualitativas da bebida do caf? nas ?reas amostradas quanto aos fen?licos totais, polifenoloxidase, ?ndice de cor e acidez titul?vel. Levantamento nutricional das propriedades tamb?m foram efetuados tanto no que diz respeito a an?lises foliares quanto de fertilidade do solo. Al?m disso, foi realizada a observa??o visual quanto ? incid?ncia de sintomas relacionados ? Leucoptera coffeella Gu?rin-M?neville & Perrottet, 1842 Lepdoptera: Lyonetiidae (bicho- mineiro) e da s?ndrome da seca de ponteiros, associados a Phoma sp. As propriedades foram tipificadas quanto ao grau de utiliza??o de pr?ticas consideradas como agroecol?gicas ou convencionais . Os resultados foram analisados por meio de an?lise de componentes principais, seguida de an?lise de conglomerados (clusters) indicaram que as duas propriedades que utilizavam o maior n?mero de pr?ticas agroecol?gicas formaram um grupo distinto, caracterizado por uma qualidade de bebida considerada superior ?s demais. Quanto ?s vari?veis de fertilidade do solo, observou-se um agrupamento relacionando ? acidez do solo; uma propriedade que utilizando o maior n?mero de pr?ticas agroecol?gicas se diferenciou das demais por formar um cluster na regi?o de baixa acidez no solo (pH mais elevado e menor teor de Al troc?vel), bem como menor teor de Ca. As vari?veis de teores foliares tamb?m separaram as duas propriedades de maior uso de pr?ticas agroecol?gicas das demais. Neste caso, a separa??o se deu devido aos menores teores de S e B e uma tend?ncia de maiores teores de Ca e Mg foliares. Os resultados indicam que, apesar do baixo uso de insumos industrializados, a boa qualidade da bebida foi mantida nas duas propriedades de maior grau de uso de pr?ticas agroecol?gicas , embora a acidez do solo estivesse alta (em uma das duas propriedades). H? uma tend?ncia de teores de alguns micronutrientes mais baixos nos cafeeiros dessas propriedades. Assim, como recomenda??es preliminares visando ? melhoria dos cafezais da regi?o estudada, uma maior aten??o deve ser dada aos aspectos de acidez do solo e restitui??o de S e B como tamb?m, as pr?ticas usadas na propriedade considerada como de maior uso de pr?ticas agroecol?gicas devem ser mais estudadas, pois, segundo este estudo relacionam-se a uma melhor qualidade de bebida de caf?.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-30T10:46:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Priscila de Oliveira Silva Maisano.pdf: 823146 bytes, checksum: 794181fc80e4900e6ea3b64b142f9f44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-30T10:46:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Priscila de Oliveira Silva Maisano.pdf: 823146 bytes, checksum: 794181fc80e4900e6ea3b64b142f9f44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / This research was undertaken with the purpose of analyzing the theme "Religiosity and chemical dependency", through the use of religious practices in the treatment of drug addicts in recovery center of Christian confession, in particular Evangelical character. Religious interventions in recovering and licit and illicit drug addicts constitute the object of study of this work, to be developed from the analysis of the conception of religion, Protestant denomination in the prevention and treatment in combating drug abuse by religion. This research proposes to perform a basic research, qualitative analysis and descriptive character, testimonials collected, including via the web, with reference to empirical practices that permeate the internal processing of a particular Evangelical and interdenominational religious institution for the rehabilitation and social integration of drug users, located at a site in the municipality of Nova Igua?u/RJ. With approximately 35 years of activity, this religious institution offers treatment to the drug user and chemical dependent upon occupational therapy, pastoral counseling and interventions and assistance of several churches of different denominations and doctrines which are located in the Baixada Fluminense. In this sense, this research aims to address the relationships between religion and secularization in the contemporary world / Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de analisar o tema ?Religiosidade e Depend?ncia Qu?mica?, mediante o uso de pr?ticas religiosas no tratamento de dependentes qu?micos em centro de recupera??o de confiss?o crist?, em particular, de car?ter evang?lico. As interven??es religiosas na recupera??o de usu?rios e dependentes de drogas l?citas e il?citas constitui o objeto de estudo deste trabalho, a ser desenvolvida a partir da an?lise da concep??o da religi?o de denomina??o protestante na preven??o e tratamento no combate ao consumo de drogas pela religi?o. Trata-se de uma investiga??o que se prop?e a realizar uma pesquisa b?sica, de an?lise qualitativa e de car?ter descritivo, com depoimentos coletados, inclusive via web, tendo como refer?ncia emp?rica as pr?ticas que permeiam o tratamento dos internos de uma determinada institui??o religiosa evang?lica e interdenominacional destinada ? reabilita??o e inser??o social de usu?rios de drogas, localizada em um s?tio no munic?pio de Nova Igua?u/RJ. Com aproximadamente 35 anos de atividade, esta institui??o religiosa oferece tratamento ao usu?rio de drogas e dependente qu?mico, mediante terapia ocupacional, aconselhamento pastoral e interven??es e aux?lio de diversas igrejas de diferentes doutrinas e denomina??es situadas na Baixada Fluminense. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa visa abordar as rela??es entre religi?o e seculariza??o no mundo contempor?neo

CAPES / Honey is generally known for its therapeutic value and the determination of its main floral source allows the certification to the consumer the properties related to its origin. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the quality and characterize eleven honeys from Apis mellifera from the state of Rio de Janeiro according to physico-chemical parameters, to phenolics profile, to the antioxidant activity and also through the use of chemonetric analysis applied to 1H NMR data and HPLC-DAD. Two samples of assa peixe, six samples of cambara and three samples of morr?o-de-candeia honeys from diferente regions of Rio de Janeiro were analyzed. The physico-chemical parameters determined were: HMF content and color through a spectrophotometric method, free acidity and pH. The content of free amminoacids was also determined through the c?dmium-ninhydrine together with total proteins via the Bradford method. The antioxidant ability of honeys and their extracts was qualitatively determined through the total phenolics content using the Folin-Denis method. Total flavonoids were determined by the complexation method with aluminium chloride. The quantitative antioxidant activity of honeys was determined by the trapping of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, by trapping of the ABTS.+ radical and also by the iron reduction method (FRAP). The identification and quantitation of polyphenols in the extracts were done by HPLC-PDA. The use of multivariate analysis for the 1H NMR data and HPLC enabled the distinction of the honeys analyzed in this work. Thus, the use of 1H NMR and HPLC data combined with multivariate analysis may be employed as a new strategy for the fast and non-destructive typification of Brazilian honeys. / No mercado, m?is s?o conhecidos pelo seu poder terap?utico e a designa??o de sua principal fonte floral permite atestar ao consumidor as propriedades de sua origem. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade e caracterizar onze m?is de Apis mellifera provenientes do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, por meio de par?metros f?sico-qu?micos, do perfil de subst?ncias fen?licas, de seus potenciais antioxidantes, al?m de usar m?todos quimiom?tricos aplicados aos dados de RMN de 1H e CLAE-DAD. Para tanto, utilizou-se duas amostras de mel de assa peixe, seis de cambar? e tr?s de morr?o de candeia de diferentes munic?pios do Rio de Janeiro. Os par?metros f?sico-qu?micos avaliados foram: teor de HMF e a cor utilizando m?todo espectrofotom?trico, acidez livre e pH. Al?m dessas determina??es, o conte?do de amino?cidos livre foi avaliado pelo m?todo de c?dmio-ninidrina, e prote?nas totais pelo m?todo de Bradford. A capacidade antioxidante dos m?is e de seus extratos foi avaliada qualitativamente atrav?s do conte?do de fen?licos total pelo m?todo de Folin-Denis, e de flavon?ides total pelo m?todo de complexa??o com cloreto de alum?nio. A quantifica??o do potencial antioxidante foi realizada pela captura do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil (DPPH), captura do radical livre ABTS.+, al?m do m?todo de redu??o do ?on f?rrico (FRAP). A identifica??o e quantifica??o das subst?ncias polifen?licas dos extratos foi feita por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia com detector de arranjo de diodos (CLAE-DAD). A aplica??o da an?lise multivariada aos dados de RMN de H e de CLAE-DAD distinguiu os m?is de assa peixe, cambar? e morr?o de candeia produzidos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Assim, o uso de RMN de 1H e CLAE-DAD combinado com a quimiometria pode ser uma nova estrat?gia para tipifica??o de m?is brasileiros de forma r?pida e n?o destrutiva.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-10T19:35:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Julio Eduardo Paiva Sena Maia.pdf: 4252378 bytes, checksum: c4558d5e8e37e740e16bcf9b41d1c55b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T19:35:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Julio Eduardo Paiva Sena Maia.pdf: 4252378 bytes, checksum: c4558d5e8e37e740e16bcf9b41d1c55b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-10 / Laser flash photolysis (LFP) studies have been performed in order to investigate the triplet reactivity toward hydrogen and electron donors of the benzo-fused furan psoralens 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2H-benzofuro[2,3-e]-1-benzopyran-2-one (1) and 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2H-benzofuro[3,2-d]-1-benzopyran-2-one (2). Photolysis of the psoralens 1 and 2 results in the formation of the corresponding triplet excited state which is efficiently quenched by DABCO, triethylamine and phenols containing polar substituents. The reaction of the triplet state of 1 and 2 with electron donors (DABCO and triethylamine) leads to the formation of the corresponding anion radical whereas with phenols the corresponding aryloxyl radical was easily detected. Quenching rate constants for psoralen 2 are at least one order of magnitude greater than for 1. The Hammett plot for the reaction of 1 and 2 with phenols yielded a reaction constant ? of - 1.88?0.29 and -1.60?0.21, respectively, which reflects the high electrophilicity of the carbonyl group of both psoralens. / Estudos empregando a t?cnica de Fot?lise por Pulso de Laser foram realizados a fim de investigar a reatividade dos estados excitados triplete dos benzopsoralenos 3-etoxicarbonil-2-H-benzofuro[2,3-e]-1-benzopiran-2-ona (Pso 1) e 3-etoxicarbonil-2-H-benzofuro[3,2-d]-1-benzopiran-2-ona (Pso 2) frente a doadores de el?tron e hidrog?nio. A fot?lise dos psoralenos Pso 1 e Pso 2 resulta na forma??o do estado excitado triplete correspondente os quais reagem de forma eficiente com DABCO, trietilamina, fenol e seus derivados contendo substituintes polares. A rea??o dos estados excitados triplete de Pso 1 e Pso 2 com doadores de el?tron (DABCO e trietilamina) levou ? forma??o do ?nion radical correspondente, enquanto que na presen?a de doadores de hidrog?nio como o fenol e seus derivados houve forma??o dos radicais fenoxila correspondentes. As constantes de velocidade obtidos para Pso 2 s?o pelo menos uma ordem de grandeza maior do que as obtidas para Pso 1. Um gr?fico de Hammett para as rea??es do triplete de Pso 1 e Pso 2 frente a fen?is e seus derivados produziu constante de rea??o (?? de - 1,88?0,29 e de -1,60 ? 0,21, respectivamente, o que reflete a alta eletrofilicidade do grupo carbon?lico para ambos os benzopsoralenos.

Submitted by PPG Educa??o em Ci?ncias e Matem?tica (educem-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-03T14:37:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO THIAGO VICENTINI versao final homologada.pdf: 4848195 bytes, checksum: 3f2f02a4f9197c713b4a6b157130b8b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-05T14:41:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO THIAGO VICENTINI versao final homologada.pdf: 4848195 bytes, checksum: 3f2f02a4f9197c713b4a6b157130b8b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-05T14:54:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO THIAGO VICENTINI versao final homologada.pdf: 4848195 bytes, checksum: 3f2f02a4f9197c713b4a6b157130b8b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This research contains information on four collections of textbooks of the Chemical component approved in the PNLD of 2015 address the chemical knowledge, promoting requisites for the formation of mental representations, in Peirce (1974), and avoiding epistemological obstacles, in Bachelard. For this analysis, chapters of Chemical Reactions, Chemical Kinetics and Alcohol function were selected as sources of texts for the investigation, due to the importance of this knowledge for the academic level of Basic Education. The texts were analyzed qualitatively, relating the main characteristics of the essays of the chapters with the theoretical assumptions that guided the investigation. With respect to the approach of aspects of chemical knowledge and mental representations, the analysis aimed to understand convergent characteristics in the writing of the texts with the theory of Jonhstone, assumptions of Mortimer and the semiotic theory of Peirce. With regard to the epistemological obstacles, tables were built to identify and categorize the impediments identified in the texts. With the end of the analysis, it was understood that the books do not have the same properties regarding the ways of approaching chemical knowledge, and most of the texts presented deficiencies in relation to the phenomenological approach. Regarding mental representations, most of the books did not demonstrate adequate characteristics, mainly related to the First level, initial stage for the formation of a mental representation. Regarding the epistemological obstacles, a small quantity was identified, not having any relevance to impair the learning of the chemical knowledge present in the textbooks. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender como as quatro cole??es de livros did?ticos do componente Qu?mica aprovados no PNLD de 2015 abordam os conhecimentos qu?micos, na perspectiva de Johnstone (1993) e Mortimer, Machado e Romanelli (2000), como promovem requisitos para forma??o de representa??es mentais, em Peirce (1974), e como se comportam em rela??o aos obst?culos epistemol?gicos, em Bachelard (1996). Para esta an?lise, foram selecionados cap?tulos de Rea??es Qu?micas, Cin?tica Qu?mica e Fun??o ?lcool como fontes de textos para a investiga??o, devido ? import?ncia desses conhecimentos para o n?vel acad?mico da Educa??o B?sica. Os textos foram analisados qualitativamente, relacionando as principais caracter?sticas das reda??es dos cap?tulos com os pressupostos te?ricos que orientam a investiga??o. Por meio da an?lise empreendida, conclui-se que as obras n?o possuem as mesmas propriedades referentes aos modos de abordar os conhecimentos qu?micos, tendo a maioria dos textos apresentados defici?ncias em rela??o ? abordagem fenomenol?gica. Sobre as representa??es mentais, grande parte dos livros n?o demonstraram caracter?sticas adequadas, principalmente relacionadas com a primeiridade, est?gio inicial para a forma??o de uma representa??o mental. Referentes aos obst?culos epistemol?gicos, uma quantidade pouco significativa foi identificada, n?o tendo relev?ncia em rela??o ? aprendizagem dos conhecimentos qu?micos presentes nos livros did?ticos.