The diploma thesis evaluates the benefits of a section of the Elbe route between the city of Hradec Kralove and the village of Kuks. In the theoretical part, frequently used terms are explained, along with the history of cycle tourism, the Elbe route is introduced, as well as the subjects taking care of it, and the costs and benefits of cycle tourism are described. The practical part is focused on the mentioned section of the route -- it depicts this section and then moves to present and analyze the results of the survey conducted during this study.

This thesis examines the determinants of air route profitability in the European Union and the cooperating countries of Norway and Switzerland. Building on the assumption that only profitable routes are served, I develop a set of probit models that specify route service as a function of route characteristics, airline networks' attributes, airline partnerships and competition. Estimation results show that route profitability increases with population size and decreases with flight distance and the time efficiency of car travel relative to air travel. An airline's airport presence, that is, its share of airport operations, exerts a significant, positive effect on its route profitability, and so does airport presence of its group or allied partners. Competitive effects are asymmetric across airline business types. This paper's contribution to existing airline-route profitability studies lies in accounting for airline cooperation, controlling for an alternative mode of transport, and using EU data for estimation.

The assignment for the diplomatic work was mentioned in the technological project of the Vila Park in Olomouc. The task was to mention the underground floor of the 2nd dilatation and the building of the apartment house B7 with three floors, which is connected via the basement communication. The content of the technical report in the construction technology project, broader relationships, land-use planning, timeable, equipment design, machine assembly design, technological prescription of waterproof concrete construction, control and test plan, plan and item budget.

Le contrôle des chaussées neuves en génie civil est primordial pour assurer sa bonne miseen oeuvre et lui conférer une durée de vie optimale. Dans cet objectif, divers paramètresphysiques nécessitent d'être scrupuleusement calibrés et contrôlés afin d'éviter une dégradation précoce de la chaussée et des problèmes de sécurité pour les conducteurs qui l'empruntent. De plus, les coûts associés à la mise en place et à la maintenance des chaussées sont considérables. Parmi les propriétés qui requièrent une attention particulière, la compacité, qui est indicative de la quantité d'air en volume dans la chaussée, est celle qui nous intéresse dans cette étude. Actuellement, seulement deux méthodes en laboratoire (en Europe) sont considérées comme des méthodes normalisées pour déterminer la compacité. Néanmoins, ces techniques sont destructives et/ou nucléaires ce qui est un frein majeur à leur utilisation. Durant ces deux dernières décennies, de nouvelles techniques électromagnétiques (non nucléaires et non destructives) ont émergé et ont prouvé leur forte utilité dans le domaine de la géophysique et du génie civil et plus particulièrement pour la détermination de la compacité. Cependant, ces nouvelles techniques nécessitent de prendre un certain nombre de précautions pour déterminer la compacité. Tout d'abord, elles permettent de mesurer la permittivité diélectrique du matériau en question. Ainsi pour déterminer la compacité, il est nécessaire d'utiliser des lois de mélange électromagnétiques. L'utilisation de ces modèles requiert une connaissance précise des constituants qui composent la chaussée ainsi que de leurs propriétés (masse volumique et permittivité diélectrique). La première partie de ce travail démontre la pertinence d'utiliser un radar à sauts de fréquences pour déterminer la compacité. L'étude de plusieurs lois de mélange électromagnétiques a été réalisée et les modèles présentant les meilleurs résultats ont été sélectionnés. Cependant, ces techniques font face de nos jours à un problème majeur. En effet, l'utilisation de matériaux recyclés est de plus en plus fréquente pour la construction de nouvelles chaussées ce qui rend la détermination de la compacité encore plus difficile par des méthodes électromagnétiques. Par conséquent, plusieurs méthodologies ont été développées, et sont proposées pour déterminer la compacité d'une nouvelle autoroute qui comporte des matériaux recyclés. La seconde partie de ces travaux de recherche porte sur la caractérisation diélectrique de plusieurs roches qui sont les éléments principaux d'une chaussée. Cette caractérisation est validée de basses à hautes fréquences mais aussi en fonction de la température. Les résultats montrent que à haute fréquence, la permittivité est principalement dépendante de la densité et de la composition chimique de la roche. En revanche, lorsque la fréquence d'investigation diminue et que la température varie, d'autres phénomènes apparaissent et changent dramatiquement le comportement diélectrique de la roche. Il a également été montré que l'eau joue un rôle majeur dans le comportement diélectrique à basse fréquence de la roche. Ces phénomènes se répercutent à "haute fréquence" par de très faibles variations qui pourraient expliquer les déviations obtenues par les méthodes électromagnétiques capacitives qui fonctionnent dans la région du MHz et qui sont également utilisées pour le contrôle de la compacité des chaussées neuves. / The control of new paved road is primordial to ensure its quality as well as its lifetime. Thus, several physical properties need to be well calibrated and controlled in order to avoid early degradations and safety issues for the drivers. Furthermore, the coast associated to the road building and the road maintenance is significant which makes the implementation of asphalt pavement according to the standard even more important. Among the properties that need attentions, the compactness which is indicative of the air void concentration in the asphalt pavement is the one we are interested in. Currently, only two methods in laboratory (in Europe) are considered as standards to assess the compactness. Nevertheless, these techniques are either nuclear or destructive which is a major hindrance. In the past two decades, new electromagnetic (EM) techniques have emerged and proved their great utility for geophysics or civil engineering applications and more importantly for the compactness assessment. However, these non-destructive and non-nuclear methods require many special precautions for the compactness assessment. First of all, they allow to measure the dielectric permittivity of the investigated material. Then to figure out the compactness, the use of EM mixing models is required. This leads to the accurate knowledge of every components constituting the asphalt pavement and their related properties (density and permittivity). The first main part of this work spotlights the relevance of using a step frequency radar for the compactness assessment. The study of several EM mixing models is performed to select the most appropriate ones. Nowadays, one of the challenges to address for these techniques is that the use of recycled materials is more and more commonly implemented for new roads building. Indeed, as the knowledge of the component properties is required, this makes the compactness assessment even more difficult. As a consequence, several methods have been developed and are proposed to assess the compactness of a new paved highway containing recycled asphalt pavement. The second main part of this research is the dielectric characterization of many rocks which are the main component of the asphalt pavement. This characterization is validated from low to high frequencies and also as a function of the temperature. The results show at high frequency that the permittivity is mainly dependent on the density and the chemical composition of the rock. However, as the frequency decreases and the temperature varies, this is not longer true and additional phenomena appear and drastically change the dielectric behavior of the rock. Also, it has been shown that the water plays a major role on the dielectric behavior at low frequency. This phenomena are reflected partially by small variations at "high frequency" that could explained the deviations obtained for capacitive techniques which work in the MHz region and which are used also for the compactness assessment.

La République de Djibouti, pays à revenu intermédiaire, apparaît comme un pôle traditionnel d’immigration pour les pays voisins. Colonie française d’importance stratégique depuis la fin du XIXe siècle, il a été une vitrine économique pour les ouvriers des pays limitrophes. Ce rôle s’est renforcé par l’attrait de la ville de Djibouti. Aujourd’hui, les ressortissants originaires de l’Ethiopie notamment les Oromo sont une des communautés étrangères les plus nombreuses installées à Djibouti, et plus particulièrement dans le quartier de Balbala dans la ville de Djibouti. Cette mobilité ou mouvement de la population (réfugiés, migrants économiques clandestins ou réguliers, trafiquants ou réfugiés politiques) est devenue un enjeu sécuritaire majeur pour la République de Djibouti. Les répercussions sociales, économiques, sanitaires et sécuritaires de ces migrations préoccupent les gouvernements des pays de la région. Mais comment s’organisent ces mobilités de personnes ? Quel est le rôle des individus et des réseaux sociaux dans la mise en place et le maintien des logistiques du mouvement ? Plus largement, quels peuvent être les impacts de ces mises en relation multiformes pour les sociétés et les territoires qui les accueillent ? C’est à de telles questions que nous nous attachons en proposant ici une lecture socio-spatiale du système migratoire Oromo. Analysant les stratégies mises en place par les migrants, nous révélons aussi les différentes étapes du processus migratoire. / The Republic of Djibouti, a middle-income country, appears as a traditional pole of immigration for neighboring countries. A French colony of strategic importance since the end of the 19th century, it has been an economic showcase for workers from neighboring countries. This role was reinforced by the attraction of the city of Djibouti. Today, nationals from Ethiopia including the Oromo are one of the largest foreign communities settled in Djibouti, and especially in Balbala in Djibouti city. So this mobility or movement of the population (refugees, clandestine or regular economic migrants, traffickers or political refugees) has become a major security issue for the Republic of Djibouti. The social, economic, health and security implications of these migrations are of concern to the governments of the countries of the region. But how are these mobilities of people organized? What is the role of individuals and social networks in setting up and maintaining the logistics of the movement? More broadly, what can be the impact of these multiform relationships between societies and the territories who are hosting them ? It is to such questions that we attach by proposing here a socio-spatial reading of the Oromo migration system. Analyzing the strategies put in place by migrants, we also reveal the different stages of the migration process.

The future of electric aircraft is closing in, with several companies racing to develop the first electric aircraft for commercial use. Researchers believe that electric aircraft have many benefits compared to conventional aircraft: the decrease of emissions, cheaper costs in the chain of development from manufacturing to ticket prices and a decrease in both fuel costs and overall operating costs. Amidst the race for the development of electric aircraft for commercial purposes between new and existing manufacturers, there is missing information which is needed to understand the profitability of electric aircraft. The question remains of how much the cost will change between conventional aircraft and electric aircraft. The aim of this study is to compare the operating cost of an electric aircraft (with 19 seats) to similar conventional aircraft on regional routes. The comparison would inform the decision of airlines interested in investing in electric aviation. To help achieve the aim of the study, a comparison analysis, a cost calculation, and analysis, as well as a SWOT analysis were performed using data gathered through literature search, a case study, and interviews. The study was performed on two conventional aircraft, the Beechcraft 1900D and the Jetstream JS31, both turboprop aircraft powered by jet fuel, and an electric aircraft, Heart Aerospace’s ES-19. Common for all aircraft is the capacity of 19 seats and their utilization for short-range flights. The total cost of electric aircraft is between 15 to 22% cheaper than the operating cost for conventional aircraft. The most expensive category for electric aircraft is the ownership cost, which can be reduced through mass production of electric aircraft, as the ownership cost of aircraft is generally higher when fewer aircraft are made. The electric aircraft is currently at a disadvantage due to the weight of the batteries and overall aircraft weight, which increases the weight-related airport charges. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>

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Cancer is still one of the most common causes of death world-wide and in parallel there is a need to update the repertoire of therapies that withstand resistance of recurrent cancers. Since the introduction of antibody therapies as anti-cancer pharmaceuticals, recognized as immunotherapy in health care, it has been an increasing field in cancer therapy, as a more targeted treatment compared to chemotherapy. Despite the great success, immunotherapy rely on parenteral administration, partly due to poor tissue penetration. If the treatment is administered intravenously, specialized personnel is required, in addition to that it can be inconvenient for the patient. Also, pharmaceuticals based on antibodies often require costly production steps which yields a high-priced treatment. To approach this problem, researchers have developed small affinity domains with the aim to increase tissue penetration while keeping a high specificity to its target. Albumin Binding Domain Derived Affinity Protein (ADAPT) is an example of a small affinity domain of only 7 kDa, which is based on albumin binding domain (ABD) from the streptococcal protein G. Recently, it was shown that the ADAPTs can be further engineered to bind albumin and another relevant target protein of interest simultaneously, which suggests a tolerable half-life in patient serum, alternative administration routes and lower production costs compared to antibody treatments. Furthermore, less side effects are expected due to higher specificity compared to chemotherapy. This work presents the characterization of novel ADAPT proteins that the target the cancer relatedproteins C-C motif ligand 7 (CCL7), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5). The new constructs were produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and purified using affinity chromatography. Moreover, the results demonstrate bispecific binding with high affinity towards serum albumin and CCL7 and CEACAM5 respectively, while the ADAPT variants targeting VEGF-A remain to be further developed. Lastly, the importance of different amino acids for structural and binding properties of one CEACAM5 binder are stated. It reveals that the target binding relies on hydrophobic interactions which also can be connected to its poor structural attributes. Accordingly, this project adds new insights about the ADAPTs which can be useful in research towards future clinical applications aimed to improve cancer treatments.