Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissCRA.pdf: 2881527 bytes, checksum: 170077d154194d63029bede487348ee9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-05-11 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Our country current socioeconomic environment is critical, with significant reduction in the construction industry consumer trade and great competition among this sector corporations which, to keep producing, are obliged to rethink their way to do so. Then, since the 80´s, these corporations have been questioning their technological delay and the low quality of their products, investing, afterwards, in the sector modernization. In this context, this research proposes a discussion about the adopted actions for sector technological modernization in order to rationalize and improve quality, as well as its technological level, emphasizing the Pumbling Systems. To do so, bibliographies related to the subject have been consulted to get familiar to the problem and possible ways to face the question and, in a later moment, verify it using cases of study. A field research was held in medium and small construction corporations in Ribeirão Preto. It was structured with visits to the buildings, where items related to the problems were verified through a Check-list and, later, analyzed to determine the corporation technological level related to the Pumbling Systems. In this research, it was evidenced the construction corporation unconcern related to the Pumbling Systems and its less importance compared to another sub-systems, such as architecture and structures. The technological level found in these corporations brings out the evidence of management investment necessity, creation of standard procedures and evaluation and selection criterion of the work. Only after consolidating these questions, the introduction of technological innovations will achieve their purposes. / O momento socioeconômico do país é crítico, com redução significativa do mercado consumidor da construção civil e acirrada competição entre as empresas do setor que, para continuarem produzindo, são obrigadas a repensar sua forma de fazê-lo. Assim, a partir da década de 1980, estas empresas vêm questionando seu atraso tecnológico e a baixa qualidade de seus produtos, passando a investir na modernização do setor. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa se propõe a discutir as ações adotadas para modernização tecnológica do setor em vias de racionalização e melhoria da qualidade, bem como seu patamar tecnológico, enfatizando os Sistemas Prediais Hidráulicos e Sanitários (SPHS). Para tanto, bibliografias pertinentes ao assunto foram consultadas para ambientação no problema e possíveis formas de encarar a questão para, em um segundo momento, verificá-la através de estudo de casos. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em empresas construtoras de pequeno e médio porte na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, estruturada com visitas às obras, onde foram verificados os itens referentes à problemática, através de listas de verificação (Check-list) e, posteriormente, analisados para determinar o patamar tecnológico da empresa com relação aos SPHS. Nesta dissertação, constatou-se a despreocupação das construtoras em relação aos SPHS e sua pouca importância frente a outros subsistemas, como arquitetura e estruturas. O patamar tecnológico encontrado nestas empresas evidencia a necessidade de investimentos em sua gestão, a criação de padrões de procedimentos e critérios de avaliação e seleção dos serviços prestados. Somente depois de consolidadas estas questões, a introdução de inovações tecnológicas surtirá o efeito desejado.

Face cachée de la grande distribution, les entrepôts reçoivent les produits des fournisseurs et les distribuent aux magasins. Ils sont rattachés à un secteur relativement méconnu, la logistique, qui s'est progressivement autonomisé pour devenir un acteur majeur, bien que subalterne, des économies contemporaines. Cette thèse étudie les transformations induites par ce positionnement ainsi que les réformes organisationnelles et sociotechniques qui l'ont accompagné et qui ont fait de l'entrepôt une usine à colis dans laquelle des ouvriers produisent le flux. Des trajectoires professionnelles marquées par la contrainte et la pénibilité les amènent à composer avec l'intensification des tâches, le contrôle informatique des procédures, un temps de travail élastique et une rémunération au rendement, au sein d'un univers où il est difficile d'inscrire sa présence dans la durée. Lorsqu'ils revendiquent un attachement au métier ou une volonté de faire carrière, ils se heurtent à une déqualification des postes qui restreint les possibles en entrepôt. Plus que la relation marchande, ce sont des contraintes industrielles auxquels ils se confrontent au quotidien et qu'ils tentent de mettre à distance à défaut de toujours pouvoir les contourner. Dans ce contexte, la résistance des corps constitue une limite dont le dépassement est un enjeu individuel et collectif. La prise en charge informelle de la souffrance implique des équilibres précaires qui engagent l'individu dans et au-delà de son travail, alors que la problématique de santé intégrée à des dispositifs de gestion entraîne l'entrepôt vers un durcissement de la dynamique de rationalisation. / Warehouses - the hidden side of food retail firms - take in products sent in by suppliers and dispatch them to stores. They are part of a relatively little-known industry, the logistics sector, which progressively developed as an independent sector and became a major player, although subordinate, in contemporary economies. This thesis studies the transformations induced by this singular position as well as its consequent organizational and sociotechnical remodels that made the warehouse into a veritable « package factory » where workers produce the flow of merchandise. The workers' professional trajectories, marked by constraint and drudgery, lead them to cope with the intensification of their tasks, computerized monitoring and oversight of procedures, elastic shifts and hours as well as performance-based remuneration, all taking place in a world where keeping a long-term presence is proving difficult. When workers assert a real attachment to their trade or a desire to stake a career in it, they are confronted with a disqualification of the positions that limits the possibilities inside the warehouse. More than a commercial relationship, what these workers encounter and practice every day are industrial constraints, which they attempt to distance themselves from when they find no way of bypassing them. In this context, the resistance of bodies constitutes a limit, the surpassing of which is an individual and collective stake. The informal treatment of suffering implies some precarious balancing acts engaging the individual in their work as well as beyond, while the health issue, integrated into management mechanisms, is leading warehouses to a hardening of the rationalization -dynamic.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1701770 bytes, checksum: df336a3ba31c20c51b489e214ecd333b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-29 / Airport environments are great water consumers and use significant amounts of these resources to attend non-potable demands. The need for non-potable water and the presence of large roof areas, as well as the existence of bird control programs and the absence of large trees all make airports potential places for the implementation of processes and technologies for water conservation through rainwater use systems. This study had the objective to assess the potential for rainwater collected from the roofs in the Tancredo Neves International Airport Complex, in Confins, Minas Gerais, to attend its non-potable water demands, and also to propose a treatment which is economically feasible and ease to be replicated. / Ambientes aeroportuários são pontos de consumo significativos de água e utilizam quantidades expressivas desse bem no atendimento a demandas não potáveis. A elevada necessidade de água não potável, em consonância com a presença de grandes áreas de telhados, existência de programas de controle de pássaros e ausência de árvores de grande porte, configuram os aeroportos como ambientes potenciais à implementação de medidas, processos e tecnologias com vistas à conservação da água através de sistemas de aproveitamento de água pluvial. Este estudo pretendeu avaliar o potencial do Aeroporto Internacional Tancredo Neves AITN, Confins, Minas Gerais, na utilização de água pluvial provenientes de telhados para atendimento de demandas não potáveis e a proposição de uma tecnologia de tratamento economicamente viável e de fácil replicação.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonidas Leoni Belan.pdf: 805264 bytes, checksum: 289f94ba0772e5704818deb58e624829 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 / The coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br) is one of the factors which contributes for the reduction of conilon coffee productivity; and on clones susceptibility, the most important measure of management is done by chemical control. The management programs are based on pre-determined application calendars or associations of fungicides with systemic insecticides applied on the soil. With the genetic diversity of C. canephora, the line planting of clones makes possible the differenced fitossanitary management for each clone. However, there are few studies about the disease intensity monitoring on the plants and rational management of the rust/conilon pathosystem, and that give support to the principles of Coffee Integrated Production System (CIP). The development of technologies which makes viable the CIP system to the C. canephora particularities is necessary. Therefore, the following hypotheses were formulated: 1) it is possible to make the management of rust in clonal plantings of conilon coffee in different ways for each clone; 2) it is possible to generalize a management plan of rust based on the previously pre-determined dates; 3) application of systemic fungicides on the soil in pre-determined dates is not the most efficient system of rust management; and 4) it is possible to reduce the volume of applied fungicides and the cost of the rust management on clonal plantings of conilon coffee. In order to assess these hypotheses, the objective was to evaluate the applicability of a system of rust management for each clone of conilon coffee cultivated in line (CIP), comparing it to the conventional system of management adopted by the producers (PROD). The study was conducted in two fields of conformity of the Integrated Production located on the cities of Castelo and Nova Venécia Espírito Santo, Brazil. These fields were compounded by 13 clones of the cultivar Conilon Vitória INCAPER 8142 planted on homogeneous lines for each clone. Twelve monthly evaluations were performed (2010 September to 2011 August) for rust incidence in plants of each clone. Progress curves of the disease were traced and the data transformed in area under the curve of disease progress. Based on the obtained results, it was verified that is possible to make the rust management in clonal fields in a different way for each clone, using the disease monitoring. The proposal of the CIP system on evaluating the disease occurrence in each planting line may dispense the application of systemic fungicide on resistant clones or in unfavorable conditions to the disease occurrence, or may indicate the correct moment for this application. However, in favorable conditions and on highly susceptible clones, this system may elevate the number of fungicide applications. In areas with constant occurrence of rust in plants, the systemic fungicide on the soil reduced the intensity of the plant disease; however, the anticipated application of these products in pre-determined dates, in unfavorable conditions to the disease occurrence, can allow the elevation of its intensity at harvest time. Through the field book CIP-Conilon, local technical coefficients were collected for the calculation and comparison of the cost of rust management. The rust management in the CIP principles reduced in average 71.3% of the volume of applied fungicide/ha/year, in relation to the total applied on the PROD areas; reducing in average 22% the rust management cost on conilon coffee clones and turning it more rational and sustainable / A ferrugem (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br) é a principal doença que contribui para a redução da produtividade do café conilon; e em clones suscetíveis, a principal medida de manejo é o controle químico. Os programas de manejo baseiam-se em calendários fixos de aplicação ou associação de fungicidas com inseticidas sistêmicos aplicados via solo. Diante da diversidade genética de C. canephora, o plantio em linha de clones possibilita o manejo de doenças diferenciado para cada clone. No entanto são poucos os estudos sobre o monitoramento da intensidade da doença nas plantas e o manejo racional do patossistema ferrugem/conilon, e que dão suporte aos princípios da Produção Integrada de Café (PIC). É necessário o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que viabilizem o sistema PIC para as particularidades de C. canephora. Assim, formulou-se as seguintes hipóteses: 1) é possível fazer o manejo da ferrugem em lavouras clonais de café conilon de forma diferenciada para cada clone; 2) é possível generalizar um plano de manejo da ferrugem com base em datas pré-fixadas; 3) a aplicação de fungicidas sistêmicos via solo em datas pré-fixadas não é o sistema mais eficiente de manejo da ferrugem; e 4) é possível reduzir o volume de fungicidas aplicados e o custo do manejo da ferrugem em lavouras clonais de café conilon. Para testar essas hipóteses, objetivou-se avaliar a aplicabilidade de um sistema de manejo da ferrugem, para cada clone de café conilon cultivados em linha (PIC), comparando-o com o sistema convencional de manejo adotado pelos produtores (PROD). O estudo foi conduzido em dois campos de conformidade da Produção Integrada localizados nos municípios de Castelo e Nova Venécia Espírito Santo, Brasil. Esses campos foram compostos por plantas de café conilon dos 13 clones da cultivar Conilon Vitória INCAPER 8142 plantados em linhas homogêneas para cada clone. Foram realizadas 12 avaliações mensais (setembro de 2010 a agosto de 2011) da incidência da ferrugem em plantas de cada clone. Foram traçadas curvas de progresso da doença e os dados transformados em área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. Com base nos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que é possível realizar o manejo da ferrugem em lavouras clonais de café conilon de forma diferenciada para cada clone, empregando-se o monitoramento da doença. A proposta do sistema PIC em avaliar a incidência da ferrugem em cada linha de plantio pode dispensar a aplicação de fungicida sistêmico em clones resistentes ou em condições desfavoráveis à ocorrência da doença, ou ainda indicar o momento ideal para essa aplicação; porém em condições favoráveis e em clones suscetíveis, este sistema pode elevar o número de aplicações de fungicida. Em áreas com ocorrência constante da ferrugem nas plantas, o fungicida sistêmico aplicado via solo reduziu a intensidade da doença na lavoura; no entanto, a aplicação antecipada desses produtos em datas pré-fixadas, em condições desfavoráveis à ocorrência da doença, pode permitir a elevação de sua intensidade na época da colheita. Por meio do caderno de campo PIC-Conilon foram coletados coeficientes técnicos locais para cálculo e comparação do custo do manejo da ferrugem. O manejo da ferrugem dentro dos princípios da PIC reduziu em média 71,3% do volume de fungicida aplicado/ha/ano, em relação ao total aplicado nas áreas PROD; reduzindo em média 22% o custo do manejo da ferrugem em clones de café conilon e tornando-o mais racional e sustentável

O aproveitamento atual da vinhaça, subproduto da produção do álcool pelas Destilarias Autônomas e Usinas de Açúcar e Álcool, se faz tanto pelo seu valor nutricional quanto pelo seu potencial na geração de energia elétrica. A vinhaça, que antes era lançada diretamente nos cursos dágua, a partir da década de 70, com o aumento dos preços dos fertilizantes minerais, passou a ser reutilizada como subproduto para a adubação canavieira. Recentemente, com a evolução da política ambiental do Setor, suas práticas agroindústrias passaram a priorizar o uso eficiente de seus subprodutos, seja através da racionalização em suas aplicações ou pelo uso de tecnologias que potencializem os seus benefícios. Esse estudo resumiu-se em analisar a viabilidade técnica, mensurar os aspectos econômicos e caracterizar os aspectos ambientais das tecnologias de condicionamento e aproveitamento da vinhaça mais difundidas no Brasil e, em especial, no Estado de São Paulo: aplicação in natura no solo (fertirrigação in natura), biodigestão e concentração. A análise técnica se baseou na utilização dessas tecnologias pelas Unidades Agroindustriais estudadas e na oferta de mercado por parte de empresas de tecnologia. Para a análise econômica da fertirrigação in-natura, a substituição da adubação mineral e os lucros obtidos foram os parâmetros utilizados. Já na análise da biodigestão e da concentração, o modelo foi construído a partir dos seguintes indicadores econômicos: fluxo de caixa, valor presente líquido, método do custo/benefício, taxa interna de retorno e período de retorno. Como parte final, a análise ambiental foi direcionada para a mitigação dos impactos gerados pela aplicação in natura, em especial as emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). A viabilidade técnica foi confirmada para as três tecnologias, seja pela utilização em campo e/ou pela diversificada oferta das tecnologias de biodigestão e concentração pelo mercado especializado. Quanto à viabilidade econômica, a fertirrigação in natura se demonstrou altamente lucrativa para o Brasil, Estado de São Paulo e Centro-Sul do País. Já a biodigestão, que necessitou de tecnologias complementares de geração de energia para a análise de sua viabilidade, apresentou-se viável quando associada aos queimadores e turbinas em todas as condições estudadas. Quando associada aos motogeradores, a sua viabilidade foi atestada em duas ocasiões. Contudo, a inviabilidade apresentada quando os cálculos foram baseados em valores de venda de energia atualizados - média de R$102,41 por MWh produzido - justificou a ausência desses projetos nos últimos leilões de energia. Ao contrário das outras tecnologias, a tecnologia da concentração se demonstrou completamente inviável a partir das condições econômicas utilizadas. Já na questão ambiental, a fertirrigação in natura apresentou diversas vantagens e desvantagens, ficando a sua utilização condicionada a estudos locais. Para a biodigestão e a concentração, essas tecnologias apresentaram diversos ganhos frente à utilização in natura, sendo a primeira responsável pela mitigação dos GEE e a segunda pela maior racionalização na aplicação de vinhaça e por um melhor equacionamento dos altos volumes de água utilizados pelas Usinas e Destilarias. / The current use of vinasse, a byproduct of ethanol production by independent distilleries and Sugar and Alcohol plants, is done both for its nutritional value as for its potential in generating electricity. By mid-century the vinasse was released directly into water streams as final disposal, resulting in serious environmental problems. From the 70\'s, with the rising prices of mineral fertilizers, the reuse of this byproduct fertilizer for sugar cane production became practical. Recently, with the evolution of environmental policy of this sector, agribusiness practices began to prioritize the efficient use of byproducts, either by rationalizing their application or by the use of technologies that enhance its benefits. This study is summarized in analyze the technical feasibility, measure the economic aspects and characterize the environmental aspects of the technologies of conditioning and reuse of vinasse more widespread in Brazil and, in particular, the state of São Paulo: natural application, biodigestion and concentration. Technical analysis was based on the use of these technologies by agro-industrial units studied and market supply by technology companies. For the economic analysis of the natural application, the substitution of mineral fertilizer and profits were the parameters used. For the analysis of biodigestion and concentration, the model was constructed from the following economic indicators: cash flow, net present value method, the cost / benefit ratio, internal rate of return and payback period. As the final part, the environmental analysis was aimed at mitigating the impacts generated by the natural application, in especial, the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The technical feasibility has been confirmed for the three technologies, either for the use in the field, by a wide advantage for the natural application, or the supply of biodigestion and concentration technologies by the specialized market. For the economic feasibility, natural application has been shown highly profitable for Brazil, Sao Paulo State and Center- South of the country. The biodigestion, which required complementary generate energy technologies for your viability analysis, presented feasible when combined with the flares and turbines in all conditions studied. When associated with the motor generator, its feasibility was attested on two occasions. However, its feasibility wasn´t reached when the calculations were based on recent values of power sales - an average of R$ 102.41 per MWh produced - justifying the absence of these projects in recent energy auctions. Unlike other technologies, the technology of concentration is shown completely unfeasible from the economic conditions used. In the environmental issue, the natural application presented several advantages and disadvantages, being its use conditioned to local studies. For biodigestion and concentration, these technologies had several gains when compared with the natural application, being, the first, responsible for the mitigation of GHGs and, the second, responsible for an application more rational of vinasse and for a reduction of the high volumes of water used by plants and distilleries.

La loi du 4 mars 2002 relative aux droits des malades et à la qualité du système de soins donne une définition unique des réseaux de santé. Ils représentent aujourd’hui une forme organisationnelle inscrite dans les politiques régionales de santé et sont soutenus financièrement par les agences régionales de santé (ARS). La recherche menée a pour objet la participation des personnes malades au fonctionnement et à l’activité d’un réseau de santé. En effet, si les textes législatifs consacrent la place de l’usager dans le système de soins et si la politique de santé proclame sa participation, qu’en est-il dans la réalité quotidienne des pratiques au sein d’un réseau de santé ? Cette recherche s’intéresse ainsi de manière plus spécifique aux interactions entre les professionnels et les usagers en envisageant le réseau comme un espace de coopération. L’étude comparative de deux réseaux de santé diabète montre comment – face à une double contrainte, celles des politiques de santé et celle d’une régulation économique dominante - ce dispositif est soumis à une logique gestionnaire le conduisant à devenir une réponse instrumentale aux dysfonctionnements du système de santé, tel que les cloisonnements multiples du système de santé, une pénurie démographique de professionnels médicaux ou encore une spécialisation technique croissante des activités en santé. Mais en même temps, ces réseaux constituent un espace expérimental propice à la mise en œuvre d’une pratique communautaire en santé. Le corpus de données a été constitué principalement à partir de 31 entretiens biographiques auprès des personnes diabétiques, d'entretiens thématiques auprès des professionnels salariés des réseaux et d’observations des pratiques d’éducation thérapeutique, une prestation de service proposée par les réseaux. Cette prestation de service interroge les modalités possibles d’un travail ensemble dans la gestion d’une maladie chronique entre les professionnels et les personnes malades. En fonction des conceptions en santé des professionnels et des logiques d’action en présence, l’étude montre deux tendances : une personne malade partenaire des soins et un patient auxiliaire de soins. Par ailleurs, les réseaux étudiés présentent des modalités organisationnelles différentes, un modèle linéaire et un modèle satellitaire où la coordination d’acteurs occupe une place majeure. Derrière ce terme de coordination se cache, dans les deux cas, un principe de rationalisation des activités en santé propre au système sanitaire actuel. Les réseaux sont ainsi soumis à une instrumentalisation économique, ils deviennent des prestataires de l’offre de soins sur un territoire. Cette instrumentalisation des réseaux de santé est mise en œuvre principalement par des procédures d’évaluation. Celles-ci s’appuient sur des données épidémiologiques et reposent sur une approche quantitative de résultats en santé. Dans une logique gestionnaire, la personne malade doit adopter des comportements conformes aux normes de santé pour permettre l’atteinte des objectifs organisationnels planifiés dans le cadre d’une politique de santé publique. Face au développement des maladies chroniques, le champ de la santé s’est modifié, mais le système de santé français reste organisé selon une logique biomédicale. L’évaluation prend appui sur des savoirs normatifs, et les pratiques des professionnels sont très imprégnées par cette logique biomédicale. Néanmoins, l’étude montre que les réseaux créent un espace propice à une pratique communautaire en santé par la création d’une proximité sociale. Les deux réseaux mettent en perspective une appropriation par les usagers des questions concernant leur santé. Une mise en mouvement des patients et des professionnels s’opère en marge des objectifs opérationnels affichés d’un réseau de santé. Ainsi, les réseaux constituent tout à la fois des espaces démocratiques réflexifs et un outil au service d’un processus de rentabilisation des activités en santé. / The law of March 4th 2002 concerning patients' rights and the quality of the care system formalizes health networks and provides a single definition. They now account for an organizational form registered in regional politics of public health and are financially supported by the regional health agencies (RHA). The conducted research is about the sick's participation in a health network operation and activity. Indeed, if the legislation grants the user a thorough place in the health care system and if health policy proclaims his participation, what happens in the daily reality of practices within a health network? So this research deals more specifically with the interactions between professionals and users by considering the network as an area of cooperation. The comparative study of two Burgundy diabetes health networks shows how - facing a double constraint, those of public health policies and that of a dominant economic regulation - this device is subject to a managing logic leading to become an instrumental response to health system dysfunctions, such as multiple barriers of the health system, a demographic shortage of health professionals or even an increasing medical specialization of health activities. But even these networks constitute an experimental space favorable to the implementation of a community health practice.The data base has mainly been formed from 31 biographical interviews of diabetic people, thematic interviews of professionals employed in networks and observations of the patient's therapeutic education practices, a service offered by the two networks. This service examines the possible ways of working together in the management of chronic illness between professionals and the sick. According to the conceptions of health among professionals and logic of action involved, the study shows two trends: a sick person, either partner in patient care or in care giving.Moreover, the studied networks present two different organizational terms, a linear model and a satellite model where the coordination of actors plays a major role. Behind this term of coordination lies, in both cases, a principle of rationalization of health activities specific to the current health system. Networks are thus subject to an economic exploitation; they become providers of the offer of health care in a given territory. This instrumentation of health networks is mainly implemented by assessment procedures. It relies on epidemiological data and is based on a quantitative approach about health outcomes. In a managerial logic, the sick person should behave in accordance with health standards to enable the achievement of organizational goals planned as part of a public health policy.With the development of chronic diseases, the field of health has changed, but the French health system is still organized on a biomedical logic. The evaluation is based on normative biomedical knowledge, and professional practices are also very much imbued with biomedical logic. Nevertheless, the study shows that networks create a favorable space for a community health practice by creating a social proximity. Both networks put into perspective the idea that users have a hold on questions concerning their health. Patients and professionals become actors besides operational objectives displayed in a health network. Thus, networks are simultaneously democratic spaces of thought and a tool dedicated to the efficiency of health activities.

Face un environnement complexe et hyper-compétitif, les firmes sont amenées à reconsidérer leur modèle de création de valeur. Leur réaction s’insère dans le cadre d’une réinvention voire innovation de leur Business Model (BM). Ceci passe indéniablement par une démarche d’expérimentation stratégique. Définie comme un processus par lequel les firmes explorent de nouvelles sources de revenus et testent de nouveaux concepts d’affaires, l’expérimentation stratégique s’associe à un outil de réinvention du BM qui intervient non seulement dans la création de nouveaux BM mais également dans la transformation de BM existants. Nous posons ainsi la question de savoir : Comment concevoir l’expérimentation stratégique des BM des entreprises ? Dans cette perspective, notre recherche vise à dresser un cadre conceptuel et méthodologique de l’expérimentation stratégique. Il s’agit de proposer aux entreprises une aide à la conception d’une méthodologie d’expérimentation de BM. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous proposons de définir l’expérimentation stratégique comme une théorie combinée du changement en partant du modèle de Van de Ven et Poole (1995) sur les théories de changement et de développement organisationnel. Ceci permet de traduire les processus centraux de l’expérimentation stratégique et d’en saisir les dimensions clés. Dans le cadre d’une approche qualitative avec étude de cas, nous interrogeons trois profils d’acteurs sur leurs registres de conception et de pratique de l’expérimentation. Ensuite, nous élaborons via une analyse inter-profils un modèle générique d’expérimentation stratégique de BM qui s’articule autour de trois temps de l’expérimentation stratégique ; un temps de virtualisation, un temps d’actualisation et un temps d’itérations de processus de rationalisation et d’apprentissage. / In a hypercompetitive environment, firms are obliged to reconsider their revenue formula and to innovate consequently the way they create value and make profit. This lies at the heart of every company’s ability to experiment new Business Models (BM) and becomes a key step in the strategic thinking. Defined as a process by which firms explore new ways of doing business, strategic experimentation takes shape of series of trial and error changes pursued along various dimensions of strategy in an effort to identify and establish a viable basis for competing. Our research examines strategic experimentation as an effective tool for BM reinvention. It answers therefore to the main question of: How to conceive BM experimentation? In this way, we define strategic experimentation as a combined theory of change according to the model developed by Van de Ven and Poole (1995) to explain processes of organizational development and change. We aim at dressing a conceptual and methodological framework for strategic experimentation that would helps managers and academics to conceive and master the process of BM experimentation. Using a qualitative research methodology rooted in a case study approach, we achieved semi-structured interviews with three categories of actors implied in the process of BM experimentation. Our results demonstrate that BM experimentation is organized through four major processes which are exploration, formulation, resources allocation and identification which are articulated by a time of virtualization, a time of actualization, and a time of iterations based on learning and rationalization.

This thesis deals with the rationalization of production technology of selected component. The first part contains a brief introduction of the company NTS Prometal Machining s.r.o. and brief description of the product. The following section is an analysis of existing manufacturing technology. The practical part is focusing on the proposal of rationalization versions of the production process. After evaluation of all possible options of rationalization there has been developed a new technological process with a respect to time and cost savings. Finally there was carried out economical evaluation and recommendation for further production of this component.

MEDEM / Department of Curriculum Studies and Education Management

Using psychoanalysis as a theoretical framework, this essay examines the subject of escapism in The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. Defense mechanisms of the ego, first thought of by Sigmund Freud, allow for a clearer understanding of what takes place during the plot. By taking the author’s background into account, along with clues in the plot of the novel, a more realistic reading of the novel is made possible instead of a supernatural take. A psychoanalytic perspective allows the essay to explore why and how the protagonist chooses to escape in the novel. The main focus of the analysis is how the protagonist of the novel carries the theme of escapism with increased intensity as the plot progresses. The essay considers why and how Dorian chooses to escape reality and utilizes the theoretical framework for two defense mechanisms used as an aid during escapist activities. Dorian progressively uses the defense mechanisms known as repression and rationalization to support his escapist behavior and protect his ego from anxiety derived from internal and external conflicts.