Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelo rodrigues conceicao.pdf: 2067210 bytes, checksum: c6bfc49bdd15cde7ea215789fbf9fa58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation presents the results of the inquiry regarding the ideas and projects of the Institute of Rational Organization of the Work, entity created in 1931, for the junction of experts on psychology and entrepreneurs interested in the scientific administration of the work. The research was carried through by means of the analysis of the educational articles, published between 1932-1946, in the Revista do IDORT (and its continuation, Revista de Organização Científica), its main vehicles of communication. Our hypothesis is that the institute, engaged in the modernization and industrialization of the society, considered the education as a decisive factor for the making of the rationalization ideals, thus, for the reorganization of the society. The analysis has been inspired by the hypothesis of Gramsci, that relates fordism , a policy of rationalization applied to the industrial production, to the term Americanism , taken as a deeper process of changes in social and individual life, which conducts the man to his adjustment to the industrial work and to the new standards of consumption then developed with special force and effectiveness in the American society. As the Americanism could be considered as a set of actions that intents the "manufacture" of a new type of man, adjusted to the new requirements of the modern world, so the different modalities of education should be considered as a central point to be investigated. One concludes that IDORT tooks as "education" a series of activities, expressed in terms such as to adjust , to mold , to instruct , to train etc. Supported by sciences such as psychology and biology, and strengthened for the cooperation of educators and entrepreneurs engaged in educative experiences, the education has been considered as the most efficient instrument to manage the rationalization and, therefore, the manufacture of the "new man", considered necessary for the development of the country / Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados da investigação a respeito das idéias e projetos educacionais do Instituto de Organização Racional do Trabalho, entidade criada em 1931, pela junção de estudiosos de psicologia e de empresários interessados na administração científica do trabalho. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio da análise das matérias educacionais, publicadas entre 1932-1946, na Revista do IDORT (e sua continuação, Revista de Organização Científica), principais veículos de comunicação da entidade, à luz da hipótese de que o instituto, pautado na modernização e na industrialização, considerava a educação como um elemento fundamental na realização dos ideais de racionalização, e portanto, para a reorganização da sociedade. A análise inspira-se na hipótese de Gramsci, que relaciona fordismo, recurso de racionalização aplicado à produção fabril, ao termo americanismo, tomado como um mais profundo processo de modificação da sociedade e da vida do indivíduo, que conduz ao ajustamento do homem ao trabalho industrial e aos novos padrões de consumo que então se desenvolviam com especial força e eficácia na sociedade americana. Por ser o americanismo composto de um conjunto de ações que têm como meta a fabricação de um novo tipo de homem, adequado às novas exigências do mundo moderno, a educação, em suas diferentes modalidades e graus, constitui um ponto central a ser investigado. Conclui-se que a entidade tomava como educação uma série de atividades, expressas em termos como adequar, moldar, instruir, adestrar etc., e que, com o apoio de ciências como a psicologia e a biologia, e reforçada pela cooperação de educadores e empresários engajados em experiências educativas, entendia a educação como o mais eficaz instrumento para a racionalização e, portanto, para a fabricação de um homem novo , considerado necessário para o desenvolvimento do país

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julia Peixoto de Azevedo Arruda.pdf: 458898 bytes, checksum: e110eafeb069dae69958b977392d6c85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / This dissertation lays out the main elements that make up the rationalization process discussed by Max Weber throughout his work, which results in the singularity of modern Western civilization and disenchantment of the world , as well as the effects of this process in the meaning of sciences, especially legal science, in modernity. To that effect, special attention is given to Weber s reflections on this respect in his classic essays Intermediate reflection and Science as a vocation. For proper comprehension of the rationale developed by Weber in said essays, this dissertation also examines, in general terms, Weber s sociology of religion and scientific methodology. Based on these elements, this dissertation proposes an examination of Weberian thought on law within a larger context of his sociology of modernity in order to identify the contribution of law to the rationalization process and the effects suffered by it as a consequence of the same process / Este trabalho tem por objetivo expor os principais elementos que compõe o processo de racionalização discutido por Max Weber ao longo de sua obra, ao qual se deve a singularidade da moderna sociedade ocidental e o desencantamento do mundo , bem como os efeitos deste processo no significado das ciências, notadamente a ciência do direito, na modernidade. Para tanto, é dada especial atenção às considerações de Weber a esse respeito em seus textos clássicos Consideração intermediária e A ciência como vocação. Para que os argumentos desenvolvidos por Weber nos referidos textos possam ser adequadamente compreendidos, este trabalho percorre, ainda, de modo geral, a sociologia da religião e a metodologia científica de Weber. Com base nesses elementos, este trabalho propõe o exame do pensamento weberiano sobre o direito no contexto maior da sua sociologia da modernidade a fim de identificar a contribuição do direito para o processo de racionalização e os efeitos por este sofridos em consequência do mesmo processo

O aproveitamento atual da vinhaça, subproduto da produção do álcool pelas Destilarias Autônomas e Usinas de Açúcar e Álcool, se faz tanto pelo seu valor nutricional quanto pelo seu potencial na geração de energia elétrica. A vinhaça, que antes era lançada diretamente nos cursos dágua, a partir da década de 70, com o aumento dos preços dos fertilizantes minerais, passou a ser reutilizada como subproduto para a adubação canavieira. Recentemente, com a evolução da política ambiental do Setor, suas práticas agroindústrias passaram a priorizar o uso eficiente de seus subprodutos, seja através da racionalização em suas aplicações ou pelo uso de tecnologias que potencializem os seus benefícios. Esse estudo resumiu-se em analisar a viabilidade técnica, mensurar os aspectos econômicos e caracterizar os aspectos ambientais das tecnologias de condicionamento e aproveitamento da vinhaça mais difundidas no Brasil e, em especial, no Estado de São Paulo: aplicação in natura no solo (fertirrigação in natura), biodigestão e concentração. A análise técnica se baseou na utilização dessas tecnologias pelas Unidades Agroindustriais estudadas e na oferta de mercado por parte de empresas de tecnologia. Para a análise econômica da fertirrigação in-natura, a substituição da adubação mineral e os lucros obtidos foram os parâmetros utilizados. Já na análise da biodigestão e da concentração, o modelo foi construído a partir dos seguintes indicadores econômicos: fluxo de caixa, valor presente líquido, método do custo/benefício, taxa interna de retorno e período de retorno. Como parte final, a análise ambiental foi direcionada para a mitigação dos impactos gerados pela aplicação in natura, em especial as emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). A viabilidade técnica foi confirmada para as três tecnologias, seja pela utilização em campo e/ou pela diversificada oferta das tecnologias de biodigestão e concentração pelo mercado especializado. Quanto à viabilidade econômica, a fertirrigação in natura se demonstrou altamente lucrativa para o Brasil, Estado de São Paulo e Centro-Sul do País. Já a biodigestão, que necessitou de tecnologias complementares de geração de energia para a análise de sua viabilidade, apresentou-se viável quando associada aos queimadores e turbinas em todas as condições estudadas. Quando associada aos motogeradores, a sua viabilidade foi atestada em duas ocasiões. Contudo, a inviabilidade apresentada quando os cálculos foram baseados em valores de venda de energia atualizados - média de R$102,41 por MWh produzido - justificou a ausência desses projetos nos últimos leilões de energia. Ao contrário das outras tecnologias, a tecnologia da concentração se demonstrou completamente inviável a partir das condições econômicas utilizadas. Já na questão ambiental, a fertirrigação in natura apresentou diversas vantagens e desvantagens, ficando a sua utilização condicionada a estudos locais. Para a biodigestão e a concentração, essas tecnologias apresentaram diversos ganhos frente à utilização in natura, sendo a primeira responsável pela mitigação dos GEE e a segunda pela maior racionalização na aplicação de vinhaça e por um melhor equacionamento dos altos volumes de água utilizados pelas Usinas e Destilarias. / The current use of vinasse, a byproduct of ethanol production by independent distilleries and Sugar and Alcohol plants, is done both for its nutritional value as for its potential in generating electricity. By mid-century the vinasse was released directly into water streams as final disposal, resulting in serious environmental problems. From the 70\'s, with the rising prices of mineral fertilizers, the reuse of this byproduct fertilizer for sugar cane production became practical. Recently, with the evolution of environmental policy of this sector, agribusiness practices began to prioritize the efficient use of byproducts, either by rationalizing their application or by the use of technologies that enhance its benefits. This study is summarized in analyze the technical feasibility, measure the economic aspects and characterize the environmental aspects of the technologies of conditioning and reuse of vinasse more widespread in Brazil and, in particular, the state of São Paulo: natural application, biodigestion and concentration. Technical analysis was based on the use of these technologies by agro-industrial units studied and market supply by technology companies. For the economic analysis of the natural application, the substitution of mineral fertilizer and profits were the parameters used. For the analysis of biodigestion and concentration, the model was constructed from the following economic indicators: cash flow, net present value method, the cost / benefit ratio, internal rate of return and payback period. As the final part, the environmental analysis was aimed at mitigating the impacts generated by the natural application, in especial, the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The technical feasibility has been confirmed for the three technologies, either for the use in the field, by a wide advantage for the natural application, or the supply of biodigestion and concentration technologies by the specialized market. For the economic feasibility, natural application has been shown highly profitable for Brazil, Sao Paulo State and Center- South of the country. The biodigestion, which required complementary generate energy technologies for your viability analysis, presented feasible when combined with the flares and turbines in all conditions studied. When associated with the motor generator, its feasibility was attested on two occasions. However, its feasibility wasn´t reached when the calculations were based on recent values of power sales - an average of R$ 102.41 per MWh produced - justifying the absence of these projects in recent energy auctions. Unlike other technologies, the technology of concentration is shown completely unfeasible from the economic conditions used. In the environmental issue, the natural application presented several advantages and disadvantages, being its use conditioned to local studies. For biodigestion and concentration, these technologies had several gains when compared with the natural application, being, the first, responsible for the mitigation of GHGs and, the second, responsible for an application more rational of vinasse and for a reduction of the high volumes of water used by plants and distilleries.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-06T12:02:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Rodrigo Rossi Rodrigues.pdf: 2827044 bytes, checksum: 1e0bfbc21aa38412c1823ea16ac2e2ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-06T12:02:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Rodrigo Rossi Rodrigues.pdf: 2827044 bytes, checksum: 1e0bfbc21aa38412c1823ea16ac2e2ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-27 / The goal of this study is to show how the resource?s rationalization can improve the operational results of one maritime transport company. The tanker maket follows a world tendency on the hiring price of charter. It makes the process of costs reducing through the optimization of fuel and diesel or/and through the performance?s control of time, velocity and operational disponibility a mandatory factor. The control of the consume of fuel and diesel is a way to reduce the discounts on the ships earns. The losses can be caused by technical problems on the MCP's (Main Combustion Engine), MCA's (Auxiliary Combustion Engine) and auxiliary machinery of the ships, or by the necessity of revaluation on the contractual price of loading and unloading products on shipping terminals and also by the climate changes in the Brazilian coastline, which causes some different conditions of velocity and time trips. / Atrav?s deste trabalho pretende-se apresentar como a racionaliza??o de recursos pode contribuir para melhorar o resultado operacional de uma empresa de servi?o de transporte mar?timo. O mercado de afretamento de navios petroleiros segue uma tend?ncia mundial na contrata??o do pre?o do frete, tornando importante o processo de redu??o de custos atrav?s da otimiza??o de ?leo combust?vel e ?leo diesel, e controle das performances operacionais: tempo, velocidade e disponibilidade operacional. Uma das formas de reduzir os descontos na receita dos navios ? o controle do consumo de ?leo combust?vel e ?leo diesel. Sejam eles provocados por problemas t?cnicos nos MCP?s (Motor de Combust?o Principal), MCA?s (Motor Auxiliar de Combust?o) e M?quinas Auxiliares dos navios, ou at? mesmo pela necessidade de reavalia??o de taxas contratuais de bombeio de carga e descarga de produtos nos terminais, e velocidade/tempo de viagem em alguns trechos do litoral brasileiro, devido ?s mudan?as clim?ticas e geogr?ficas.

Ancré dans une perspective historique, ce mémoire cherche à mettre en application une relecture de la théorie wébérienne de la « rationalisation éthique » comme facteur explicatif de la reconfiguration moderne du rapport entretenu entre les individus et la religion. Un retour sur les changements survenus dans la pensée religieuse de la Renaissance — pensée mise en contraste avec la situation religieuse des populations du Moyen-Âge — permet de mettre en évidence le passage d’une religion syncrétique, ritualiste et imprégnée de magie, à un christianisme épuré, intériorisé et rationnel. L’étude de la pensée religieuse de l’humaniste Érasme de Rotterdam, pris comme « figure historique » porteuse de cette transformation, pointe vers la diffusion à la Renaissance d’un christianisme compris comme système philosophique compréhensif dépouillé de son caractère mystique. Cette diffusion d’un « esprit » chrétien, et l’importance accordée à la mise en œuvre d’une conduite de vie méthodique spécifiquement orientée vers le salut, participe au premier chef d’un processus de « quotidianisation » du charisme religieux, prélude essentiel, dans une perspective wébérienne, à la « rationalisation éthique » et à l’autonomisation de la sphère religieuse dans la vie sociale. / By way of a historical perspective, this masters thesis aims to reconsider the weberian “ethical rationalization” theory as an explanatory factor for the modern transformation of the relationship between individuals and religion. Reviewing the changes in Renaissance religious thought—and contrasting it with the Medieval religious context—enables us to uncover a shift from a syncretic and ritualized religion that is filled with magical elements, towards an uncluttered, internalized and rational Christianity. The focus on Erasmus of Rotterdam’s religious humanist thought—considered here as a “historical figure” and carrier of these transformations—brings light on how Christianity was stripped of its mystical aspects and came to be understood as a comprehensive philosophical system. The dissemination of such a Christian “spirit”, as well as the importance granted to a methodical way of life specifically oriented towards salvation, play a key role in the appearance of a “quotidian ritualization” of religious charisma, which is in itself, according to Weber, an essential preliminary to an “ethical rationalization” and thus to the “autonomization” of the religious sphere in the social life.

À partir d’observations personnelles sur l’importance de la technique et des technologies dans la production musicale, le projet de ce mémoire fut élaboré autour de la sociologie de la musique de Weber. En premier lieu, un questionnement du rapport entre musique, technologie et société permet d’établir de nombreuses voies pour la recherche concernant les médiations techniques de la musique. Ces médiations sont maintenant caractérisées par les changements issus de l’implantation de l’informatique dans de nombreuses sociétés et la modification des rapports de pouvoir et des rapports sociaux par les possibilités nouvelles offertes par le médium numérique. Si Internet semble avoir bouleversé l’industrie de la musique, de nouvelles possibilités de dépasser les limitations des technologies traditionnelles de la musique sont toutefois aussi apparues au sein de ce « système sociotechnique ». Ces modifications prennent la forme de philosophies, mais aussi de pratiques sociales qui se répandent, avant tout, auprès de la jeune génération, ce qu’il est possible d’observer par les changements dans les pratiques musicales. À partir des outils conceptuels de Weber, deux idéaltypes seront créés qui représentent autant de modes de diffusion de musique sur Internet. L’accent est mis sur la différence entre les pratiques sociales et musicales de ces modes de diffusions : l’un est basé sur des pratiques traditionnelles et greffé sur la nouvelle plateforme Internet, l’autre emprunte les caractéristiques de la diffusion de l’information en réseau caractéristique de la culture Internet et se caractérise par des pratiques dites réflexives. Ces idéaltypes, ainsi que les cas qui les constituent et qu’ils mettent en lumière, sont mis à profit pour discuter des motifs de l’action chez différents agents au cœur des pratiques de diffusion et, finalement, des modalités variées que prend la rationalisation de la diffusion de la musique à partir du médium numérique. / Starting from personal observations on the place hold by techniques and technologies in the production of music, this thesis project was created around Max Weber’s Sociology of Music. First, the relations between music, technology and society are critically questioned in order to underline the possible ways of further research concerning the technical mediation of music. The latter are now characterized through the changes brought by the implementation of Informatics in many societies and the modification of the social or power relationships by the new possibilities of the digital medium. It seems that the Internet has shaken the music industry. However, in this socio-technical system new ways are being shaped allowing the overcome the traditional limitations of the music technologies. These ways takes the form of philosophies but also of social popular among the younger generations observable through changes in social practices. Using the Weber’s conceptual tools, two ideal types are created—representing as many diffusion modes of music on the Internet. Two dimensions regarding the difference between these social and musical practices are stressed: the perpetuation of traditional diffusion practices integrated on the Internet platform and the reflexives practices characterized by a diffusion mode expressing the network type of information circulation of the Internet culture. These ideal types, and the related cases chosen to construct and describe them, serve to discuss the multiple motives of action of different social agents relevant for the diffusion practices, and, finally, the various modalities of the rationalization of music diffusion through the digital medium.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

A la fin du XIXe siècle, dans le contexte de la mise en place de la société salariale en Europe, émerge un projet positiviste d’étude du travail humain que l’on n’a pas hésité à appeler « ergologie ». Ce projet, qui traversera différentes sciences humaines, cherchait à définir et à encadrer normativement le travail humain en partant de l’étude des potentialités et des limites psycho-physiologiques de l’activité corporelle (fatigue, aptitudes psychomotrices, monotonie, attention..). En ce sens, l’étude psycho-physiologique s’inscrivait dans un projet plus large d’« optimisation » de l’activité humaine (hygiénisme, paix sociale, eugénisme...), en ce sens la connaissance du corps au travail apparaissait comme une partie de la rationalisation de son « usage ». C’est dans cette perspective que certains historiens ont interprété le programme ergologique comme une tentative de « chosification » du corps dont le but serait de le transformer en instrument au service du profit capitaliste et/ou en support du contrôle disciplinaire de l’Etat (Rabinbach, 1992). Or, en observant le développement épistémologique et politique de ce projet « ergologique », on peut s’apercevoir que les tentatives de mesurer et de gérer le corps entendu comme instrument de la production montrent en continuation la nécessité de prendre en compte le choix volontaire par laquelle l’homme définit le but pour de son activité corporelle. En effet, si le travail humain ne peut être défini que comme une activité instrumentale pour atteindre un but « voulu », l’homme serait donc celui qui fait usage de son propre corps pour réaliser un « projet ». Ainsi, mesurer et gouverner les hommes par le travail du corps, tel que cherche à le faire « l’ergologie », n’équivaut pas simplement à réduire celui-ci à un objet malléable, mais également à penser l’activité corporelle instrumentale comme le moment où l’homme définit les objectif de son action en fonctions des différentes contraintes qui déterminent son action vitale. / At the end of the nineteenth century, in the context of the implementation of the “wage society” in Europe, appears a positivist project for studying human labor, which does not hesitate to define "ergology." This project, that cross different human sciences, sought to define and guide the normatively human work on the basis of the study of the psycho-physiological potentiality and limits of body’s activity (fatigue, attitudes, monotony, attention ...). In this sense, the study of psycho-physiological motions is part of a project about the "optimization" of human activities (hygienism, social peace, eugenics ...). From this perspective, some historians have interpreted the “ergology” as a form of "mechanization" of the body that would transform it into an instrument at the service of the capitalist profit and/or into a support of the disciplinary control of the State (Rabinbach, 1992) . However, observing the epistemological and political development of the "ergological project ", we can see that to measure and to management the man as an instrument of the production it need to take into account the voluntary action by which man defines the goal that his bodily activity. If human labor can be defined as an activity instrumental to achieve a goal "desired", so the man appears as the “master” of his body for the accomplishment of a “project”. So, measure and govern men through the work of the body does not just mean reducing the latter to object malleable, but also think the work as the action through the organic activity can be the support for a “human” realization.

This dissertation investigates Aristotle’s theory of phantasia as a cognitive ability, in terms of which mental content is available to the mind of rational beings. The focus is on Catherine Osborne’s extension of phantasia to nonhuman animals in order to allow for and explain non-human animal behaviour in terms of a rational paradigm, which de-emphasises, and does not rely on, linguistic ability. This paradigm for understanding animal behaviour as rational supports, and is supported by, modern theories of cognitive ethology, and argues for the ability of animals to share in conceptual thought. The recognition of rationality in animals by means of this paradigm bears ethical consequences for the treatment of animals. / Classics and Modern European Languages / M.A. (Classical Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1628.pdf: 5186111 bytes, checksum: 9beecab516cc6562d5eee86f68c51fba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-21 / The development of a greater number of projects, besides those traditionally elaborated (foundations, architecture, structure, electrical and sanitary-hydraulic installations), have made the constructive process more complex, demanding the participation of several professionals around the projects of edification to discuss and make compatible the present solutions in the interfaces between the subsystems. Construction companies, which invest in the improvement in the projects quality of their edifications tend to increase better results as to their competitiveness in the market, guaranteeing significant efficiency to the whole enterprise cycle and generating higher rationalization for the production process of their buildings. In that sense, the activities referring to the project and to the production of an edification need to be thought in an integrated way. Because there are several the interferences between the vertical sealings and the rest of subsystems of the building that interact with it, the project elaboration of vertical sealings stands out as the instrument for the compatibility of projects, because it has the property to furnish constructive details that present efficiency and constructively to the services made at the construction site. Despite the importance of project-production integration, it can be perceived a certain precariousness in the definitions of interference of the vertical sealings with the rest of the subsystems, reflection of incomplete or indefiniteness projects, leaving to the construction site the need of adaptations. Thus, through bibliographic review and case study in three building sites of a small size incorporater-constructor, the solutions adopted in the sealing masonry interface and in some subsystems are verified. / O desenvolvimento de um maior número de projetos, além dos tradicionalmente elaborados (fundações, arquitetura, estrutura, instalações elétricas e hidráulico-sanitárias), tem tornado o processo construtivo do edifício mais complexo, exigindo a participação de diferentes profissionais em torno dos projetos da edificação para discutirem e compatibilizarem as soluções presentes nas interfaces entre os subsistemas. Empresas construtoras que investem na melhoria da qualidade dos projetos de suas edificações tendem a potencializar melhores resultados quanto à sua competitividade no mercado, garantindo eficiência significativa para todo o ciclo do empreendimento e gerando maior racionalização para o processo de produção de seus edifícios. Neste sentido, as atividades referentes ao projeto e à produção de uma edificação precisam ser pensadas de forma integrada. Como são várias as interferências entre as vedações verticais e os demais subsistemas do edifício que com ela interagem, a elaboração do projeto de vedações verticais destaca-se como instrumento da compatibilização de projetos, pois tem a propriedade de fornecer detalhes construtivos que apresentem eficiência e construtibilidade aos serviços realizados no canteiro de obras. Apesar da importância da integração projeto-produção, percebe-se certa precariedade nas definições de interferências das vedações verticais com os demais subsistemas, reflexo de projetos incompletos ou com indefinições, deixando para o canteiro a necessidade de adaptações. Assim, mediante revisão bibliográfica e estudo de caso em três canteiros de uma empresa construtora-incorporadora de pequeno porte, são verificadas as soluções adotadas na interface alvenaria de vedações e alguns subsistemas.