Orientador: Michel Daoud Yacoub / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T02:52:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fraidenraich_Gustavo_M.pdf: 1838522 bytes, checksum: 4099008fa7bbc89eb2642a891bd64509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, uma nova distribuição de probabilidade amplamente geral, a distribuição a-?-?-µ, é proposta. Esta distribuição contempla como casos particulares várias outras distribuições conhecidas na literatura, tais como Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagami-m, Hoyt, Weibull, a-? (Gamma Generalizada) ?-µ e ?-µ. Por conta de sua generalidade, todos os mais importantes ambientes de desvanecimento de curto prazo são modelados por esta distribuição. Além de prover a função densidade de probabilidade para o modelo a-?-?-µ, os momentos e a função cumulativa de probabilidade também são encontrados. Este modelo geral é então especializado para quatro casos particulares, para os quais distribuições mais simples, mas ainda gerais, são encontradas: a a-?-µ, a-?-µ, ?-? Simétrica e ?-? Assimétrica. Para esses casos, estimadores práticos baseados nos momentos são deduzidos. A aplicabilidade destes estimadores é verificada utilizando medidas de campo realizadas na Unicamp com um equipamento construído no laboratório Wisstek para este ?m. Em seguida, estatísticas de ordem superior, em particular a taxa de cruzamento de nível e a duração média de desvanecimento, são encontradas de forma exata para os ambientes Hoyt e Weibull em sistemas de diversidade com M ramos desbalanceados, não idênticos e independentes utilizando os combinadores por ganho igual e por razão máxima. Neste trabalho, o resultado geral é validado através de simulações e redução das expressões gerais para casos em que os resultados já são conhecidos. Além disso, para alguns destes casos particulares, as expressões gerais são simplificadas e reduzidas a fórmulas fechadas. Estendendo esse último campo de investigação e seguindo um pioneiro trabalho da literatura, o qual abordou o caso Rayleigh, a taxa de cruzamento de nível e a duração média de desvanecimento são obtidas para ambientes Hoyt com dois ramos correlacionados. Nesta investigação, reformula-se a metodologia da literatura e obtém-se um procedimento geral para a análise da taxa de cruzamento de nível e duração média de desvanecimento em ambientes com apenas um cluster, com aplicação direta aos canais Rice, Weibull, ?-? Simétrica e ?-? Assimétrica. Finalmente, este trabalho propõe, de forma precursora, uma distribuição para a fase do canal Nakagami-m. Ao contrário do que, convencionalmente e por simplicidade, se postulava, a distribuição de fase é não uniforme e dependente de m, o que torna o modelo compatível com aqueles aproximados por Nakagami-m, nomeadamente Hoyt e Rice / Abstract: In this work, a new, very general probability density function, the a-?-?-µ distribution, is proposed. This distribution comprises, as particular cases, several other well known distributions such as Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagami-m, Hoyt, Weibull, a-? (Generalized Gamma) ?-µ and ?-µ. Due to its generality, all of the most important short fading environments can be modeled by this distribution. Besides providing the probability density function for the a-?-?-µ model, the moments and the cumulative distribution function are also found. This general model is then specialized into four particular cases, for which new simpler, though still general, distributions, are found: the a-?-µ, a-?-µ, Symmetrical ?-?, and Asymmetrical ?-?. For these cases, practical moment-based estimators are derived. The applicability of these estimators is verified using field measurements obtained through an experiment conducted at the University of Campinas (Unicamp) with an equipment specially built for this end in the Wisstek laboratory. Higher order statistics, more specifically the level crossing rates and average fade durations, are then obtained in an exact form for the Hoyt and Weibull fading environments. The results are applicable to M unbalanced, non-identical, and independent channels using equal gain and maximal ratio combining techniques. The general results are thoroughly validated by means of simulation and also by reducing the general solution to some particular cases for which the solutions are known. Moreover, new closed form expressions are also achieved for some of these particular cases. Extending this field of investigation and following a pioneering work in the literature, which approached the Rayleigh case, the level crossing rate and average fade duration are obtained considering two correlated, unbalanced, and non-identical branches in a Hoyt fading environment. In this investigation, the methodology found in the literature is reformulated and generalized so as to comprise several other cases. The general procedure developed for this analysis can now be applied to other fading environment for which one cluster of mutipaths exists, i.e., Rice, Weibull, Symmetrical ?-?, and Asymmetrical ?-?. Finally, this work proposes, in a pioneering way, the phase distribution for the Nakagami-m channel. Contrary to what conventionally, and for simplicity, was usually postulated, the phase distribution is non-uniform and dependent on m, rendering this model compatible with those approximated by Nakagami-m, namely Hoyt and Rice / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The most recent developments in the field of nonlinear optics (NLO) show that organic molecules with electron donating or accepting substituents at either ends of a long -conjugation could be promising candidates for integration into photonic devices or applications such 3D microfabrication, optical-limiting, photodynamic therapy, biological probes, etc. Linear and nonlinear optical measurements were carried out for two classes of organic molecules: chalcones and oxazoles. Second- and third-order nonlinear optical properties, namely the first molecular hyperpolarizability ( HRS) and the cross-section of two-photon absorption ( A2F ), respectively, were measured for eight chalcones and for six oxazoles dyes. The experimental values of HRS and A2F were achieved by using hyper-Rayleigh Scattering and Z-Scan techniques, respectively. HRS maximum values of 42 10-30 (esu) and 412 10-30 (esu), for chalcones and oxazoles compounds, respectively, have been obtained. The A2F maximum values of 42 GM and 85 GM for chalcones and oxazoles compounds, respectively, have been obtained. This study has identified the lower performance of chalcones compared to the oxazoles compounds for both NLO effects studied, probably due to the length difference in the -conjugation together with the different electron donor groups present in both compounds. Whenever possible, and in order to better understand the experimental results, quantum chemical calculations were performed employing density-functional theory using the Dalton and Gaussian software. / Os últimos avanços na área da óptica não linear (ONL) mostram que compostos orgânicos que possuem estruturas conjugadas e grupos doadores/aceitadores de elétrons, poderão ser meios materiais promissores na integração de dispositivos ou aplicações fotônicas, tais como: micro-fabricação tridimensional, limitação óptica, marcadores biológicos, fototerapia dinâmica, entre outras. Nesta tese foi realizada a caracterização óptica linear e não linear de duas classes de moléculas orgânicas: chalconas e corantes de oxazóis. Foram estudados os efeitos ópticos não lineares de segunda e terceira ordem, nomeadamente a primeira hiperpolarizabilidade molecular ( HRS) e a seção de choque da absorção de dois fótons ( A2F ), respectivamente, para oito compostos do tipo chalconas e seis compostos do tipo corantes de oxazóis. Os valores experimentais de HRS e A2F foram determinados experimentalmente através do espalhamento de hyper-Rayleigh e da técnica de varredura- Z, respectivamente. Os valores máximos encontrados para HRS foram de 42 10-30 (esu) e 412 10-30 (esu) para os compostos do tipo chalconas e oxazóis, respectivamente. Os valores máximos obtidos para A2F foram de 42 GM e 86 GM para os compostos do tipo chalconas e oxazóis, respectivamente. Estes resultados mostram um menor desempenho dos compostos do tipo chalconas em relação aos oxazóis em ambos os efeitos de ONL estudados, provavelmente devido às diferentes assimetrias de distribuição de carga entre as estruturas, bem como da diferente extensão das estruturas conjugadas. Sempre que foi possível, e com o intuito de interpretar melhor os resultados experimentais, foram realizados cálculos químico-quânticos empregando a teoria do funcional de densidade, através dos programas de simulação computacional Dalton e Gaussian 09.

Today wireless transmission of data is becoming more and more popular and the need for faster transmission rates is increasing. Since the bandwidth is limited it is important to try to use it to the fullest. CDMA is a technology that allows multiple accesses on the same frequency and time thus making it very bandwidth efficient. The CDMA technology was first introduced in the second generation’s cellular systems but has since then been improved and is reused in today’s 3G systems as Wideband CDMA. ISY is interested in getting a behavioural model of a W-CDMA system since they had developed a DSP processor called BBP1 and were thinking about adding W-CDMA support for it. Even though our system is not implemented on the BBP1 it should provide a good base for future implementations. This thesis project will describe the construction of a behavioural model of a W-CDMA system following the standard specified by 3GPP. The system simulates W-CDMA transmission and reception and has an optional channel used to simulate real world interference. The receiver uses a rake combiner to improve the performance of the system.

Liquid jet atomisation has a wide variety of application in areas such as injectors in automobile and launch vehicle combustors, spray painting, ink jet printing etc. Understanding physical mechanisms involved in the primary regime of atomisation in combustors is extremely challenging due to the lack of experimental techniques that can reliably provide measurements of gas and liquid velocity fields in this region. Experimental studies have so far been mostly restricted to conditions at atmospheric conditions rather than technically relevant operating pressures. We present a computational fluid dynamics based modelling approach that can capture the evolution of the flow field in the dense primary atomization region of the spray as part of the present thesis work. A fully compressible 3D flow solver is coupled with an interface tracking solver based on level set method. A generalised mathematical formulation for thermodynamic models is implemented in flow solver enabling easy switching between various equations of states. Solvers are parallelised to run on large number of processors and are shown to have good scalability. A modification to the level set method which greatly reduces mass conservation inaccuracies when compared with existing state-of-art baseline schemes has been developed during this work. The Ghost uid Method is used for applying matching conditions at the Interface. The liquid and gas phases are modelled using the perfect gas and Tait equations of state respectively. Several validation studies have been carried out to ensure quantitative accuracy of the solver implemented. Results from canonical Rayleigh Taylor instability simulations shows good agreement with reported results in literature. Finally, results for unsteady evolution of a water-air jet at a liquid to gas density ratio of 10 are shown. Physical mechanisms causing the initial droplet formation are discussed in detail. Droplet feedback is identified as one of the important mechanisms in triggering liquid core instabilities. Comparisons between droplet size distributions obtained from computations are carried out. Vorticity dynamics is used to understand hole and ligament formation from liquid core. Effect of numerical droplets on the simulation results is also looked at in detail.

Nous étudions un rideau visqueux en écoulement vertical. Un injecteur situé en haut du domaine forme un écoulement ouvert composé d'un liquide visqueux homogène qui s'écoule dans un bain et est accéléré dans son mouvement vertical par l'effet de la gravité. Des zones présentant des taux de contrainte compressifs peuvent apparaître au sein de l'écoulement. Le rideau visqueux est alors susceptible de flamber, perdant sa géométrie plane. Le flambage d'une structure fine et visqueuse a précédemment été étudié dans le contexte d'un écoulement de base présentant une direction d'invariance, ici l'état précontraint est purement bidimensionnel. La modélisation théorique de l'écoulement ouvert prend en compte les effets advectifs. Nous introduirons des outils théoriques et numériques que nous appliquons à un problème classique de la mécanique des solides. Nous utilisons ensuite ces mêmes méthodes pour le rideau tombant. Nous obtenons un modèle de plaque visqueuse dont la cinématique mélange des vitesses et un déplacement hors plan. Les termes membranaires sont inspirés de la mécanique des structures fines et obtenus par l'analogie Stokes-Rayleigh, qui transpose aux écoulements visqueux les notions d'étirement et de flexion d'une plaque. Les équations d'équilibre de flambage étant d'ordre élevé, nous aurons recours à une implémentation numérique particulière. Les effets de la capillarité peuvent être pris en compte dans le modèle et seront étudiés. Nous concluons par une approche théorique de la stabilité de l'écoulement. Nous adaptons une méthode d'analyse des écoulements ouverts instables en cisaillement à l'équilibre de flambage du rideau visqueux. / We consider a vertical sheet made up of an homogeneous viscous fluid and falling into a bath. This curtain is formed by an inlet injecting viscous fluid at the top of the domain and creating an open flow. The resulting thin structure is falling under the effect of gravity, and develops regions of compressive stress. These may lead to a mechanical instability as the sheet can buckle under compression, losing its planar geometry and deforming in the out-of-plane direction.In previous studies, buckling of a viscous sheet that leads to surface wrinkles was associated with flows having a direction of invariance. We will be considering a genuinely two-dimensional stress state.We first introduce stability methods on a simple solid mechanics problem, obtaining equations in weak form and using a finite elements solver to obtain its buckled configurations.We will then study both the modelling of the falling curtain as a viscous membrane and its numerical resolution. We will derive a model with kinematics mixing velocities and displacements and use a viscous membrane model. Inspired by the solid mechanics of thin structures it uses the Stokes-Rayleigh analogy to transpose the concepts of stretching and bending stress to viscous flows. Equations for the out-of-plane equilibrium are of high order and require a specific numerical scheme. Capillary effects can be taken into account in the model and we assess their influence.We finally present a stability analysis hoping to improve our analytical understanding of the buckling phenomenon. We adapt a framework developed for the study of open shear flows instabilities to the out-of-plane equilibrium equations.

De nos jours, on assiste à l'émergence massive de nouveaux systèmes électroniques exploitant des fréquences de plus en plus élevées, particulièrement en ondes millimétriques (30-300 GHz). Il apparaît de ce fait un besoin potentiel de développement de nouveaux moyens d'essai appropriés dans le domaine millimétrique. En particulier, l'étude de la biocompatibilité de ces systèmes est clairement identifiée comme une priorité de recherche en électromagnétisme. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse consiste à concevoir et à évaluer les propriétés d'une chambre réverbérante à brassage de modes (CRBM) en bande Ka (26,5-40 GHz), en bande U (40-60 GHz) et en bande V (50-75 GHz). L'application visée dans cette thèse concerne la mise en place d'outils dosimétriques par caméra infrarouge en chambre réverbérante et la réalisation d'essais préliminaires sur des fantômes diélectriques à 60 GHz. Dans un premier temps, nous avons analysé numériquement le comportement statistique du champ électrique dans une cavité pré-dimensionnée. Les simulations sont réalisées à l'aide d'un outil interne de modélisation du comportement d'une CRBM basé sur la théorie des images. A l'aide du test d'ajustement statistique d'Anderson-Darling, nous avons montré que le comportement de la chambre en ondes millimétriques est en adéquation avec le modèle de Hill (champ statistiquement homogène et isotrope dans le volume de l'enceinte) . Dans un second temps, nous avons réalisé un prototype de chambre réverbérante de dimensions internes : 42,3 x 41,2 x 38,3 cm3 . Un processus de brassage par saut de fréquence est utilisé pour l'obtention de l'uniformité statistique de la densité de puissance. La chambre est équipée d'un système de positionnement fin et précis permettant l'échantillonnage spatial de la puissance sur un axe à l'intérieur de la chambre. Les accès millimétriques ont également été étudiés de sorte à réduire d'éventuelles fuites significatives. Les liaisons entre la source millimétrique et l'antenne d'émission d'une part et celles entre l'antenne de réception et l'analyseur de spectre d'autre part sont assurées par des guides d'onde. Nous avons également mis en place l'ensemble des équipements nécessaires pour le fonctionnement de la chambre (source, analyseur de spectre, mélangeur). La chambre est caractérisée dans la bande 58,5-61,5 GHz. Les résultats obtenus sont satisfaisants en termes de coefficient de qualité et de comportement statistique de la puissance mesurée dans un volume de test donné. Dans un troisième temps, nous avons modélisé puis réalisé une interface intégrée sur une des parois de la chambre pour la mesure de température par caméra infrarouge. Des mesures préliminaires sont réalisées sur un fantôme constitué essentiellement d'eau. Les résultats expérimentaux et théoriques de l'évaluation du gradient de la température sur le fantôme sont très proches. Ceci confirme que la chambre réverbérante ainsi conçue permet de soumettre l'objet sous test à une illumination statistiquement uniforme et calibrée en puissance. Un tel dispositif est un atout précieux pour des tests de compatibilité électromagnétique d'équipements électroniques dans la bande 26,5-75 GHz. Cette CRBM pourrait également permettre de réal iser des essais préliminaires dans le cadre de l'étude des interactions des ondes avec la matière vivante en millimétrique. / Nowadays, there is a massive emergence of new electronic systems operating at increasing frequencies, especially in the millimeter waves range (30-300 GHz). As a consequence, development of new appropriate test facilities in the millimeter waves range is needed. ln particular, the study of the biocompatibility of the se systems is cie arly identified as a research priority in electromagnetism. ln this context, this thesis deals with the design and the evaluation of a modestirred reverberation chamber (RC) properties in the Ka band (26.5-40 GHz), U band (40-60 GHz) and V band (50-75 GHz). The intended application in this thesis concerns the development of a dosimetric tool using an infrared camera in a reverberation chamber. Firstly, we numerically analyze the statistical behavior of the electric field in the test volume of such an RC. A numerical model based on image theory is used to simulate the cavity. With Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test, we show !hat the chamber behaves very weil at millimeter waves frequency in terms of statistical distribution of the field in the test volume. Secondly, a compact reverberation chamber is designed and built up, with the following internai dimensions 42.3 x 41.2 x 38.3 cm3 . The statistical uniformity of power density in the chamber volume is obtained by frequency stirring. The RC is associated with a positioning system for spatial sampling of power inside reverberation chamber. The interfaces are also studied in order to reduce any significant leakage. Waveguides are used in the transmission and reception chains to minimize losses. We have also set up ali the equipment necessary for carrying out measurements (source, spectrum analyzer, mixer). The RC is characterized in the 58.5-61.5 GHz range. The results are satisfactory in terms of the quality factor level and the statistical distribution of the power in the test volume. Thirdly, an interface is designed and integrated on one of the chamber walls for temperature measurement by an infrared camera. Preliminary measurements are performed on a phantom consisting essentially of water. Experimental results of the phantom temperature rise are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. This confirms thal the designed reverberation chamber allows to expose the deviee under test with a statistically uniform and calibrated power. Such a deviee is a valuable asse! for EMC testing of electronic equipments in the 26.5 to 60 GHz frequency range. This RC could also permit to conduct preliminary tests in the context of the millimeter waves interactions with being organisms.

Ce travail de thèse concerne la focalisation des ondes élastiques se propageant dans une plaque mince ou à la surface d’un milieu semi-infini, au travers de lentilles acoustiques planes. Les dispositifs que nous avons étudiés sont basés sur des cristaux phononiques 2D, constitués d'inclusions d'air dans une matrice solide. Ces hétérostructures présentent un gradient de leurs propriétés élastiques le long d'une direction de la lentille. Le gradient d'indice est obtenu en modulant soit la taille des inclusions d'air, soit la distance entre deux inclusions consécutives. L’approche que nous avons adoptée est basée principalement sur la simulation numérique par éléments finis. Cependant une partie significative du travail concerne le calcul analytique de la trajectoire des rayons acoustiques ainsi que la vérification expérimentale des résultats théoriques.L’approche analytique a consisté à calculer la trajectoire des rayons acoustique dans la lentille, en tenant compte de l'anisotropie le long de chaque ligne d'inclusions. L'analyse analytique, appliquée à une onde de Lamb antisymétrique (A0), ainsi que les résultats numériques et les données expérimentales, expliquent parfaitement les caractéristiques du champ de déplacement dans la zone focale, y compris la position, la forme et les dimensions latérales de la tâche focale. Le formalisme s’applique quelle que soit la symétrie du cristal phononique et peut être étendu à des ondes élastiques présentant une autre polarisation. Nous montrons dans ce travail qu’une largeur à mi-hauteur aussi petite que 0.64 peut être obtenue lorsque la focalisation intervient au sein de la lentille.Le formalisme s’applique également à la focalisation derrière la lentille. Dans ce cas, la résolution au point focal est déterminée par le "nombre d'onde transversal maximal" à la sortie de la lentille, en bon accord avec les résultats numériques et expérimentaux. Ensuite, nous avons conçu une lentille à gradient d’indice avec des piliers résonnants érigés entre les inclusions d'air. L'analyse numérique prévoit une résolution légèrement au-delà de la limite de diffraction. Expérimentalement, nous mesurons une largeur à mi-hauteur de la tâche focale juste au-dessus de la limite de diffraction.Enfin, nous avons étudié la focalisation d’une onde de Rayleigh par une lentille à gradient d’indice. Nous avons trouvé un bon accord entre le calcul des trajectoires des rayons, les simulations numériques et les expériences. En outre, nous avons analysé la transmission de l’énergie élastique lorsque la focalisation intervient derrière la lentille. / This manuscript is about the focusing of elastic beams propagating in a plate or on the free surface of a semi-infinite medium, using flat acoustical lenses. The devices we have studied are based onto 2D phononic crystals that are made of air inclusions in a solid matrix and featuring a gradient of their elastic properties along one direction of the lens. The gradient index (GRIN) is obtained by modulating either the size of the air inclusions or the distance between two consecutive inclusions.We primarily adopted a computational approach but a significant part of the work concerns the analytical calculation of the ray trajectories as well as the experimental check of the theoretical findings. The analytical approach consists to calculate the ray trajectories of an elastic waves within the lens while accounting for the anisotropy along each lines of inclusions. The analysis applied to the lowest-order flexural Lamb wave (A0), together with both the numerical results and the experimental data, well explains the features of the displacements field in the focus area, including the location, shape and lateral width. The formalism applies whatever the symmetry of the phononic crystal is and can be extended to other polarization of the elastic wave. We show in this work that FWHM as small as 0.64 may be obtained when focusing inside the lens.The formalism applies also to the focusing behind the lens. In that case, the resolution at the focus is determined by the “maximum transverse wavenumber” at the exit of lens, in good agreement with the numerical and experimental results. Then we designed a GRIN phononic lens featuring resonant pillars in addition to the constitutive air inclusions. The numerical analysis foresees the resolution at the focus beyond the diffraction limit, while experimentally we measured the resolution to be just above the diffraction limit. Lastly, we turned to the subwavelength focusing of Rayleigh waves through GRIN lenses. We found a good agreement between the ray trajectories calculation, the numerical simulations and the experiments. We further analysed the influence of energy transmission when the focus is located behind the lens.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23487号 / 工博第4899号 / 新制||工||1765(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 山本 貴士, 教授 高橋 良和, 教授 八木 知己 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Ces travaux concernent l'étude expérimentale e analytique de la turbulence en phase de développement dans les fluides hétérogènes à densité et à viscosité variable. Ils font appel à des outils de diagnostics expérimentaux (anémométrie à fil chaud, technique de diffusion Rayleigh, Vélocimétrie Doppler Laser), et au formalisme des équations de Navier-Stockes à viscosité variable. L'innovation porte sur l'indépendance de la mesure de la vitesse. Après sa validation, la plate-forme expérimentale est exploitée pour l'étude comparative d'un jet de propane émergeant dans un milieu air-néon, à viscosité et densité variable, avec un jet d'air classique, à même quantité de mouvement injectée initialement. Ce travail se poursuit ensuite par un approfondissement des propriétés dans le champ proche, complétés par une approche analytique à partir des réécritures des équations de Navier-Stokes à viscosité variable. / This work is devoted to the study of the undeveloped turbulence in heterogeneus gaseus mixtures, using experimental tools (Hot-wire Anemometry, Rayleigh Light Scattering, Laser Doppler Velocimetry) and analytical methods (variable-viscosity Navier Stokes equations). A new technique combining HWA and RLS is first adapted to reliabily measure the fluctuating velocity and concentration fields in variable-viscosity flows (herein, a propane-air mixture). A variable-viscosity round jet (propane emerging into an air-neon mixture) is characterized and compared with a turbulent air jet discharging into still air, at the same initial jet momentum. An analytical work is further performed with a particular focus on the jet axis, based on the Navier-Stokes equations including variable viscosity to support the experiments. It is shown that the kinetic energy dissipation rate is enhanced by several additional terms, particularly involving 'viscosity-velocity' correlations.

Dans cette thèse nous avons proposé un modèle robuste permettant d’expliquer la propagation de bulles dans des systèmes composés de plusieurs cavités de taille micrométrique. Notre modèle s’applique d’abord à deux cavités placées côte à côte, où l’une d’entre elle contient une bulle vibrante provoquant le mouvement de la paroi séparant les deux cavités. Un système d’équations modélisant ce système a été établi. Nous montrons que le choix des conditions initiales contrôle le déclenchement de l’onde de cavitation. En effet, le déphasage entre la vibration de la bulle et de la membrane vibrante donne les conditions nécessaires et suffisantes pour expliquer les observations expérimentales. En s’appuyant sur les résultats théoriques, nous avons développé un modèle macroscopique numérique, très phénoménologique, permettant la propagation de bulles de cavitation et la formation de clusters de bulle. / In this thesis, a robust model is proposed towards explaining bubbles propagation within systems composed by several micrometric cavities. Our first model is based on two cavities placed side by side, one of which contains a vibrating bubble which sets into motion the wall separating the two cavities. A system of equations modeling this system is proposed. It has been proved that the choice of the initial conditions controls the cavitation wave initiation. Indeed, the phase shifts between the bubble vibration and the vibrating membrane gives the necessary and sufficient conditions to explain the experimental observations. In this framework, we have developed a phenomenological and numerical macroscopic model, allowing the propagation of cavitation bubbles and the formation of bubble clusters.