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Lectures cycliques : le réseau inter-romanesque dans les cycles du Graal du XIIIe siècle / Cyclical Readings : thirteenth-Century Grail Cycles as Narrative NetworksMoran, Patrick 07 May 2011 (has links)
Les cycles arthuriens en prose du XIIIe siècle (principalement la trilogie dite de Robert de Boron et le Cycle Vulgate ou Lancelot-Graal) sont des ensembles au statut singulier. Définis à la fois par l’autonomie et l’interconnexion des romans qui les constituent, ils se distinguent des romans en vers individualisés qui les précèdent et des proses amples mais plus homogènes qui les suivent. À leurs caractéristiques formelles s’ajoute le projet de construire des univers de fiction cohérents, susceptibles d’instaurer un canon arthurien définitif. La brièveté de la période de production (1200-1240 environ) est contrecarrée par le succès durable que ces textes connaissent pendant tout le Moyen Âge ; la cyclicité est une forme romanesque expérimentale qui crée un rapport neuf à la matière de Bretagne et génère surtout des modes de lecture nouveaux. Caractérisés par des tendances aussi bien centrifuges que centripètes, les romans cycliques génèrent un réseau que le lecteur peut explorer à sa guise, de manière partielle ou complète, ordonnée ou désordonnée ; mettant en relation des romans aux visées parfois disparates mais assumant leur interconnexion, le cycle offre au lecteur un parcours sans cesse renouvelé, où les grands effets de cohérence l’emportent sur les contradictions de détail. C’est ce réseau inter-romanesque qui est l’objet privilégié de la présente étude : les romans cycliques, loin de développer leur sens en autarcie, vivent de la mise en lien de leurs récits et construisent ensemble, par le biais de la lecture organisatrice, des mondes narratifs multipolaires. / The thirteenth-century Arthurian prose cycles (mainly Robert de Boron’s trilogy and the Vulgate or Lancelot-Grail Cycle) are groupings of a peculiar nature. Defined both by the autonomy and the interconnection of their constituent romances, they differ from the individualised verse romances which precede them as well as from the massive yet more homogenous prose narratives which follow. These formal characteristics go hand-in-hand with a coherent world-building project, which aims to formulate a definitive Arthurian canon. The brevity of the production period (ca. 1200-1240) is counterbalanced by the lasting success of these texts throughout the Middle Ages; cyclicity is an experimental form which creates a new take on the matter of Britain, and most of all, gives birth to new modes of reading. Defined by centrifugal as well as centripetal tendencies, cyclical romances generate a network which the reader may explore at will, either partially or completely, in an orderly or disorderly manner. By linking romances which may have different aims yet accept their basic connectivity, cycles allow their readers to navigate them in constantly renewed ways, while at the same time preserving their coherence in spite of localised contradictions. This cross-romance network is the subject of the present study: cyclical romances, far from existing in isolation, thrive in an interconnected narrative environment; in conjunction with the reader’s own structuring powers, they interact to build multifarious narrative worlds.
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Religion et violence dans l'oeuvre de Yūsuf Zaydān : les chemins croisés de la fiction et de l'histoire / Religion and violence in the work of Yūsuf Zaydān : intertwining fiction and historyRubino, Marcella 01 December 2018 (has links)
L’écrivain égyptien Yūsuf Zaydān s’inscrit dans la tradition - constituée à l’âge de la Nahḍa – de l’intellectuel “éducateur des consciences”. Depuis cette époque, face à un récit national contrôlé par le pouvoir politique ou religieux, la littérature arabe a souvent revisité l’histoire et l’actualité dans le but de rétablir - grâce à la liberté offerte par le discours fictionnel - la vérité occultée par le récit officiel. Dans ce processus de réécriture, Zaydān s’intéresse particulièrement à la relation entre religion, politique et violence. L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer l’oeuvre littéraire de cet auteur, dans le but d’en dégager l’originalité. Celle-ci apparaît, d’une part, dans la capacité de Zaydān à mettre en valeur son double profil d’universitaire et de romancier, à travers une production très variée allant du roman à l’essai; d’autre part, dans les stratégies spécifiques qu’il emploie afin de s’adresser à son destinataire privilégié: le lecteur égyptien. Auteur controversé autant pour son oeuvre que pour sa personnalité, Zaydān n’en demeure pas moins un phénomène littéraire : illustration à la fois de l’éclatement du champ littéraire et d’une démocratisation exacerbée de la culture en Egypte, son cas permet de mieux comprendre la littérature arabe ultra contemporaine et ce qu’elle exprime sur les sociétés en recomposition - politique, économique et culturelle - desquelles elle émane. / The Egyptian writer Yūsuf Zaydān is part of the tradition – dating from the age of the Nahḍa – of intellectuals as "educators of consciousness". Since then, faced with a national narrative controlled by political or religious power, Arab literature has often revisited history and current affairs with the aim of restoring – through the freedom offered by fictional discourse – the truth overshadowed by official history. Through this rewriting process, Zaydān is particularly interested in discussing the relationship between religion, politics and violence. The objective of this thesis is to explore Zaydān’s literary work in order to identify its originality. This originality is manifested, first, through Zaydān's dual profile as both academic and novelist, engaged in varied production that ranges from novels to essays; second, in the specific strategies he employs in order to address his privileged audience: the Egyptian reader. A controversial author in both his work and his personality, Zaydān is above all a literary phenomenon. An example of the blossoming literary field and the exacerbated cultural democratisation in Egypt, his case allows us to better understand ultra-modern Arab literature and what it expresses about the (politically, economically, culturally) recomposed and changing society that have produced it.
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MOSAICOS DE CULTURAS DE LEITURA E DESAFIOS DA TRADUÇÃO NA LITERATURA INFANTIL.Wind, Tonia Leigh 20 December 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-12-20 / O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é analisar o segmento denominado literatura infantil sob a
perspectiva das tradições culturais decorrentes da prática de leitura no Brasil e nos EUA; da
influência desta espécie literária no processo de formação do indivíduo, e dos percalços
linguísticos enfrentados na tradução de livros estrangeiros para o mercado nacional. Para
tanto, far-se-á uma apresentação do contexto histórico-cultural da espécie literária, de suas
raízes nos contos orais indo-europeus até chegar ao que se considera a nascença da
literatura infantil brasileira no Século XX. Como complemento ao estudo cultural, avaliar-se-á
obras canônicas e textos doutrinários usando como suporte teórico da narrativa e da literatura
em geral: Gaston Bachelard, Peter Hunt, Ana Maria Machado, Terry Eagleton, Nelly Novaes
Coelho, Regina Zilberman, Marisa Lajolo, entre outros. Um enfoque especial será dado ao
conceito norte-americano e brasileiro de cultura de leitura e mediadores de leitura para
comparar o processo de formação do indivíduo em ambos os países. Como parte desta
abordagem, será mostrada uma análise dos conceitos de multiculturalismo e pluriculturalismo
as quais serão apresentadas para apontar sua importância e influência no leitor dentro da
sociedade. O último capítulo da pesquisa dar-se-á sobre o tema tradução e suas implicações
linguístico-culturais enfrentados pelo tradutor literário, assim como a migração do hábito de
leitura dentro das salas de aulas de L2 para fomentar a aquisição de uma segunda língua.
Analisar-se-á aspectos do texto original que se perdem numa adaptação ou tradução dando
uma ênfase especial aos conceitos de domesticação e estrangeirização para melhor atender às
necessidades do leitor final usando como suporte as teorias tradutórias de George Steiner,
Lawrence Venuti, Eugene Nida, Jeremy Munday, John Milton, Mona Baker, Zohar Shavit,
Susan Bassnett, Riitta Oittinen, entre outros. Como base de análise literária, o corpus desta
pesquisa será composto de alguns exemplos de cânones, focando especificamente dois livros
norte-americanos e suas traduções brasileiras: Where the Wild Things Are (Onde Vivem os
Monstros) de Maurice Sendak e Mr. Peabody´s Apples (As Maçãs do Sr. Peabody) da
Madonna.
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Reading the Game: Exploring Narratives in Video Games as Literary TextsTurley, Andrew C. 12 1900 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Video games are increasingly recognized as powerful tools for learning in classrooms. However, they are widely neglected in the field of English, particularly as objects worthy of literary study. This project argues the place of video games as objects of literary study and criticism, combining the theories of Espen Aarseth, Ian Bogost, Henry Jenkins, and James Paul Gee. The author of this study presents an approach to literary criticism of video games that he names “player-generated narratives.” Through player-generated narratives, players as readers of video games create loci for interpretative strategies that lead to both decoding and critical inspection of game narratives. This project includes a case-study of the video game Undertale taught in multiple college literature classrooms over the course of a year. Results of the study show that a video game introduced as a work of literature to a classroom increases participation, actives disengaged students, and connects literary concepts across media through multimodal learning. The project concludes with a chapter discussing applications of video games as texts in literature classrooms, including addressing the practical concerns of migrating video games into an educational setting.
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O jogo e os jogos: o jogo da leitura, o jogo de xadrez e a sanidade mental em A defesa Lujin, de Vladimir Nabokov / Theres games and games: the play of reading, the game of chess and sanity in Vladimir Nabokovs The Luzhin defenseSimone Silva Campos 28 March 2014 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / No romance A defesa Lujin, de Vladimir Nabokov, publicado em russo em 1930, o texto procura levar o leitor a adotar processos mentais similares ao de um jogador de xadrez e de um esquizofrênico, características do personagem-título do romance. Delineiam-se as expectativas e circunstâncias de um ser de papel que se vê jogando um xadrez em que também é peça e traçam-se paralelos com as expectativas e circunstâncias do leitor perante esse texto literário. O prefácio de Nabokov à edição em inglês de 1964 é tomado como indício de um leitor e um autor implícitos que ele procura moldar. Para análise dos elementos textuais e níveis de abstração mental envolvidos, recorre-se à estética da recepção de Wolfgang Iser e a diversas ideias do psiquiatra e etnólogo Gregory Bateson, entre elas o conceito de duplo vínculo, com atenção às distinções entre mapa/território e play/game. Um duplo duplo vínculo é perpetrado na interação leitor-texto: 1) o leitor é convidado a sentir empatia pela situação do personagem Lujin e a considerá-lo lúcido e louco ao mesmo tempo; e 2) o leitor é colocado como uma instância pseudo-transcendental incapaz de comunicação com a instância inferior (Lujin), gerando uma angústia diretamente relacionável ao seu envolvimento com a ficção, replicando de certa forma a loucura de Lujin. A sinestesia do personagem Lujin é identificada como um dos elementos do texto capaz de recriar a experiência de jogar xadrez até para quem não aprecia o jogo. Analisa-se a conexão entre a esquizofrenia ficcional do personagem Lujin e a visão batesoniana do alcoolismo / In Vladimir Nabokovs novel, The Luzhin Defense, published in Russian in 1930, the text beckons the reader on to adopt mental processes similar to a chess players and a schizophrenic persons both traits of the novels title character. This character sees himself both as player and piece of an ongoing game of chess; his expectations and predicaments are traced in parallel to the readers own as he or she navigates the text. Nabokovs preface to the 1964 English edition is taken as an indication that he tries to shape both an implicit reader and an implicit author. In order to analyze the elements of the text and degrees of mental abstraction involved in this, we refer to Wolfgang Isers reader-response theory and also many of psychiatrist and ethnologist Gregory Batesons ideas, such as the double bind, with special regard to map vs. territory and play vs. game distinctions. A double double bind is built within the reader-text interplay as follows: 1) the reader is invited to feel empathy for Luzhins predicament and to regard him at once as sane and insane; and 2) the reader is posited as a pseudo-transcendental instance unable to communicate with his nether instance (Luzhin) in such a way that it brews a feeling of anxiety directly relatable to his or her engagement in the work of fiction, reproducing, in a way, Luzhins madness. Luzhins synesthesia is identified as one of the text elements with the ability to recreate the chess-playing experience even to readers who are not fond of the game. The connection between Luzhins fictional schizophrenia and Batesons views on alcoholism is analyzed
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O jogo e os jogos: o jogo da leitura, o jogo de xadrez e a sanidade mental em A defesa Lujin, de Vladimir Nabokov / Theres games and games: the play of reading, the game of chess and sanity in Vladimir Nabokovs The Luzhin defenseSimone Silva Campos 28 March 2014 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / No romance A defesa Lujin, de Vladimir Nabokov, publicado em russo em 1930, o texto procura levar o leitor a adotar processos mentais similares ao de um jogador de xadrez e de um esquizofrênico, características do personagem-título do romance. Delineiam-se as expectativas e circunstâncias de um ser de papel que se vê jogando um xadrez em que também é peça e traçam-se paralelos com as expectativas e circunstâncias do leitor perante esse texto literário. O prefácio de Nabokov à edição em inglês de 1964 é tomado como indício de um leitor e um autor implícitos que ele procura moldar. Para análise dos elementos textuais e níveis de abstração mental envolvidos, recorre-se à estética da recepção de Wolfgang Iser e a diversas ideias do psiquiatra e etnólogo Gregory Bateson, entre elas o conceito de duplo vínculo, com atenção às distinções entre mapa/território e play/game. Um duplo duplo vínculo é perpetrado na interação leitor-texto: 1) o leitor é convidado a sentir empatia pela situação do personagem Lujin e a considerá-lo lúcido e louco ao mesmo tempo; e 2) o leitor é colocado como uma instância pseudo-transcendental incapaz de comunicação com a instância inferior (Lujin), gerando uma angústia diretamente relacionável ao seu envolvimento com a ficção, replicando de certa forma a loucura de Lujin. A sinestesia do personagem Lujin é identificada como um dos elementos do texto capaz de recriar a experiência de jogar xadrez até para quem não aprecia o jogo. Analisa-se a conexão entre a esquizofrenia ficcional do personagem Lujin e a visão batesoniana do alcoolismo / In Vladimir Nabokovs novel, The Luzhin Defense, published in Russian in 1930, the text beckons the reader on to adopt mental processes similar to a chess players and a schizophrenic persons both traits of the novels title character. This character sees himself both as player and piece of an ongoing game of chess; his expectations and predicaments are traced in parallel to the readers own as he or she navigates the text. Nabokovs preface to the 1964 English edition is taken as an indication that he tries to shape both an implicit reader and an implicit author. In order to analyze the elements of the text and degrees of mental abstraction involved in this, we refer to Wolfgang Isers reader-response theory and also many of psychiatrist and ethnologist Gregory Batesons ideas, such as the double bind, with special regard to map vs. territory and play vs. game distinctions. A double double bind is built within the reader-text interplay as follows: 1) the reader is invited to feel empathy for Luzhins predicament and to regard him at once as sane and insane; and 2) the reader is posited as a pseudo-transcendental instance unable to communicate with his nether instance (Luzhin) in such a way that it brews a feeling of anxiety directly relatable to his or her engagement in the work of fiction, reproducing, in a way, Luzhins madness. Luzhins synesthesia is identified as one of the text elements with the ability to recreate the chess-playing experience even to readers who are not fond of the game. The connection between Luzhins fictional schizophrenia and Batesons views on alcoholism is analyzed
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