La finance islamique est un secteur à fort potentiel, il ne connaît pas de crise, et sa ‎croissance augmente à deux chiffres ! Au Maroc comme partout dans le monde, cette ‎industrie financière éthique est en plein effervescence, elle ne cesse de gagner du terrain ‎notamment dans les secteurs touchant l’économie réelle, à l’instar de l’immobilier.‎ En effet, force est de constater, que le secteur immobilier s’adapte parfaitement aux ‎exigences éthiques de cette finance à caractère morale. À vrai dire cette dernière, offre une ‎panoplie de techniques juridiques allant du simple au plus complexe permettant l’accès au ‎logement et l’investissement immobilier.‎ Cette thèse examine selon une approche juridique moderne ces techniques contractuelles, ‎qui offrent des alternatives intéressantes et sans intérêts aux solutions de financement ‎actuelles / Islamic Finance is a sector of big potentials, it knows no crisis and its ‎growth is increasing with a double-digit rate! In Morocco, like ‎everywhere in the word, this ethical financial industry is buzzing, it ‎keeps gaining ground in sectors of real economy such as real estate.‎ In fact, it is clear that the sector of real estate adapts perfectly to the ‎ethical requirements of this finance of moral features. As a matter of ‎fact, it offers a panoply of juridical techniques ranging from simple to ‎complex and gives access to housing and real estate investment.‎ This thesis, probes with a modern juridical approach these contractual ‎techniques that give interesting alternatives and without bank interest ‎to the problems of the current financing

Submitted by Guilherme Valentim Barbosa (guilhermevalentim@gmail.com) on 2018-09-18T02:06:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Valentim Barbosa - Dissertação - 20180917.pdf: 947230 bytes, checksum: a6fd42e0aefd410304cfa0f0ba723d7b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2018-09-18T14:55:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Valentim Barbosa - Dissertação - 20180917.pdf: 947230 bytes, checksum: a6fd42e0aefd410304cfa0f0ba723d7b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-19T13:06:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Valentim Barbosa - Dissertação - 20180917.pdf: 947230 bytes, checksum: a6fd42e0aefd410304cfa0f0ba723d7b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T13:06:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Valentim Barbosa - Dissertação - 20180917.pdf: 947230 bytes, checksum: a6fd42e0aefd410304cfa0f0ba723d7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-10 / Este trabalho busca analisar empiricamente a existência de bolhas imobiliárias ao redor do mundo e identificar quando esses comportamentos explosivos no preço dos imóveis ocorreram. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio de uma metodologia recursiva de testes de raiz unitária, os testes SADF e GSADF propostos por Phillips e co-autores. Foram coletados dados de preços de imóveis para 28 países e seus respectivos índices de preços ao consumidor. Os resultados obtidos apontaram a existência de comportamentos explosivos em aproximadamente 90% das séries analisadas. / This study aims to empirically analyze the existence of real estate bubbles around the world and to identify when these explosive behavior in real estate prices occurred. The results were obtained through a recursive methodology of unit root tests, the SADF and GSADF tests proposed by Phillips and co-authors. Real estate price data were collected for 28 countries and their respective consumer price indexes. The results obtained indicate the existence of explosive behavior in about 90% of the analyzed series.

The diploma thesis focuses on evaluation of revenue of investing in real estate through collective investment, especially through the real estate investment trusts and revenue gained by direct investment in real estate with regard to current situation in Slovak real estate market. The thesis should guide potential investor through these types of investments and its result is formulation of investment recommendation.

South African property investment vehicles consist of collective investment schemes in property (CISPs), also known as property unit trusts (PUTs) and property loan stock (PLS) companies. The application of sections 25B(1), 11(s), 10(1)(k)(i)(aa) and 64B(5)(b) of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 (“the Act”) and paragraph 67A(1) of the Eighth Schedule to the Act result in these property investment vehicles being taxed based on their legal form, that of a trust versus a company, rather than on their common purpose. The South African Revenue Service recognised these inconsistencies in the 2007/8 budget tax proposals and proposed that it be reviewed. In December 2007, National Treasury released a discussion paper on the reform of the listed property investment sector in South Africa. The discussion paper is aimed at adopting a real estate investment trust (REIT) regime in South Africa to make South African property investment vehicles more attractive to foreign investors as well as to address the current tax inconsistencies and fragmented regulation of the South African listed real estate sector. In this study, the current inconsistent tax treatment of these property investment vehicles is reviewed, both as to how they apply to the property investment vehicle and to their respective investors. This study further reviews how REITs in selected other countries are regulated and taxed and National Treasury’s proposals as to how REITs applicable in South Africa should be regulated and taxed. Copyright / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Taxation / unrestricted

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science in Building (Property Development and Management) to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Construction Economics and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017 / The research study seeks to determine the most resilient residential real estate market segment throughout the economic cycle waves, for the innercity of Johannesburg, South Africa. The study is prompted by various global reports that subtly suggests a uniform effect to real estate market segments throughout economic cycle waves. Such reports have adopted various indices as proxy to economic cycle waves (e.g. interest rates, current account deficit, gross domestic product, etc.) and house price as proxy to real estate market segments in an attempt to justify the relationship between the proxies. For purposes of this research report, business cycles are employed as proxy to economic cycle waves whilst house prices are also representative of real estate market segments. In a country that ranks third globally on high inequality, with a gini coefficient of 0.63, it is considered improbable – at the very least - that the performance of real estate market segments would react uniformly to the effects of economic cycle waves. The residential sector is opted as a test case, mainly due to growing number of population and the desperate need for housing to accommodate such high population growth levels. The housing challenge needs to be thoroughly understood so that informed and/or adequate planning can be formulated. The research study follows a Pragmatism Philosophy, which allows for mixed method approach in addressing research questions, in order to meet the research aim and objectives. An Explanatory Sequential research design is used as a form of mixed method approach. The process involves collecting both Qualitative and Quantitative data, integrating the two forms of data, and using distinct designs that involves philosophical assumptions and theoretical frameworks. In this case, Quantitative methods are used to explain Qualitative methods. Priority is given to Quantitative data and the two methods are integrated during the interpretation phase of the research study. Empirical analysis using tools such as Quantile Regressions (e.g.OLS regressions) for a period between 2005 (Q1) and 2015 (Q4) are analysed and discussed. Standard errors and covariances were computed using tools such as the Huber-Sandwich methods, to which an Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was conducted to test for the null hypothesis of a unit root in a time series sample. The Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM test is also used to confirm the absence of serial correlation at four lags. The ARCH LM test is used to show that residuals are homoskedastic, i.e. that there is no evidence of time-varying variance. A negative and significant coefficient appears only the high price sector, suggesting that the business cycle has a negative impact on house prices in the high residential real estate market segment, displaying negative average growth over the period. House prices in the low and medium residential real estate market segments do not respond to movements in the business cycle, on the average. Property size also displayed a negative impact on house prices in the high residential real estate market segment. The autoregressive parameters for house prices in the low and middle residential real estate market segments are statistically significant at 5% and 10%, respectively. Negative and significant coefficient is recorded for the middle residential real estate market segment as well, at the second quantile. In conclusion, the low residential real estate market segment appeared to have been the most resilient residential real estate market segment amongst other residential real estate market segments. The middle residential real estate market segment appears to have been a partially resilient, whilst the high residential real estate market segment appears to have been the least resilient. Given these findings, it is submitted that residential real estate market segments need to be considered or assessed individually, in order to formulate adequate strategies for integrated and sustainable human settlements. / MT2018

An investment vehicle that holds listed real estate securities that focus on residential properties globally, is currently not available. The study’s purpose is to determine the feasibility of such a product, its potential advantages and disadvantages. This thesis applied a qualitative research method by conducting semi-structured interviews with professional fund managers in Sweden and Germany that manage real estate funds. The literature review and theory consist of fundamentals and academics in real estate investing, investment vehicles, portfolio theory and lastly investor types and their behaviour. The authors conclude that the majority of experts interviewed considered the proposed vehicle as interesting but lifted concerns that need to be addressed in further research. The political risk, especially on a global scale, was stated as the major risk. Furthermore, experts have divided opinions regarding the maturity for listed real estate companies on the financial markets. What type of investment vehicle that would be the most suitable will depend on investment tactic, investors and the current status of the global economy and the financial markets. The overall investigations result is that experts view the proposed idea as positive and feasible. It poses a good foundation for further research and might find its place in the sphere of real estate investments. / En investeringsform som innehåller noterade fastighetsaktier globalt, där bolagen är fokuserade på hyresfastigheter, är förnärvarande inte tillgängligt på marknaden. Uppsatsens syfte är att avgöra om en sådan inveteringsform är genomförbar samt undersöka dess fördelar och nackdelar. Denna uppsats har applicerat en kvalitativ metod genom semi-strukturerade intevjuer med profesionalla fondförvaltare som förvaltar fastighetsaktiefonder i Sverige och Tyskland. Litteraturstudien och teorin innehåller akademisk forskning och fundamentala teorier inom fastighetsinvesteringar, investeringsstrukturer, portfölj teori och till sist investeraryper och dess beteende. Författarna konstaterar att majoriteten av experterna ansåg att den förslagna investeringsformen är intressant, men belyste också svårigheter och risker som bör adresseras i forstsatt forsking på ämnet. Den politiska risken, speciellt på ett globalt plan, ansågs vara den största risken. Experterna hade delade åsikter angående mognaden för globala fastighetsaktier på de finansiella marknaderna. Vilken investeringsstruktur som är bäst tillämpar beror enligt experterna på investeringstaktik, investerarna och det nuvarande klimatet i världsekonomin och på de finansiella marknaderna. Studien resulterade i att experterna ser på den försglagna investersformen positivt och som genomförbar. Förslaget innehar en godgrund för fortsatt forskning och kan i framtiden hitta sin plats i sfären av fastighetsinvesteringar.

Denna uppsats kretsar kring beslutsfattande och metodik vid fastighetsinvesteringar i potentiella tillväxtnoder. Då fastighetssektorn är så omfattande har vi valt att avgränsa oss till en speciell typ av fastigheter, närmare bestämt logistikfastigheter. Ytterligare en fördjupning har skett, där vi valt ut en specifik investering i området, för att fördjupa oss om denna. Det specifika fall vi valt att ta mestadels av vår data från är Rosersbergs industriområde, även känt som Stockholm Nord Logistikcenter. Som en referenspunkt till Stockholm Nord Logistikcenter har vi i arbetet även skrivit översiktligt om Arenastaden, som är belägen i Solna. En del tidigare forskning har gjort på området Logistik, och somliga av dessa studier har vi även tagit del av för att utvinna information inom ämnet som även kunnat användas i vårt arbete. Dock har den studien vi främst använt oss av varit inriktad på logistik i sin helhet och inte ett specifikt fall. På cirka 9 år har området utanför Rosersberg villastad förvandlats från en skog, inom ett bullerområde utanför en mindre bostadsort, till en logistiknod där ett tiotal stora företag bedriver verksamhet i tusentals kvadratmeter lokaler. Allt detta i något som tros komma att bli ett av de största logistikcentrena i hela Sverige, och med tanke för de framtidsplaner som finns är det inte osannolikt. Den största drivkraften för projektet har varit Kilenkrysset, men detta med hjälp av gott samarbetsvilja från offentlig sektor. Vår studie kretsar kring vilka faktorer som påverkat till att denna investering blivit lyckad, samt vilken typ av företag det är som bedrivit arbetet. Vi har även gått in på hur orten Rosersberg, som tidigare legat i lä, påverkats av detta händelseförlopp. Innan projektet i Rosersberg initierades av Kilenkrysset har många frågor angående området diskuterats inom kommunen under många årtionden, dock har man aldrig kommit till skott på grund av bristande intresse och samhällsnytta. Utifrån det vi kunnat utläsa av den tillgängliga data vi samlat, har vi kunnat dra slutsatsen att utvecklingen bidragit till att göra platsen attraktiv för företag, men likväl för människor att numera bo i. Under arbetet har vi tagit kontakt med fyra respondenter som intervjuats, varav tre av dessa respondenter kommer från koncernen Kilenkrysset. Flera företag, bland annat NCC, har kontribuerat till utvecklingen i Rosersbergs industriområde, men Kilenkrysset är de som varit överlägset störst i området. Vi har även haft kontakt med en före detta anställd på bygg- och trafiknämnden i Sigtuna kommun för att få en objektiv, och mer överskådlig bild över hur samarbetet mellan offentlig sektor och investerare sett ut. För att bättre kunna förstå hur beslutsfattande skötts inom Kilenkrysset, både under och innan projektets fortgående, har vi studerat företaget mer grundligt. Information har framtagits kring företagets uppstart och dess historia, och hur det beslutsfattandet som till sist ledde dem till Rosersberg sett ut. Man kan klart se att både företaget i sin helhet och dess ledning är säregna, vilket man även ur materialet kan observera hur detta gynnat dem under projektets fortlöpande. Men även negativa aspekter har tagits upp angående deras beslutsfattande och tillvägagångssätt. Detta för att ge en rättvisande bild av vilka för- och nackdelar som i realiteten kretsar runt dessa metoder. / This essay revolves around the desicion making process in real estate investments, where the investment contributes to the economic growth of the surrounding area. Due to the sheer size of the sector, we have chosen to limit our study to a specific type of real estate, which we decided to be logistic property. We have also chosen to study a specific case in more detail, to be able to understand how these projects develops. The case we chose was the investment of Rosersbergs Industrial park, also known as Stockholm Nord Logistic Centre. As a point of reference to this project we have chosen to briefly look into another, quite similar in size, project; Arenastaden in Solna. There have been studies made on Logistics in the past, some of which we have chosen to use as sources of information on our study. The study we used as the main source studied logistics on a different scale than ours, where the whole logistics market in Stockholm was studied. In merely 9 years the area surrounding Rosersberg has transformed, from unexploited land suffering from airport noise, into a rapidly growing logistics center where dozens of companies have chosen to exist. All this in an area many believe will be one of the biggest logistic centers in Sweden, which is not unlikely due to the future plans of the area. The company that initiated the project, which also has been the driving force is Kilenkrysset AB, with a lot of assistance from a supportive municipality. Before the company's initiative in the area, the municipality has been contemplating since the 60's what to do with the area, and how to make it grow. The issue before the company came along was almost solely economical; because there was no solid plan or investor to take care of the area and the infrastructure surrounding it. Based on the data we collected the area has improved its attraction both to companies, as well as to the residents in the area. Our study will attempt to determine which of the variables had the greatest importance on the end result of the project. As well as to study which type of company that decides to take on these kinds of projects. We have also studied how the surrounding area in Rosersberg has grown as a result of this specific investment. To gather information on the subject, we have contacted four respondents, which consists of three people from the Kilenkrysset organization. The reason why the majority of the interviewed respondents has been from one single company is because they have by far been the biggest investor in the area. The construction company NCC has also been part of the development in the area, but have sold most of their property to Kilenkrysset. The last respondent is from the building and traffic department within the municipality (Bygg- och trafiknämnden). Since we want to understand how decision making is handled within these types of organizations, we have chosen to study Kilenkrysset more thoroughly. Information about their history and the decision making process that eventually lead them to Rosersberg. From the information collected we can conclude that the company and its management have quite an extraordinary way of doing business. It is also obvious how their way of thinking has benefited them throughout their project in Rosersberg. But every technique has consequences, and we will also enlighten these consequences to try to observe both the pros and the cons about these methods.

by Chan Ngai-Ming, Zoe, Chung Ting Ting. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-57). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- THE HONG KONG PRIMARY RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRY --- p.6 / Industry Overview --- p.6 / Developers for This Study --- p.6 / Chapter III. --- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK --- p.8 / Competitor Analysis --- p.8 / Market Commonality Vs Product Commonality --- p.8 / Suggested Attributes for Studying Product Commonality in this Industry --- p.9 / Location --- p.9 / Time of Sale --- p.9 / Flat Size --- p.10 / Other Factors --- p.10 / Resource Similarity --- p.12 / Competitive Actions and Responses --- p.12 / Product Commonality and Competitive Response --- p.14 / Competitive Response and Performance --- p.17 / Chapter IV. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.19 / Data --- p.19 / Identification of Actions and Responses --- p.19 / Measurement --- p.21 / Product Commonality --- p.21 / Likelihood of Response to Price Change --- p.24 / Response Magnitude --- p.24 / Performance --- p.25 / Comparative Approach --- p.25 / Chapter V. --- RESULTS --- p.27 / Product Commonality and Likelihood of Response to Price Change --- p.27 / Response Magnitude and Performance --- p.30 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION --- p.34 / Implications --- p.34 / Limitation and Future Directions --- p.36 / APPENDIX I RECOMMENDATIONS FROM STUDY OF HONG KONG RESIDENTIAL MARKET BY THE CONSUMER COUNCIL IN 1996 --- p.41 / APPENDIX IIA SUMMARY OF 27 DATA UNDER STUDIED --- p.43 / APPENDIX IIB TIMELINES FOR 27 DATA UNDER STUDIED --- p.46 / APPENDIX III PRODUCT COMMONALITY BREAKDOWN --- p.52 / APPENDIX IV SUMMARY OF PRIMARY DATA --- p.54 / bibliography --- p.56

by Liu Shiang Ling. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- CHINA'S RENMINBI SYSTEM --- p.3 / Overview and Historical Development --- p.3 / 1953-1972 --- p.3 / 1973-1978 --- p.4 / 1979-1993 --- p.4 / 1994-1996 --- p.6 / The Exchange Rate Determination --- p.7 / Demand & Supply --- p.7 / The Balance of Payments --- p.8 / Inflation --- p.10 / Interest Rate --- p.10 / The Condition of Economic Development --- p.11 / Expectation --- p.11 / The Fiscal Policy --- p.12 / Forecasting Exchange Rate --- p.12 / Fundamental Analysis --- p.14 / Chapter III. --- CHINA'S PROPERTY MARKET --- p.15 / The History of China's Property Market --- p.15 / Pre-1949 --- p.15 / 1949-1979 --- p.15 / 1979-1991 --- p.16 / 1992-1996 --- p.18 / China's Real Estate Market Overview --- p.20 / Shanghai's Property Market --- p.21 / Risk Analysis --- p.22 / Return --- p.22 / Risks --- p.23 / Chapter IV. --- THEORETICAL ANALYSIS --- p.25 / Currency Conversion and Exchange Rate Risks --- p.25 / Hypothesis --- p.26 / The Short Run --- p.26 / The Long Run --- p.27 / Chapter V. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS --- p.29 / Targets of Study --- p.29 / Questionnaire --- p.29 / Chapter VI. --- ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS --- p.30 / Primary Source Data --- p.30 / Secondary Source Data --- p.32 / Analysis --- p.34 / The Short Run --- p.34 / The Long Run --- p.35 / Political Conditions --- p.35 / Economic Conditions --- p.36 / Social Conditions --- p.37 / Market Conditions --- p.37 / Land Investment --- p.38 / Conclusion --- p.39 / Chapter VII. --- RECOMMENDATIONS AND ADVICE TO DEVELOPERS --- p.40 / The Depreciation of Renminbi --- p.40 / The Appreciation of Renminbi --- p.41 / The Chinese Government Policy --- p.42 / Long-Term Consideration --- p.43 / APPENDIX --- p.45

近年來，由於經濟不景氣及市場上之不確定因素，使得投資不動產成為保險業資金投入的新興熱門標的。因投資不動產之行為涉及憲法所保障之財產權，如非有特殊事由不得加以限制。保險法第146條亦有規定不動產為保險業得投資之法定項目之一。惟於現行相關法規規範下，保險業投資發展空間受到限制。究監理機關於此所扮演之角色為何？監理目標為何？於現行法制下，相關法規是否妥適合理等問題，皆有待探求。又隨著不動產投資投入之資金日趨增加，保險業者受裁罰之案例亦較過去為多。究過去裁罰當中，主管機關之處分有無不妥適之處，以及保險業者於投資不動產之相關缺失中，是否有可改善之空間，為本文所欲探討之目標。 / In recent years, real estate has become an increasingly popular investment target for insurers’due to uncertainties in the market and the economic downturn. Legally, investing in real estate is a constitutional right to property and protected specifically by the Insurance Act, Article 146. It cannot be infringed upon unless for specific, legitimate reasons. However, current regulations put a fair amount of limitation on investment in real estate. The adequacy of these regulations, as well as the goals and roles of our supervision system, is to be discussed. In addition, there are a growing number of administrative sanctions as insurance companies put more and more funds in real estate. This article also attempts to investigate if these penalties were appropriate and if there’s room for improvement on the insurers’ part.