Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / South Africa is faced with a high number of people living with HIV/AIDS, and subsequently a great need to access quality medicines for improving patient therapeutic outcomes. Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) require rigid, efficient and effective management, due to their valuable efficacy in prolonging the survival of HIV/AIDS patients, and the limited possibility of substitution. Managing their flow is vital to ensure an uninterrupted supply. Problematic inventory management was experienced by some healthcare facilities in South Africa where in recent years it resulted in stock outs and stock losses through thefts. These factors present obstacles to the availability of quality medicines, which ultimately leads to treatment failure and deterioration of the health status of patients. The aim of this study was to characterise the inventory management practices and medicine store maintenance of ARVs in community health centres (CHCs) in the Cape Metropole, Western Cape, in order to identify specific problems associated with ARV stock management. The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional study design to examine ARV records and to highlight associated discrepancies between recorded iii quantities on logistics tools used and physical counts, to assess the store maintenance, to measure the supply rate and identify factors contributing to poor stock management. The sample comprised 15 CHCs under the Western Cape Provincial Government (WCPG) accredited to provide ARV treatment. A checklist developed by Management Sciences for Health was adapted and was used to gather quantitative information (e.g. physical stock count). Some qualitative data was collected from responsible personnel for ARV drug management at each site. 86.7% of CHCs utilised a logistics tool (either manual or electronic) to manage ARVs. The average number of adult ARV drugs with a logistics tool available in all CHCs was 82.7% of which 21.9% met the criteria for accuracy. Only 32.9% of all logistics tools had records that were up to date. The average percentage of total variation between stock records and physical counts for the ARV drugs assessed was 51.6%. No historical data on stock outs and monthly usage (monthly consumption) could be retrieved in any of the CHCs, although there were no actual stock outs on the day of the fieldwork. The order fill rate was 91.9%. Since ordering is done more often that it should, stock availability did not appear to be problematic. Standard appropriate physical dimensions were not met by 20% of the CHCs and only 66.7% of the CHCs had appropriate labeling of the shelves in the dispensary and in the storeroom. This study demonstrated poor inventory management with respect to the general quality of record keeping, space allocation and general organisation of the medicine storeroom. Making timely entries and recording issues on logistics tools are recommended to keep up to date inventory records and management information system. Frequent monitoring of stock status is suggested, to avoid discrepancies and to keep it to adequate levels iv which will minimise multiple ordering. Regular supervision by the district pharmacist is needed to identify training and other needs. A study on general cost and delivery costs associated with poor record keeping should be carried out.

La problématique du transport de la donnée médicale, de surcroît nominative, comporte de nombreuses contraintes, qu’elles soient d’ordre technique, légale ou encore relationnelle. Les nouvelles technologies, issues particulièrement des grilles informatiques, permettent d’offrir une nouvelle approche au partage de l’information. En effet, le développement des intergiciels de grilles, notamment ceux issus du projet européen EGEE, ont permis d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives pour l’accès distribué aux données. Les principales contraintes d’un système de partage de données médicales, outre les besoins en termes de sécurité, proviennent de la façon de recueillir et d’accéder à l’information. En effet, la collecte, le déplacement, la concentration et la gestion de la donnée, se fait habituellement sur le modèle client-serveur traditionnel et se heurte à de nombreuses problématiques de propriété, de contrôle, de mise à jour, de disponibilité ou encore de dimensionnement des systèmes. La méthodologie proposée dans cette thèse utilise une autre philosophie dans la façon d’accéder à l’information. En utilisant toute la couche de contrôle d’accès et de sécurité des grilles informatiques, couplée aux méthodes d’authentification robuste des utilisateurs, un accès décentralisé aux données médicales est proposé. Ainsi, le principal avantage est de permettre aux fournisseurs de données de garder le contrôle sur leurs informations et ainsi de s’affranchir de la gestion des données médicales, le système étant capable d’aller directement chercher la donnée à la source.L’utilisation de cette approche n’est cependant pas complètement transparente et tous les mécanismes d’identification des patients et de rapprochement d’identités (data linkage) doivent être complètement repensés et réécris afin d’être compatibles avec un système distribué de gestion de bases de données. Le projet RSCA (Réseau Sentinelle Cancer Auvergne – www.e-sentinelle.org) constitue le cadre d’application de ce travail. Il a pour objectif de mutualiser les sources de données auvergnates sur le dépistage organisé des cancers du sein et du côlon. Les objectifs sont multiples : permettre, tout en respectant les lois en vigueur, d’échanger des données cancer entre acteurs médicaux et, dans un second temps, offrir un support à l’analyse statistique et épidémiologique. / Nominative medical data exchange is a growing challenge containing numerous technical, legislative or relationship barriers. New advanced technologies, in the particular field of grid computing, offer a new approach to handle medical data exchange. The development of the gLite grid middleware within the EGEE project opened new perspectives in distributed data access and database federation. The main requirements of a medical data exchange system, except the high level of security, come from the way to collect and provide data. The original client-server model of computing has many drawbacks regarding data ownership, updates, control, availability and scalability. The method described in this dissertation uses another philosophy in accessing medical data. Using the grid security layer and a robust user access authentication and control system, we build up a dedicated grid network able to federate distributed medical databases. In this way, data owners keep control over the data they produce.This approach is therefore not totally straightforward, especially for patient identification and medical data linkage which is an open problem even in centralized medical systems. A new method is then proposed to handle these specific issues in a highly distributed environment. The Sentinelle project (RSCA) constitutes the applicative framework of this project in the field of cancer screening in French Auvergne region. The first objective is to allow anatomic pathology reports exchange between laboratories and screening structures compliant with pathologists’ requirements and legal issues. Then, the second goal is to provide a framework for epidemiologists to access high quality medical data for statistical studies and global epidemiology.

This thesis adopts a practice-based approach to understanding how power, knowledge and knowing intermingle in organizations to facilitate/constrain individual access to opportunities for knowing-in-practice (learning). It explores how organizational mechanisms and technologies of regulation (re)construct and (re)produce organizational dimensions of knowledge as power/knowledge resources by which intermingling modalities of power are enacted to continuously sanction and (re)constitute individual meanings and identities.

Bakgrund: Omvårdnadsdokumentation är en viktig del av sjuksköterskans arbete. På grund av utvecklingen inom vården, lagar och patienternas olika problem, behövs alltmer dokumenteras, vilket leder till att omvårdnadsdokumentationen förändras ständigt. För att förbättra dokumentationen och dess kvalité är det viktigt att sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av omvårdnadsdokumentation undersöks. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av faktorer på arbetsplatsen som påverkar omvårdnadsdokumentation i slutenvård. Metod: Litteraturstudien baserades på empiriska studier. Databearbetning utfördes enligt en manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Databearbetning av tio artiklar resulterade i tre kategorier: Teknik, Kommunikation, och Organisation. Erfarenheterna var delade mellan sjuksköterskor som ansåg att tekniken bakom de elektroniska dokumentationssystemen var positiv och andra som erfor den som negativ. Dessutom var sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av omvårdnadsdokumentation inom slutenvården som ett kommunikationsverktyg delad mellan de som ansåg att den var lämplig och andra som upplevde den dålig. Även ledningen och deras kontroll över sjuksköterskorna var faktorer på arbetsplatsen som påverkade omvårdnadsdokumentationen. Konklusion: Vårdkedjan bör hållas samman genom en tydlig kommunikation och en stöttande organisation. Vidare forskning bör utreda hur elektronisk omvårdnadsdokumentation kan förenklas och hur patienten upplever delaktigheten i omvårdnadsdokumentationen. / Background: Nursing documentation is an important part of the nurse's work. Because of developments in healthcare, laws and the patients’ varying problems, documentation is increasingly needed, leading to nursing documentation constantly changing. For improving nursing documentation and its’ quality, it is important to explore the nurses' experiences of factors that affect nursing documentation in an inpatient setting. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to explore nurses' experiences regarding factors at the workplace affecting nursing documentation in inpatient setting. Methods: The literature study was based on empirical studies. Data analysis was performed according to a qualitative manifest content analysis. Results: The analysis of ten articles resulted in three categories: Technique, Communication, and Organization. The experiences differed between nurses who considered thetechnology behind the electronic documentation systems as positive and others who experienced it as negative. In addition, the nurses' experiences of nursing documentation in an inpatient setting as a communication tool differed between those who considered it appropriate and others who experienced it poorly. Moreover, nurses’ experiences of nursing documentation were affected by the management and their control over the nurses. Conclusion: The chain of care should be hold together through a clear communication and a supportive organization. Further research should investigate how electronic nursing documentation can be made simpler and how the patients experience participation in nursing documentation.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur före detta intagna upplever möjlighet till arbete efter frigivning samt ta reda på hur de blir bemötta av arbetsgivare. Tidigare forskning visar att det finns svårigheter för tidigare dömda att återintegreras på arbetsmarknaden samt att arbetsmöjligheterna skiljer sig kraftigt mellan personer som inte är dömda och de som är tidigare dömda. Detta eftersom arbetsgivare vill skydda organisationen från brottslighet. Teorierna om stigmatisering och stämpling utgör stora delar av arbetet och analyseras tillsammans med informanternas uttalanden i analysdelen. Studien består av en kvalitativ metod med en fenomenologisk ansats med fokus på sex kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. I resultat och analysdelen har jag lyft fram fyra teman som är: självstigmatisering, det dolda stigmat, självuppfyllande profetia och arbetsgivarens respekt för stigmatisering. Slutligen visar huvud resultatet att informanterna i undersökningen befinner sig i en avvikande grupp som har svårt för att återanpassa sig på arbetsmarknaden. Flera av faktorerna till detta är att de fortsätter stigmatiseras och stämplas i anställningsprocesser utifrån tidigare brott, något som därmed begränsar arbetsmöjligheterna ytterligare. Resultatet visar dessutom på att ingen av informanterna erfarit att de blivit bemötta på ett annorlunda sätt, något som kan bero på att man vanligtvis brukar respektera en annan persons stigma i sociala grupper. / The purpose of the study was to investigate how former inmates experience the opportunity to work after served prison sentence and find out how they are treated by employers. Previous research shows that there are difficulties for previously convicted people to be reintegrated into the labour market and that job opportunities differ greatly between people who are not convicted and those who are previously convicted. This is because employers want to protect the organization from crime.   The theories of stigmatization and stamping make up much of the work and are analyzed together with the informants' statements in the analysis part. The study consists of a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach focusing on six qualitative semi-structured interviews. In the results and the analysis section I have highlighted four themes that are: self-stigmatization, the hidden stigmatization, self-fulfilling prophecy and the employer's respect for stigmatization. Finally, the main result shows that the informants in the survey are in a deviant group who have difficulty in reintegrating into the labour market. Several of the factors for this are that they continue to be stigmatized and stamped in employment processes based on previous crimes, which further limits the job opportunities. The result also shows that none of the informants have experienced that they have been treated in a different way, which may be because one usually respect another person's stigma in social groups.

Dans un contexte archivistique en transition, marqué par l'évolution des normes internationales de description archivistique et le passage vers une logique de graphes d'entités, cette thèse se concentre plus spécifiquement sur la gestion des données d'autorité relatives à des personnes physiques. Elle vise à explorer comment le secteur des archives peut bénéficier du développement du Web de données pour favoriser une gestion soutenable de ses données d'autorité :de leur création à leur mise à disposition, en passant par leur maintenance et leur interconnexion avec d'autres ressources.La première partie de la thèse est dédiée à un état de l'art englobant tant les récentes évolutions des normes internationales de description archivistique que le développement de l'écosystème Wikibase. La seconde partie vise à analyser les possibilités et les limites d'une approche faisant appel au logiciel libre Wikibase. Cette seconde partie s'appuie sur une étude empirique menée dans le contexte du Centre d'Études et de Documentation Guerre et Sociétés Contemporaines (CegeSoma). Elle permet de tester les perspectives dont disposent des institutions possédant des ressources limitées et n'ayant pas encore adopté la logique du Web de données. Par le biais de jeux de données relatifs à des personnes liées à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elle dissèque les différentes étapes conduisant à leur publication sous forme de données ouvertes et liées. L'expérience menée en seconde partie de thèse montre comment une base de connaissance mue par un logiciel tel que Wikibase rationalise la création de données d'autorité structurées multilingues. Des exemples illustrent la façon dont ces entités peuvent ensuite être réutilisées et enrichies à l'aide de données externes dans le cadre d'interfaces destinées au grand public. Tout en soulignant les limites propres à l'utilisation de Wikibase, cette thèse met en lumière ses possibilités, en particulier dans le cadre de la maintenance des données. Grâce à son caractère empirique et aux recommandations qu'elle formule, cette recherche contribue ainsi aux efforts et réflexions menés dans le cadre de la transition des métadonnées archivistiques. / The subject of this thesis is the management of authority records for persons. The research was conducted in an archival context in transition, which was marked by the evolution of international standards of archival description and a shift towards the application of knowledge graphs. The aim of this thesis is to explore how the archival sector can benefit from the developments concerning Linked Data in order to ensure the sustainable management of authority records. Attention is not only devoted to the creation of the records and how they are made available but also to their maintenance and their interlinking with other resources.The first part of this thesis addresses the state of the art of the developments concerning the international standards of archival description as well as those regarding the Wikibase ecosystem. The second part presents an analysis of the possibilities and limits associated with an approach in which the free software Wikibase is used. The analysis is based on an empirical study carried out with data of the Study and Documentation Centre War and Contemporary Society (CegeSoma). It explores the options that are available to institutions that have limited resources and that have not yet implemented Linked Data. Datasets that contain information of people linked to the Second World War were used to examine the different stages involved in the publication of data as Linked Open Data.The experiment carried out in the second part of the thesis shows how a knowledge base driven by software such as Wikibase streamlines the creation of multilingual structured authority data. Examples illustrate how these entities can then be reused and enriched by using external data in interfaces aimed at the general public. This thesis highlights the possibilities of Wikibase, particularly in the context of data maintenance, without ignoring the limitations associated with its use. Due to its empirical nature and the formulated recommendations, this thesis contributes to the efforts and reflections carried out within the framework of the transition of archival metadata. / Doctorat en Information et communication / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Magister Commercii - MCom / Information and communication technologies (ICT) have changed the way healthcare processes are being documented. This results in better quality and ethical vigilance to ensure a more accurate form of data recordkeeping (Stevenson, Nilsson, Petersson & Johansson, 2010). Health care in South Africa, is facing major issues relating to patient care, such as delays in patients receiving medical care. According to the national Department of Health, the improvement of public healthcare facilities is crucial (McIntyre & Ataguba, 2017). Information and communication technology (ICT) has the ability to significantly alter the status of healthcare services in the Western Cape, which can be achieved through the role of an electronic healthcare record (EHR).

The aim of the thesis is to find out whose interests are promoted by the European Parliament Committee rapporteurs in a legislative process. The thesis tries to show on the case study of approving the Passenger Name Record (PNR) directive if the rapporteurs of the directive who influence the most the negotiations are influenced by their national party, the national government, the EP political group or by their own ideological interests. It was supposed that a very political topic as the directive PNR undoubtedly is, would be influenced the most by the national governments which alongside France tried to react on the terrorist attack in Paris in 2015 by adopting the directive and improving the security situation in the Europe. Through the interviews with the representatives of the EP political groups and content analysis of the relevant documents, the thesis concludes that in the concrete case of PNR directive, the interests of the governments are not the most significant but the ideological interests of the rapporteurs are. They are either in line with the interest of the EU citizens' better security situation or better protection of their personal data. The rapporteurs voted according to ability to push their interests to the directive proposal.

付記する学位プログラム名: デザイン学大学院連携プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第22804号 / 情博第734号 / 新制||情||125(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 黒田 知宏, 教授 吉川 正俊, 教授 緒方 広明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

The subject of the thesis titled „Accounting and tax aspects of the mergers of businesses“ is an analysis of accounting and tax impacts on the merger of businesses. The initial part of the thesis defines the theoretical background connected with the Merger Project and the whole process of merging two businesses. The seconf part of the thesis is based on the practical implementation of the merger of specific businesses, which was realized in the course of 2018. In the final part, a comprehensive assessment is made and the necessary measures are proposed.