<p>Which factors best explain the regional variation in sick-listing and early retirement? Data from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency is fitted against variables describing different regional characteristics that have been linked to sickness insurance consumption in the literature. Results, in line with earlier empirical investigation, suggest that particularly the employment rate, the populations‟ age, and its wealth are strong determinants of regional insurance usage. Two further factors, though less discussed in the literature, appear to have some relevance as well: A high share of large workplaces is found to predict higher rates of early retirement, while a large share of foreign-born predict lower sick-listing rates. Both effects have been found before, though the first one perhaps not in Swedish cross section analysis and the latter does not appear to be well understood in the literature. A tentative explanation for it is given here.</p>

Atravessando diferentes escalas, o diagnóstico do ambiente construído considera a floresta urbana como espaço humano de natureza integrada, enfrentando a necessidade de equacionar a capacidade reprodutora de água diante da ocupação e da expansão urbana. O presente trabalho apresenta um método desenvolvido e aplicado para avaliar as diferentes dimensões do espaço urbano, notadamente, aquelas relacionadas à interface cidade-hidroesfera de municípios e de regiões, que necessitam do gerenciamento das unidades hidrográficas. Consiste em um modelo conceitual de uma abordagem multidimensional da paisagem construída, contextualizando os principais componentes do espacial/urbano, visando a configuração adequada de zonas ecológico-econômicas. Avaliaram-se inicialmente as técnicas desenvolvidas por outros autores para a construção de um novo método. A partir das observações diretas e indiretas, dados e informações foram organizados em um banco de dados que viabilizou a leitura cruzada, pela técnica de sobreposição de mapas e imagens de satélite (LANDSAT 7ETM+), processadas para Sistema de Informação Geográfica SIG com o uso do ENVI 4.1 (Environment for Visualizing Images) acompanhado com IDL (Interactive Data Language). Do cruzamento da dimensão horizontal com a vertical, propõem-se sete passos metodológicos: identificar, conhecer, compreender, ordenar, analisar, aplicar e avaliar para a abordagem da dinâmica estrutural combinada a compatibilidade ambiental. Adotou-se a modelagem para a análise multi-espacial da cobertura da terra, analisando os componentes do espaço/território na região do Vale do Ribeira de Iguape e no município de Registro-SP. Nas diferentes escalas observadas, os resultados mostram vários Planos de Informações (Pis) de fronteiras topológicas que traduziram os padrões e processos, interligados em diferentes campos da ecologia da paisagem urbana, unindo a geografia humana, a economia do espacial hídrico e o planejamento adequado. Oito planos de informação estão correlacionados na relação população-recursos da unidade municipal conceituada como florestas coletivas, considerando a gestão urbana para as quais os recursos renováveis estão endereçados ao uso sustentável. A compreensão global da paisagem integrou imagem, formato, função, estrutura e ordem urbanas nas quais vetores socioambientais interagem, revelando três características básicas: a imagem da cidade como recurso coletivo, a dinâmica da expansão urbana e as zonas ecológico-econômicas para o desenvolvimento adequado. Ampliou-se a base teórica entre estruturas do espaço/território e a compreensão de conceitos urbanos num planejamento territorial. Recomenda-se o conhecimento multidimensional e o desenvolvimento metodológico para a ordenação do espaço urbano. / Across different scale, research has focused on the diagnosis of built environment, considered as the urban forest treated as integrated natural human space. However, susceptive to occupation and urban expansion, urban forests are generally in need of adequate management for water catchments areas capacity that is expected to provide the increasing population. A new method has been developed and applied to evaluate different dimensions of the urban space. Notable, those interrelated to the interface of the city-hydrosphere of the municipal and the regional areas where adequate management for hydrographic units is required. Initially existing technique of several author were investigated in order to construct a new method. A multi-dimensional approach towards built environment has been developed and applied for the configuration of ecologic-economic zone by the principal components of the spatial/urban. Through direct and indirect observation, data and information collected were organized as data bank of shapefiles, which was utilized in cross analysis and in the overlaying of maps and satellite images (LANDSAT ETM+). With the aid of computer system and softwares, using ENVI 4.1 (Environment for Visualizing Images) with IDL (Interactive Data Language), satellite images were processed in GIS (Geographic Information System) ambient. By linking vertical and horizontal assessments seven methodological steps proposed were determined to identify, perceive, understand, organize, analyze, apply and evaluate the structural urban components under compatible environment investigations. A dynamic model adopted has treated the multi-spatial view of Land Cover, through spatial/territorial modeling, considering the region of Vale do Ribeira and the municipal area of Registro (SP). In all scales, results has revealed both information layer based on the topological translation of urban social/natural pattern and process interconnected with subjects of urban landscape ecology; linking human geography, water environment ecology and adequate planning. Eight elements in different layers of information were correlated on the subject of population-resources of the municipal area, which was considered as collective forest. Territorial management was addressed for sustainable urban use and settings on which a global comprehension of pattern, image, function, structure and order of the special/urban has been integrated. By introducing social environmental vectors, three basic results were archived: the city image as collective resources, the dynamic expansion model and the configuration of ecologic- economic zones. The notional basis of urban space has been amplified for a comprehensive regional planning. A multi-dimensional approach has been recommended for urban landscape ecology towards environment improvement and physical space configuration.

From the Proceedings of the 1977 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 15-16, 1977, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper describes a water supply data base being developed for the Colorado River Basin States by the University of Arizona under contract with the Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. This data base is a guide to existing natural, technical, economic, and legal water data and water data agencies in the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming.

From the Proceedings of the 1978 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 14-15, 1978, Flagstaff, Arizona / The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's two-year 208 area-wide Water Quality Management Study for Pima County, Arizona, is discussed in terms of the specific problems of municipal wastewater effluent, industrial wastewater, urban stormwater runoff, land disposal of residual wastes, septic systems, and construction activities related to the City of Tucson urban area. The primary groundwater and the slow cycling of the hydrologic system in this arid urban environment reduce many water pollution problems to insignificant levels in the short term, (2) there does exist significant long-term pollution problems in the area. These problems include urban stormwater runoff and landfill leachate, and are related to the pollution of groundwater recharge and aquifer water supplies, and (3) there is a strong need for total water resource planning in arid urban areas which includes planning for wastewater reuse, water harvesting, and proper management of groundwater recharge systems.