This thesis deals with a medieval material from Rounala in Karesuando parish, Norrbotten county, Lapland. The aim is to reconstruct the diet and mobility patterns. It is through carbon, nitrogen and sulphur stable isotopes and radiocarbon that both pastoralist traits and whether which part Christianity played in the burial traditions of these human remains is being studied. Another aim is to discuss the repatriation issue as these remains are subjected to. The results mainly show that all individuals had a mixed diet and no pastoral way of living has been established. Furthermore, individual 3 is suffering from pathological changes. With radiocarbon dates ranging from 1300 to 1720 AD, two groups can be distinguished as to whom had been buried before and after the construction of the church. And repatriation is being discussed as an issue to who have ownership over ancient remains.

Vad handlar regeringsuppdrag Frivillig återvandring om? Detta var frågan vi ställde oss under uppsatsens gång. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer var förhoppningen att förstå regeringsuppdraget och dess syfte i det svenska samhället. Genom begrepp så som segregation, stigmatisering, rationalitet, solidaritet och genom de relationella och punktuella perspektiven har vi fått en förståelse inför invandrarens problematik till anpassning i det svenska samhället då denne kan uppleva problematik då invandraren har svårt att få det stöd denne behöver till att ta ett beslut i frågor om att stanna eller återvandra. Vi har även valt att behandla Foucaults begrepp om den disciplinerande makten då staten och samhället försvårar beslutet invandraren står inför. På detta sätt påvisades det att invandraren med återvandringsfunderingar lever i en komplext situation då dels samhället försvårar och att dennes tankar inte är legitima, och att regeringsuppdraget finns till som ett stöd inför detta beslutstagandet oavsett vad beslutet sedan blir, att stanna eller återvända. / What is the government mandate Voluntary repatriation about? That was the question we asked ourselves during the report's time. Using a qualitative approach in the form of semi-structured interviews was the hope to understand the Government mission and its purpose in Swedish society. Through concepts such as segregation, stigmatization, rationality, solidarity and the relational and punctuate perspectives we have gained an appreciation for the immigrant's problem of adaptation in Swedish society, in which we can experience problems when immigrants have difficulty getting the support he needs to take a decision on issues that remain or repatriate. We have also chosen to deal with Foucault's concept of the disciplining power of the State and society complicates the decision immigrant faces. In this way, it was shown that the immigrant repatriation concerns with living in a complex situation where both societies makes it difficult and that his thoughts are not legitimate, and that the government mandate is added as a pre-taking that decision regardless of what decision then becomes, to stay or return.

<p>The main aim of this study was to explore lived experiences of unaccompanied foreign minors in South Africa from a social work perspective. An important goal was to also explore the lack of guidelines on how to assist these young people. This study was conducted in a Children&rsquo / s Shelter, which is situated in the North-Eastern outskirts of Polokwane, where a group of unaccompanied refugee children from Zimbabwe were living. This study was qualitative and explorative in nature. Non-probability sampling was used to select participants for the study. Ten children were selected, ranging from age 14 to 18 years. Semi-structured interviews with the children and a focus group discussion with five care workers were held. Thematic analysis was used. The findings of this study revealed that services by government social workers are limited compared to those from social workers employed with nongovernmental organisations. It is hoped that this study will assist government and other role players in planning, advocacy and policy development related to the issues affecting unaccompanied refugee children.</p>

In 1921, the Canadian government confiscated over 400 pieces of Kwakwaka’wakw potlatch regalia and placed it in three large museums. In 1967 the Kwakwaka'wakw initiated a long process of repatriation resulting in the majority of the collection returning to two Kwakwaka’wakw cultural centres over the last four decades. Through the theoretical framework of object biography and using the museum register as a tool to reconstruct the lives of the potlatch regalia, this thesis explores the multiple paths, diversions and oscillations between objecthood and subjecthood that the collection has undergone. This thesis constructs an exhibition history for the regalia, examines processes of institutional forgetting, and adds multiple layers of meaning to the collection's biography by attending to the post-repatriation life of the objects. By revisiting this pivotal Canadian case, diversions are emphasized as important moments in the creation of subjecthood and objecthood for museum objects.

In 1921, the Canadian government confiscated over 400 pieces of Kwakwaka’wakw potlatch regalia and placed it in three large museums. In 1967 the Kwakwaka'wakw initiated a long process of repatriation resulting in the majority of the collection returning to two Kwakwaka’wakw cultural centres over the last four decades. Through the theoretical framework of object biography and using the museum register as a tool to reconstruct the lives of the potlatch regalia, this thesis explores the multiple paths, diversions and oscillations between objecthood and subjecthood that the collection has undergone. This thesis constructs an exhibition history for the regalia, examines processes of institutional forgetting, and adds multiple layers of meaning to the collection's biography by attending to the post-repatriation life of the objects. By revisiting this pivotal Canadian case, diversions are emphasized as important moments in the creation of subjecthood and objecthood for museum objects.

abstract: Power relations among cultural, socio-economic, and political groups have been dynamic forces shaping American history. Within that changing world, relations between indigenous and non-indigenous groups have been complicated by a fundamental difference often ascribed to Western philosophy versus Native American spiritual traditions. In 1990, Congress codified that difference when it passed the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) stipulating that Indian tribes and Native Hawaiians are unique among United States cultural groups. At the same time, NAGPRA began breaking down the Western vs. indigenous paradigm. The legislative process of NAGPRA strongly encouraged cooperation among indigenous peoples and the non-indigenous peoples who had collected their bones and belongings under earlier policies. NAGPRA required museums and other agencies accepting federal monies to inventory any collections of Native American items with the intent of giving control to tribes over the disposition of culturally affiliated human remains and certain classes of objects. In the rearranging power relations NAGPRA instigated, people maneuvered for power over the "truth," over whose memory, meaning, and spiritual worldview held authenticity. This dissertation considers cases that pushed or broke the limits of cooperation fostered by NAGPRA. Ignoring the bones and related funerary objects, Tangled Truths analyzes repatriation disputes over cultural artifacts to illuminate changing power relations among cultural groups in the United States. The repatriation negotiations in which people would not compromise were cases in which there existed strong differences in spiritual worldviews, cultural memories, or material interests. Congress could encourage cooperation, but it could not legislate acceptance of others' spiritual worldviews, nor could it persuade people to relinquish engrained cultural memories. And without solid enforcement, the NAGPRA process could be outmaneuvered by those intent on pursuing their own material interests. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. History 2011

Em decorrência de pesquisas arqueológicas realizadas no âmbito do licenciamento da AHE Dardanelos no município de Aripuanã no noroeste do estado do Mato Grosso, as etnias Cinta Larga e Arara do Rio Branco reconheceram nos vestígios arqueológicos identificados, parte significativa de suas culturas e das suas representatividades históricas, artísticas e políticas. Consequência deste processo foi a solicitação pelo Iphan de estudo etnoarqueológico e etno-histórico, nas áreas de ocupação das duas etnias, complementar ao estudo de arqueologia, conjugamdo as instâncias da legislação relativa à proteção do patrimônio arqueológico e as demandas dos coletivos (comunidades indígenas), diretamente afetados pelo empreendimento. O estudo pretende contribuir para viabilizar o pedido de repatriação dos vestígios arqueológicos, através da concepção de um Centro de Memória a ser criado no município de Aripuanã. Inserido neste contexto o estudo apresenta questões que vem se desenvolvendo nas ciências sociais e humanas, sobre concepções de herança, patrimônio e patrimonialização de bens culturais e suas ressignificações e agência, bem como políticas de gestão do patrimônio arqueológico e musealização da arqueologia. Revisa-se o papel das pesquisas desenvolvidas no âmbito dos licenciamentos ambientais e em contextos de comunidades indígenas e tradicionais com histórico de conflitos e que, atualmente, envolvem as questões patrimoniais em suas agendas. / In face of archaeological researches carried out as part of the licencing process of Dardanelos hydroelectric dam, located in the municipality of Aripuanã, northwest of the state of Mato Grosso, the ethnic groups of Cinta Larga and Arara from Rio Branco have recognized, among the identified archaeological remains, a significant part of their cultures and historical, art and political representativeness. A consequence of this process was the claim for an ethnoarchaelogical study by National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN, at these groups dwelling area, complementary to the archaeological study, bringing together the legal instances that rules archaeological heritage preservation and indigenous communities\' claims, directly affected by the enterprise. This research aims to support the claim of repatriation of archaeological remains, by conceptualizing a Memorial Centre to be created in Aripuanã. Within this context, the study presents issues currently under debate in social and human sciences on concepts of heritage, patrimony and patrimonialization of cultural assets and their resignification and agency, as well as management policies of archaeological heritage and archaeology musealisation. It is presented a review on the role of researches carried out as part of environmental licences and addressing indigenous and traditional communities with a history of conflicts and that, currently, had encompassed heritage issues on their agendas.

Le retour d’expatriation dans une perspective du marché du travail externe est un sujet sous-exploré. Nous empruntons la Théorie de la Pratique de Pierre Bourdieu afin de comparer le retour d’expatriation d’agents de carrière français et allemands sur le marché du travail externe de leur champ de carrière d’origine. Notre analyse démontre que le capital de carrière, ainsi que le habitus des agents de carrière Français et Allemands, se développent pendant l’expatriation. Ceci a alors un impact important sur la réintégration dans leur champ de carrière d’origine. Notre portefeuille d’éléments bourdieusiens critiques, ainsi que nos deux modèles de variables pour le retour en France et en Allemagne démontrent certaines similarités mais surtout de nombreuses différences concernant le retour sur le champ de carrière allemand et français. Si ces faits témoignent de l’existence de frontières nationales du champ de carrière, nos résultats montrent également que, dans un contexte de mobilité internationale, les règles du jeu changent comparé à un contexte de carrière purement national. Ceci remet alors en question la pertinence des modèles de carrière nationaux pour expliquer le retour d’expatriation dans un contexte franco-allemand. Notre recherche contribue à enrichir la littérature académique en clarifiant, dans un premier temps, les règles du jeu dans un contexte de retour d’expatriation franco-allemand. Elle démontre également que les champs de carrière bourdieusiens ne sont que partiellement autonomes et doivent être considérés en interaction avec les champs économiques et éducatifs afin d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension entière des mécanismes du retour. / Repatriation from an external labor market perspective is a largely under-researched topic. Applying Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and reconciling the culturalist and institutionalist approach in comparative research, this thesis compares the repatriation of German and French career agents into the external labor markets of their parent country career fields. We found that the German and French career agents’ career capital and habitus develops during expatriation, which has an important impact on the re-integration into the parent country career field. Based on our developed critical portfolio of elements for the successful return into the German and French career fields and resulting from our emerged German and French repatriation models, we found that the re-entry conditions into the German and French career fields are in some parts similar, but more strongly differ. While this indicates the existence of national borders of career fields, our results also show that in an international career mobility context, the rules of the game change compared to the rules in a pure national career context, which challenges the pertinence of national career models in understanding repatriation in our Franco-German context. Our research especially contributes to the existing literature by clarifying the rules of the game in a Franco-German repatriation context and by providing empirical evidence for the only partially autonomous nature of Bourdieuian career fields that must be viewed in interaction with the economic and educational field for creating a complete understanding of the return-mechanisms.

Notre thèse s’attache à comprendre comment les salariés trouvent le poste qu’ils occupent au retour d’une expatriation traditionnelle. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de considérer ce poste comme un moment dans une carrière. La littérature en sciences de gestion sur les carrières oppose classiquement deux modèles : le modèle de la carrière organisationnelle et le modèle des nouvelles carrières. Dans la lignée des auteurs qui appellent à dépasser cette opposition, nous analysons l’influence conjointe de l’organisation et de l’expatrié dans la construction de ce moment de carrière. Nous utilisons pour cela la théorie des scripts de carrière de Barley (1989). En nous appuyant sur la réalisation de soixante-cinq entretiens ainsi que sur l’étude de données secondaires, notre thèse montre que les entreprises multinationales encodent quatre scripts organisationnels de carrière des expatriés. Chacun de ces scripts propose une combinaison spécifique de ressources, normes et schèmes interprétatifs qui d’une part renseigne sur l’articulation faite par l’organisation entre l’expatriation et la carrière et d’autre part contraint plus ou moins fortement l’action individuelle. Notre thèse montre aussi que les expatriés peuvent agir sur leur organisation et ce à travers l’enactment de leur script. Au final, notre thèse permet de remettre en cause le mythe d’un Generic Expatriate, d’inscrire le poste trouvé au retour d’expatriation dans la littérature sur les carrières et de montrer comment le comportement des expatriés est influencé par les scripts organisationnels de carrière mais aussi, comment, en retour, les expatriés, par leurs comportements transforment leur organisation. / Our thesis focuses on understanding how employees find their position when they come back from traditional expatriation. In this thesis, we propose to consider this position as a moment in a career. The management science literature regarding careers typically proposes two opposite models: the organizational career and the new careers. In line with authors who seek to overcome this opposition, we analyze the combined influence of the organization and the expatriate in shaping this moment of career. To do that, we use Barley's theory of career scripts (1989). Relying on sixty-five interviews and the study of secondary data, this thesis shows that multinational companies encode four organizational expatriate career scripts. Each of these scripts offers a specific combination of resources, interpretive schemes and norms which, on the one hand, informs about the articulation made by organization between expatriation and career and on the other hand, impacts more or less strongly individual action. Our thesis also shows that expatriates can influence their organization through the enactment of their script. Finally, our thesis questions the myth of the Generic Expatriate, includes the item of the position found after repatriation in the career literature and shows how expatriates' behaviour is influenced by organizational career scripts but also how, in return, expatriates transform their organization through their behaviour.

Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS) / The main aim of this study was to explore lived experiences of unaccompanied foreign minors in South Africa from a social work perspective. An important goal was to also explore the lack of guidelines on how to assist these young people. This study was conducted in a Children's Shelter, which is situated in the North-Eastern outskirts of Polokwane, where a group of unaccompanied refugee children from Zimbabwe were living. This study was qualitative and explorative in nature. Non-probability sampling was used to select participants for the study. Ten children were selected, ranging from age 14 to 18 years. Semi-structured interviews with the children and a focus group discussion with five care workers were held. Thematic analysis was used. The findings of this study revealed that services by government social workers are limited compared to those from social workers employed with nongovernmental organisations. It is hoped that this study will assist government and other role players in planning, advocacy and policy development related to the issues affecting unaccompanied refugee children. / South Africa