Introdução - O aconselhamento é a estratégia escolhida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde para o combate à epidemia de aids por ser um método de ajuda, apoio e prevenção. Objetivo - Analisar as características das interações aconselhador-cliente no processo da revelação do diagnóstico positivo para HIV em dois Centros de Testagem e Aconselhamento em DST e Aids do Município de São Paulo, com base na versão dos clientes e tomando por referência suas repercussões sobre os procedimentos e resultados da atividade. Métodos - Como técnica de coleta para o levantamento de dados, foi utilizada a entrevista em momento posterior ao aconselhamento pós-teste. No total, foram realizadas 20 entrevistas, sendo 14 os sujeitos de pesquisa. Todos os entrevistados eram do sexo masculino. Os critérios escolhidos para inclusão no estudo foram: ter 18 anos ou mais; ter resultado positivo no teste anti-HIV; e ter participado do processo de revelação do diagnóstico de infecção pelo HIV nos serviços pesquisados. Para organizar os dados, a autora utilizou a técnica de análise de conteúdo por entrevista e por tema, construindo categorias analíticas segundo os objetivos do estudo. Os dados foram analisados e interpretados por meio da utilização de conceitos da teoria psicanalítica de D.W.Winnicott. Resultados - Com base nos relatos, considera-se que os profissionais seguem bem o protocolo do aconselhamento, atingindo seus objetivos de: a) lidar com os sentimentos provocados pelo diagnóstico positivo para o HIV; b) dar ao cliente a oportunidade de expressar seu sofrimento e angústia; c) sustentar as dificuldades de compartilhar a notícia com familiares e parceiros; e d) tirar dúvidas sobre prevenção de DST/HIV e sobre a terapia antiretroviral. Os contextos de aconselhamento investigados caracterizaram-se pelas interações de ajuda e suporte para a maioria dos entrevistados, funcionando como realidade compartilhada e dando sustentação para seus sentimentos e preocupações. Entretanto, alguns clientes sentiram falta de espaço para discussão e de mais tempo para abordarem questões pessoais, além daquelas relacionadas à sua nova condição de portadores do HIV. Conclusões - Na versão dos clientes, os aconselhadores os acolhem, informam e apóiam em suas necessidades. A análise revelou os processos psicológicos que operaram no momento do aconselhamento pós-teste entre o sujeito de pesquisa e o aconselhador. A escuta do cliente é a condição primordial para que o ambiente de compartilhamento se instale. O estudo fornece subsídios para melhorar a qualidade deste serviço prestado à população. / Introduction - Counseling is the strategy chosen by the World Health Organization against the aids epidemic since it is a method for help, support and prevention. Objective - To analyze the characteristics of counselor-subject interactions within the process of disclosing the positive diagnosis for HIV in two STD and Aids Counseling and Testing Centers in the city of São Paulo, according to the subjects’ version and based on their repercussions of the activity's procedures and results. Methods - The technique used to gather data was the interview, performed after the counseling moment when test result was communicated. In total, 20 interviews were carried with 14 research subjects. All interviewed were men. The criteria chosen to include a subject in the research were: greater than 18 years of age; positive for HIV; and having received the positive diagnosis for HIV at the researched CTC. In order to organize the data, the author used the technique of analysis of content by interview and by theme, elaborating analytical categories based on the study objectives. The data was interpreted using the concepts of the psychoanalytical theory of D. W. Winnicott. Results - Based on the subjects’ reports, it is considered that professionals follow the protocol for counseling, reaching its objectives, which are: a) dealing with feelings caused by the diagnosis; b) providing the opportunity to the subjects to express their suffering and anxiety; c) surpassing difficulties sharing the diagnosis with their family and partners; and d) clarifying questions about STD/HIV prevention and therapy. In the investigated counseling the interactions were characterized by the support and assistance for most of the subjects, acting as a shared reality and providing support to their feelings and concerns. However, some subjects felt the need for more time to discuss their feelings and personal issues, besides the ones related to their new HIV carrier condition. Conclusions - In the subjects’ version, the counselors welcome them, provide information and support for their needs. The study revealed the psychological processes occurred during the post-test counseling between the subject and the counselor. Listening to the subject is the primary condition to establish a sharing environment. The study provides data to improve the service currently available to the population.

Empty answers are a major problem by processing pattern matching queries in graph databases. Especially, there can be multiple reasons why a query failed. To support users in such situations, differential queries can be used that deliver missing parts of a graph query. Multiple heuristics are proposed for differential queries, which reduce the search space. Although they are successful in increasing the performance, they can discard query subgraphs relevant to a user. To address this issue, the authors extend the concept of differential queries and introduce top-k differential queries that calculate the ranking based on users’ preferences and significantly support the users’ understanding of query database management systems. A user assigns relevance weights to elements of a graph query that steer the search and are used for the ranking. In this paper the authors propose different strategies for selection of relevance weights and their propagation. As a result, the search is modelled along the most relevant paths. The authors evaluate their solution and both strategies on the DBpedia data graph.

Design, electric vehicle, city mobility, batteries, electricity

Selected issues of inheritance proceedings This diploma thesis deals with selected issues of inheritance proceedings which play an important role in inheritance proceedings. These selected issues are the assets and liabilities of the estate, their detection, an importance of the common property of spouses and its settlement as a result of the death of one of the spouses and the role of the international element in the inheritance proceedings. Except for the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is composed of two main chapters which are further divided into individual subchapters. The first chapter deals with the assets and liabilities of the estate and it is divided into three large subchapters. The first subchapter deals in general with the assets and liabilities that create the estate, defines them and focuses on the means from which information is obtained about them and also contains legislation about estate without assets and estate with assets of no or insignificant value. The second subchapter focuses on the process of determining assets and liabilities the result of which is the creation of a list of assets and liabilities of the estate. It also regulates a solution of disputes which arise during the creation of the list and methods of valuing the estate. The third subchapter consists of...

The new regulation on medical devices, EU 2017/745, came into force in May 2021 meaning that all economic operators in the industry need to adhere to new, stricter requirements. As there is yet no common practice on how to implement and comply with the new requirements, many struggles with this.  In this thesis, the implementation of a distributor company operating in the medical device industry, currently in the middle of the implementation, is qualitatively evaluated to identify areas of improvement. This is done by conducting a case study where the company's implementation approach is mapped and evaluated with regard to good practice, and implemented organizational changes due to the regulation are identified and benchmarked against similar companies. Their interpretation and implementation appear to be rather strict and ambitious based on the overviewing benchmark with similar distributors. Their implementation moreover largely followed good practice, but several areas of improvement could nevertheless be identified.  Additionally, this thesis aimed to explore how the result of the final implementation of EU 2017/745 can be assessed. A literature review was conducted where general parameters to assess regulatory implementation were identified, followed by a literature review where it was investigated how these parameters can be adapted to assess the result of the implementation of EU 2017/745. Several parameters of interest to assess the result were identified together with examples of indicators that can be used. More research is however needed to be able to establish a complete, adequate method to assess the final implementation result. / Den nya förordningen för medicintekniska produkter, EU 2017/745, trädde i full kraft i maj 2021. Det betyder att alla ekonomiska aktörer verksamma i den medicintekniska industrin måste anpassa sig till nya, hårdare krav. Många upplever dock svårigheter eftersom det ännu inte finns någon praxis för hur kraven ska implementeras och efterlevas. I den här uppsatsen genomförs en kvalitativ utvärdering av implementeringen hos en medicinteknisk distributör som befinner sig mitt i implementeringsarbetet, för att identifiera förbättringsmöjligheter. Detta görs genom en case study, där företagets implementering kartläggs och utvärderas i relation till good practice. Vidare identifieras organisatoriska förändringar som genomförts som en följd av förordningen, och benchmarkas mot andra, liknande företag. Utvärderingen visade att företagets tolkning och implementeringen av kraven stod sig väl i relation till det övergripande benchmark som tillhandahölls. Vidare följde implementeringen i stora drag good practice, men ett antal förbättringsmöjligheter kunde ändå identifieras.  Vidare syftar uppsatsen till att utforska hur resultatet av implementeringen av EU 2017/745 kan bedömas när implementeringen är färdig. En literaturstudie på allmän regulatorisk utvärdering samt organisatorisk förändringsutvärdering genomfördes, där områden relevanta för att utvärdera regulatorisk implementering identifierades. Detta följdes av en vidare literaturstudie för att undersöka hur dessa områden kan anpassas för bedöma resultatet av EU 2017/745. Ett antal intressanta områden tillsammans med exempel på indikatorer som kan användas för en sådan bedömning identifierades. Vidare arbete behövs dock för att fastställa en heltäckande, ändamålsenlig metod för att bedöma implementeringsresultatet.

Bakgrund: Sex timmars arbetsdag har under senare år skapat stor debatt och fler och fler arbetsgivare väljer att testa arbetstidsförkortningen. Till skillnad från tidigare studier i ämnet, som till stor del syftat till att behandla effekter gällande hälsa och välbefinnande, väljer den aktuella studien att fokusera på införandet av sex timmars arbetsdag. En arbetstidsförkortning ställer krav på ökad effektivitet för att en organisation ska kunna behålla sin lönsamhet, varför åtgärder gällande styrning är relevant vid införandet. Tidigare forskning visar att det har blivit allt vanligare att medarbetare ägnar tid åt icke arbetsrelaterade aktiviteter under arbetstid, vilket är relevant att undersöka i samband med en arbetstidsförkortning. Föreliggande studie undersöker hur två privata företag och två offentliga verksamheter arbetar med styrning för att skapa förutsättningar för en lyckad arbetstidsförkortning. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att ge ökad förståelse för hur organisationer arbetar med styrning för att uppnå ökad effektivitet vid införande av sex timmars arbetsdag. Vidare kommer studien att undersöka om det inom organisationerna funnits något tomt arbete som i samband med införandet kunnat minskas. Metod: För att uppfylla studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod antagits. Undersökningen är en jämförande studie där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med chefer och medarbetare på fyra organisationer.  Slutsatser: Föreliggande studie visar att cheferna inte upplever någon förändring gällande sitt sätt att styra vid införandet av sex timmars arbetsdag och stort ansvar för förändringar i arbetssätt har förlagts på medarbetarna. Vidare konstaterar studien att ett införande av sex timmars arbetsdag betraktas som en belöning och leder till ökad motivation hos medarbetarna. Slutligen har studien kunnat identifiera tomt arbete inom de undersökta organisationerna som till viss del har kunnat minskas i samband med införandet av sex timmars arbetsdag. / Background: The Six-hour work day has created major debates in recent years, and an increasing number of employers choose to try reduced working hours. Unlike previous studies of the subject, which generally addresses health and welfare effects, the current study chooses to focus on the introduction of a six-hour work day. A work hour reduction requires increased efficiency for an organization to maintain its profitability. Therefore, management control is necessary at the time of implementation of the six-hour work day. Previous research shows that it has become increasingly common for employees to spend time on non-work-related activities during working hours. For that reason, itis relevant to investigate these activities in correlation with a reduction in working hours. The present study examines how two private companies and two public entities work with management control systems to create the conditions for a successful work hour reduction. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to provide a greater understanding of how organizations work with management control systems to achieve increased efficiency when introducing a six-hour work day. Furthermore, the study will investigate whether there was any empty labor within the organizations that could be reduced in connection with introducing the six-hour work day. Method: A qualitative method has been adopted, in order to fulfill the purpose of the study. The survey is a comparative study in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers and employees of four organizations. Conclusions: The present study shows that the managers do not experience any changes regarding their way of controlling the employees in connection with introducing the six-hour work day. Instead, the employees have taken big responsibility for making changes in working methods to increase their efficiency. Furthermore, the study finds that a six-hour work day is considered a reward and leads to increased motivation among employees. Finally, the study has been able to identify empty labor within the investigated organizations which, in part, could have been reduced in connection with introducing the six-hour work day.

A comprehensive knowledge about the infiltration situation in a sewer system is required for sustainable operation and cost-effective maintenance. Due to the high expenditures of infiltration measurements an optimisation of necessary measurement campaigns and a reliable transfer of measurement results to comparable areas are essential. Suitable methods were developed to improve the information yield of measurements by identifying appropriate measuring point locations and to assign measurement results to other potential measuring points by comparing sub-catchments and classifying reaches. The methods are based on the introduced similarity approach “Similar sewer conditions lead to similar infiltration/inflow rates” and on modified multivariate statistical techniques. The developed methods have a high degree of freedom against data needs. They were successfully tested on real and generated data. For suitable catchments it is estimated, that the optimisation potential amounts up to 40 % accuracy improvement compared to non-optimised measuring point configurations. With an acceptable error the transfer of measurement results was successful for up to 75 % of the investigated sub-catchments. With the proposed methods it is possible to improve the information about the infiltration status of sewer systems and to reduce the measurement related uncertainty which results in significant cost savings for the operator. / Für den nachhaltigen Betrieb und die kosteneffiziente Unterhaltung von Kanalnetzen ist eine genaue Bestimmung ihrer Fremdwassersituation notwendig. Eine Optimierung der dazu erforderlichen Messkampagnen und eine zuverlässige Übertragung der Messergebnisse auf vergleichbare Gebiete sind aufgrund der hohen Aufwendungen für Infiltrationsmessungen angezeigt. Dafür wurden geeignete Methoden entwickelt, welche einerseits den Informationsgehalt von Messungen durch die Bestimmung optimaler Messpunkte verbessern und andererseits Messresultate mittels Vergleichen von Teileinzugsgebieten und Klassifizierungen von Kanalhaltungen zu anderen potenziellen Messstellen zuordnen. Die Methoden basieren auf dem Ähnlichkeitsansatz “Ähnliche Kanaleigenschaften führen zu ähnlichen Fremdwasserraten” und nutzen modifizierte multivariate statistische Verfahren. Sie haben einen hohen Freiheitsgrad bezüglich der Datenanforderung. Die Methoden wurden erfolgreich anhand gemessener und generierter Daten validiert. Es wird eingeschätzt, dass das Optimierungspotenzial bei geeigneten Einzugsgebieten bis zu 40 % gegenüber nicht optimierten Mess-netzen beträgt. Die Übertragung der Messergebnisse war mit einem akzeptablen Fehler für bis zu 75 % der untersuchten Teileinzugsgebiete erfolgreich. Mit den entwickelten Methoden ist es möglich, den Kenntnisstand über die Fremdwassersituation eines Kanalnetzes zu verbessern und die messungsbezogene Unsicherheit zu verringern. Dies resultiert in Kostenersparnissen für den Betreiber.

The paper presents a program of initial training of athletes in fitness aerobics, taking into account the peculiarities of organizing work with children in the club at the place of residence. A development of a practical section of the program takes particular attention. This section includes the most important program components necessary for the formation of a basic level of training and reflecting the specifics of the sport. The developed initial training program was tested and showed an increase in sports performance of team members. In addition, trainers in training athletes can use it at the initial stage of training in institutions of additional education. / В работе представлена программа начальной подготовки спортсменов в фитнес-аэробике, учитывающая особенности организации работы с детьми в клубе по месту жительства. Особое внимание уделено разработке практического раздела программы. В данный раздел включены наиболее важные компоненты программы, необходимые для формирования базового уровня подготовки и отражающие специфику вида спорта. Разработанная программа начальной подготовки апробирована и показала рост спортивных показателей членов команды. И может использоваться тренерами при подготовке спортсменов на начальном этапе подготовки в учреждениях дополнительного образования.

Financial performance measurement plays an important role in leading decision-makers through strategic innovation, such as business model innovation. To convey relevant information, it is important that the practices used to measure financial performance are appropriate to what is being measured. This thesis focuses on the financial performance measurement supporting the transition towards circular business models (CBMs), which has been under-researched. More specifically, this thesis aims to identify the key practices that enable the financial performance measurement of CBMs and support the transition from linear business models to CBMs. Additionally, it seeks to contribute with insights about the financial outcomes of CBMs in the context of sustainable-oriented technologies. This thesis consists of a compilation of three papers, a systematic literature review and two empirical studies. The outset of this thesis lies in the systematic literature review, which examines the financial aspects addressed in CBM literature and in relation to the transition towards CBMs. The empirical studies examine the financial performance measurement practices that support the transition towards two different types of CBMs, namely result- oriented CBMs and sufficiency-driven CBMs. Both studies are based on an action case study, which involved collaborative development of financial performance measurement tools with practitioners from the manufacturing industry. The results of this thesis emphasize the customer-centric aspect of financial performance measurement of CBM. The key practices identified by this thesis suggest considering costs involved in customer-value creation when measuring performance. The findings also highlight the importance of taking the offering perspective for defining the cost structure and engaging with customers early in the transition to reduce uncertainty about future cash flows and hidden costs. Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is proposed as a measurement technique. However, the results suggest adapting the LCC perspective, by addressing providers’ or users’ cost, to satisfy the different needs of decision makers. To cover the long-term returns of the CBM offering, multiple use cycles of the offering and of its underlying assets should be considered in the LCC. In terms of cost management, the findings of this thesis suggest an outside-in approach to reduce costs while enhancing customer value creation and re-creation. Finally, this thesis underscore the necessity of employing the recommended practices from various evaluation perspectives to bolster the iterative transition process toward CBMs. Regarding the financial outcomes of CBMs, this thesis shows that the transition towards CBMs in the context of sustainability-oriented technologies holds promising financial advantages for both providers and customers. Technological innovation and retained product ownership contribute to improving the financial performance of CBMs. / Finansiell prestationsmätning spelar en viktig roll när det kommer till att vägleda beslutsfattare genom strategiska innovationer. Avhandlingen syftar till att identifiera de viktigaste praktiker som möjliggör finansiell prestationsmätning av cirkulära affärsmodeller och som stödjer övergången från linjära affärsmodeller till cirkulära affärsmodeller. Dessutom strävar avhandlingen efter att bidra med insikter om lönsamhet för företag som introducerar cirkulära affärsmodeller i samband med införandet av hållbara teknologier. Denna avhandling består av tre artiklar och en kappa. Artiklarna utgörs av en systematisk litteraturöversikt samt två empiriska studier. Avhandlingens utgångspunkt är den systematisk litteraturöversikten, som granskar de ekonomiska aspekter som behandlas i litteraturen om cirkulära affärsmodeller samt i relation till övergången från linjära till cirkulära affärsmodeller. De empiriska artiklarna undersöker de praktiker för finansiell prestationsmätning som stödjer övergången till två olika typer av cirkulära affärsmodeller. Dessa är resultatorienterade cirkulära affärsmodeller och suffiency-driven cirkulära affärsmodeller. Båda studierna bygger på aktionsbaserade fallstudier som involverar samarbete med stora tillverkningsföretag. Avhandlingens resultat framhäver ett kundcentrerat perspektiv vid finansiell prestationsmätning av cirkulära affärsmodeller. En av de viktigaste praktikerna för prestationsmätning som identifierats betonar vikten av att hänsyn tas till kostnader som är involverade i att skapa kundvärde. Resultaten understryker också vikten av att överväga hela erbjudandet som perspektiv när kostnadsstrukturen definieras. Beräkning av livscykelkostnaden (LCC) föreslås som mätmetod. Resultaten visar dock på vikten av att LCC anpassas genom att ta hänsyn både till leverantörers och användares kostnadsstrukturer för att tillgodose beslutsfattares olika behov. För att möjliggöra en långsiktig lönsamhet i en cirkulär affärsmodell bör flera användningscykler för den ingående tillgången ingå i erbjudandet till kund redan vid affärsmodellens designstadium. Cirkulära erbjudanden kan medföra både ökade och reducerade kostnader samt kassaflödesförändringar på systemnivå. Dessa förändringar föreslås att inkluderas i mätningen av cirkulära affärsmodellers finansiella prestation. Vidare framhåller resultaten behovet av att använda föreslagna praktiker utifrån olika utvärderingsperspektiv för att stödja en övergångsprocess mot cirkulära affärsmodeller. Slutligen, när det gäller lönsamheten för cirkulära affärsmodeller indikerar avhandlingens resultat att övergången från linjära till cirkulära affärsmodeller medför potentiella ekonomiska fördelar för både leverantörer och kunder. Teknologisk innovation samt behållande av produktägande i en cirkulär affärsmodell kan bidra till att förbättra en industriell tillverkares ekonomiska prestation. / <p>Funding agencies: MISTRA REES, VINNOVA, Division of Business Administration at Linköping University</p>

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