EU-citizens who are coming to Sweden to beg is a current topic. The purpose of the study was to investigate the actions offered by the municipality and non-profit organizations to help these people. A qualitative approach was chosen and altogether five interviews were carried out, three with municipal representatives and two with different non-profit organizations. The result showed that there is a number of different actions and many of these are based on collaboration with the two parties. All informants were of the opinion that the implementation worked well but that there were clear limitations. The limitations included lack of knowledge about the current group and language difficulties. The results also showed that the most common merits was that the vulnerable EU-citizens were treated as people and that they got food and a roof over their heads. The results were analysed by previous research, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Antonovsky’s sense of coherence. One of the study’s conclusions was that further knowledge about vulnerable EU-citizens who begs is necessary.

After Harberger published his influential paper in 1962, many authors have assessed empirically whether the incidence of the corporate income tax (CIT) falls on capital owners, consumers, or workers (Krzyzaniak and Musgrave, 1963; Gordon, 1967; Arulampalam et al., 2008). Today, there is little agreement among economists about who bears the incidence of the CIT (Gruber, 2007; Harberger, 2008a,b). The reason for the little convincing evidence is that the econometric models used in the literature ignore that the factors that motivate changes in corporate tax policy are sometimes correlated with other developments in the economy and disentangling those effects from exogenous policy changes requires tremendous effort. Using annual information at the industry level for the United States, I propose to investigate the consequences of exogenous changes in corporate tax policy. The identification of these exogenous events follows the work of Romer and Romer (2009, 2010), who provide an extensive analysis of the U.S. federal tax legislation using narrative records from presidential speeches and congressional reports, among other documentations. The results validate the original predictions from Harberger (1995, 2008a). That is, in the short-term, capital owners bear the full burden of the tax. Over time, however, capital owners are able to shift this burden either by raising consumers' goods prices, or decreasing workers' wages. The magnitude of these e ects depends on the degree of capital intensity as well as the access to international markets and the availability of substitutes for the industry under consideration.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

In Sweden there is an integration policy and a policy for national minorities. The integration policy aims to integrate newly arrived immigrants (nyanlända invandrare), whereas the minority policy aims to maintain and strengthen the rights of the national minorities. The national minorities are though, at times, included into the integration policy, even though they hold a minority status in Sweden. This paper aims to, through discourse analysis, investigate the research question: “how is the content of integration referred to, when it is related to immigrants, contra when it is related to national minorities”. The integration policy is often implemented by social workers. The discourse about integration policy on a macro level therefore directly impacts the social integration work on a micro level. The study is therefore important to social work, as a discipline. A comparative analyses shows whether there are similarities and differences in the construction of the content of the integration term, depending on the group that is addressed. The study shows that the Romani minority is highly described in the integration discourse, though they are a national minority. The results also show that the discourses around newly arrived immigrants rather construct an assimilation discourse, than an integration discourse. In relation to both groups, the term integration constructs and reproduces ethnical stereotypes and cultural and behavioral differences between the groups and the majority society. The term also constructs the integration to the labour market as the major key to overall integration.

Romanies have long lived outside the fabric of society and have long been exposed to discrimination in Sweden as well as the rest of Europe. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the experiences of young Finnish romanies in their everyday lives as well as their perceptions of living as a minority group in Stockholm today. Previous scientific researchers have often concentrated their studies on the romanies as a group, so we, the authors have chosen to concentrate our research on the individual’s own experiences. We, the authors have chosen to use a qualitative approach, to give us the opportunity through using open ended interview techniques to comprehend and interpret the individuals own accounts. In this study we separately interviewed four men and four women, between the ages of eighteen and twenty two years old. The theoretical starting point comes from Lundströms (2007) problematizationof national identity, Beckers (2006) theory of deviation and Goffman (2011) theory of social stigma, where the focus lies on identity, deviation and group membership. The empirical data were analyzed by the theoretical approach and with earlier research including Rodell Olgac (2006). The authors have found through their studies that young Finnish romanies live under negative discrimination, which affects their everyday lives in several different ways. They feel segregated from mainstream society, which leads to difficulty at school and in their creation of self-identity. The study also showed that the Finnish romanies interviewed thought that wearing their traditional costumes was a contributing factor in suffering discrimination.

Sammanfattning Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka den svenska statens syn på romer ur ett utbildningsperspektiv i fem statliga utredningar som gjorts de senaste åren (2007-2012). Dessa har studerats genom att identifiera problematiken samt undersöka hur de dolda maktstrukturerna ser ut i problemformuleringarna och åtgärdsförslagen. Därtill hur språkbruket ser ut i dessa och om det går att skönja någon vi och dem-uppdelning. Granskningen av materialet samt analysen har gjorts utifrån ett kritiskt diskursanalytiskt perspektiv genom en  innehållsanalys av ett kodschema samt Teun A. van Dijks strukturindelingar av text. Resultatet visar hur dolda maktstrukturer åskådliggörs på så vis att det är utredarna och därigenom staten som såväl innehar agendasättningsmakten som problemformuleringsprivilegiet samt uppgiften att åtgärda problemen. Skulden för de problem som identifieras läggs framförallt på romerna. Språkbruket uppvisar exempel på formuleringar som är negativt värderande, raljerande och som förstärker negativa egenskaper. Synen på romer visar en dubbel bild där det å ena sidan handlar om en vilja och ambition att åtgärda de problem som identifieras men som å andra sidan gensomsyras av en diskriminerande hållning, kategoriserande tendenser och en vi och dem-uppdelning

There are shortcomings when it comes to recent studies by a Roma perspective on Roma culture and traditions. The purpose of this paper is to understand how the Roma present themselves in eight articles with an emphasis on culture, language and identity. The questions are as follows: First, how the Roma articles manufactures the Roma culture and what do these articles say about culture, identity and language from a Roma perspective? Second, how can the Roma preserve and develop their culture and be a part of Swedish society in accordance with Articles? Some of the findings are that the Roma language, Roma clothing and Roma music is part of the Roma culture. Similarly, social codes and traditions such as International Roma Day, which is a Romani celebration. Family dinners and celebrations such as weddings, funerals and other occasions is something that strengthens the Community and the identity of the Roma. Modern Romani Chib today is a multifaceted language where there are multiple words for the same concept. Romani Chib has been developed in countries where it is spoken and had influences from the majority languages and thus has developed different varieties of the language. The result also shows a need for the Roma to organize. Moreover, the school's importance to Roma identity in which Roma classes are considered creating security within a cultural community, which in turn facilitates learning. In conclusion, the results also show that the mutual use of an intercultural perspective, the Roma minority and the majority could come closer together.

Denna litteraturstudie har genomförts med syftet att redogöra för hur den svenska grundskolan har arbetat med att inkludera romska barn. Fokus har legat på de problem som funnits, sett ur majoritetssamhällets perspektiv, hur arbetet skett för att komma tillrätta med problemen samt vad detta arbete har gett för resultat. Studien söker vidare svar på hur detta arbete har tagits emot i de romska grupperna. Inledningsvis ges en kort överblick över romernas historia med betoning på Sverige och sedan presenteras studiens resultat som svarar på frågorna: – Vilka problem har det enligt majoritetssamhället funnits i samband med romska barns inkludering i den svenska grundskolan? – Vilka metoder har förespråkats som lösningar på dessa problem? – Har det gått att se något resultat av metoderna som använts? – Hur beskrivs mottagandet av de olika metoderna i de romska grupperna? Resultatet presenteras kronologiskt uppdelat i tidsperioderna 1930-1956, 195 -1980, 1980-2000 samt Efter år 2000. För varje tidsperiod redovisas resultatet under fyra rubriker som svarar mot de fyra frågorna ovan. Avslutningsvis förs en diskussion om litteraturstudiens resultat, vilket sätts i relation till den franske sociologen Jean-Pierre Liégeois tankar om skolans betydelse för de romska grupperna.