Bad weather conditions such as drought have had detrimental effects on the agrarian life of the people in Madziva rural area, Zimbabwe. Due to the unfavorable weather conditions in this area, poverty and unemployment, most men migrated and continue to migrate to the urban areas in search of greener pastures. This research focuses on how these more frequent extreme weather conditions in Madziva, resulting in less predictable seasons, have increased incidences of precarity. This is important as it portrays how the climate has changed, its effect and the anxiety and expectations around it. Furthermore, providing perception of the nature of climate change in the village is important in order to assess the evidence of nature and level of climate change (manifesting through drought). As a result of the uncertainty caused by drought, the migration of men had been rampant in Madziva, and thus the village is characterized by a significant number of female-led households. To understand the social, political and economic dynamics of what it means to survive in a time of drought for ‘fragmented' families, an ethnographic research was conducted in Madziva over two months (14 June 2017 to 15 July 2017) and (10 December 2017 to 11 January 2018) during one of the worst droughts in Zimbabwe. This research follows the everyday lives of eight women and the interactions with 15 more women through focus group interviews in order to understand the strategies used to achieve survival. In this thesis, the results of an ethnography of women's experience of drought particularly in Madziva rural area in Zimbabwe between June 2017 and mid-January to mid-February 2018 are presented. It further explores, the locals' understandings of extreme weather conditions particularly in Madziva rural area and how practices, particularly those linked to gender, are shaped or reinforced. This research found out that the people of Madziva rural area, particularly women are severely affected by drought as compared to men. This is because of the expectations of managing the household and caring for children which requires them to be heavily reliant on natural resources. The reliance on natural resources has been due to the very poor and non-performing Zimbabwean economy, however, these are the resources which become scarce in a time of drought, which exacerbates precarity. Additionally, women in rural areas such as Madziva have less access to critical information on shifts in cropping patterns and weather alerts, and this can be linked to the gendered structure of the village, where men are seen as the principle holders of knowledge of the land. Furthermore, women also have very little power in decision making and access to resources because of the land ownership titles often given to the men of the household. However, with iv the high migration to urban centers, there is a gap that the women of Madziva must navigate and this thesis aims to explore how this occurs. For instance, during the fieldwork, it became evident that irrespective of all these challenges that are caused by drought, women are always expected to make a plan to provide for their families although there is a stiff competition for the remaining natural resources. Women in Madziva negotiated relationships of marginality, responsibility, togetherness and belonging through the ways they experienced the challenges ushered by drought.

The diploma thesis is based on analyzes of the global world, migration, tradition, community and the world of modern man. It strives to be a link between the past and the future. The result is a view into the Moravian village of Dolní Loučky, which offers possibilities for future development of the urban and architectural environment in the country with regard to the global events, the sociological needs of the human and the tendencies of the 21st century.

Nowadays in China, every province is implementing urbanization, which is a national policy goal. In this process, Copinism is very obvious. Almost everything is being done by Western World rules, from buildings to lifestyles; apparently, China needs to learn a lot from the western world. However, with the development of urbanization, the inadequacy of this approach becomes more and more evident, especially in old cities with rich culture heritages. The overly rapid development speed even sharpens the resulted contradictions when it brings chances. With decades of “copying”, it’s time for China, a country with such a different culture system from the West, to turn to substantive innovation, but renovation. Rongcheng, which is located in the middle-east of China, is a thriving new city with traditional villages occupying the majority of the land. The residential buildings & community typology in Rongcheng have great potentials and opportunities for major innovation. Both village buildings and city buildings have elements that people yearn for. At the meantime, any innovation must consider the general political and economic system in China as a major underlying force. Meanwhile, by starting from the most basic requirements of the residents, including lifestyles and old customs and combining them selectively with mainstream-rules, I aim to create a new kind of building and community that is fitting to the local soil, meets the needs of local people, and directly addresses facets of China. This study about my hometown, Rongcheng, will become a start point for my studies of my homeland.

Bakgrund: Det är långa avstånd i Västerbottens inland och 11 av 14 ambulansstationer har genomsnittliga transportsträckor som överstiger 90 km per uppdrag. De avstånd som förekommer i glesbygd och tätortsnära landsbygd innebär långa framkörningstider till patienten och längre tid innan ankomst till närmsta vårdenhet eller sjukhus, än i tätort eller storstäder. Tidigare studier har visat att det var bättre med “ scoop and run” än “stay and play” om transporttiderna till närmsta akutsjukhus var korta. När det däremot var långa transporttider eller om det prehospitala arbetet utspelade sig i glesbygd och i tätortsnära landsbygd, fanns det behov av mer avancerad teknik i ambulansen och att de medicinska behandlingarna påbörjades. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa ambulanssjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att arbeta inom ambulanssjukvården i glesbygd och tätortsnära landsbygd. Metod: Studien bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer, med 7 ambulanssjuksköterskor som hade erfarenhet av ambulanssjukvård i minst 2 år i Västerbotten, södra Lappland, som analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i 2 huvudkategorier; Ett stort ansvar och Resurser –en tillgång. Att arbeta i glesbygd och tätortsnära landsbygd var ett utmanande och kravfyllt arbete. Hjälp från övriga resurser som andra ambulanser och ambulanshelikopter fanns att tillgå, men många gånger var dessa resurser bristfälliga på grund av de långa avstånden och väderförhållanden. Slutsats: Sammanfattningsvis förefaller ambulanssjukvården i glesbygd och tätortsnära landsbygd som ett kravfyllt jobb med ett utökat ansvar. Emellanåt krävdes mycket planering kring patienten vad gällde logistik och samordning. Trots detta upplevdes arbetssituationen som tillfredställande och utvecklande. Med denna studie ses dock att det kan finnas anledning att forska vidare för att belysa eventuella skillnader att arbeta i storstad och glesbygd. En utveckling av den tekniska utrustningen vad gäller visuell teknik inom ambulanssjukvården kan också ses som behövligt. Ett förbättrat samarbete och fördjupning i ambulanssjukvård i glesbygd och tätortsnära landsbygd, tillsammans med glesbygdsmedicinskt centrum som finns i primärvården i Västerbotten och mellan jourläkare och läkare med högre medicinsk kompetens, skulle kunna leda till ytterligare kvalificerade bedömningar och adekvata åtgärder på ett ännu tidigare stadium. / Background: Västerbottens interior and 11 of the 14 ambulance stations have average distances exceeding 90 km per mission. The distance that exists in rural areas and in near-urban rural areas means long run-up times for the patients and even longer time before arrival to the nearest health care unit or hospital. There are long distances, especially in the Earlier studies has shown that it`s better with the "scoop and run" than "stay and play" when the journey time to the nearest emergency hospital was short. However, when it was long transport times or if the prehospital work took place in rural areas and in near-urban rural areas, there was a need for more advanced technology in the ambulance and that the medical treatment will be started. Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe ambulance nurses experiences of working in the ambulance service in rural and near-urban rural areas. Method: Seven registered nurses with experience of having worked in the ambulance for at least 2 years in Västerbotten in south Lapland were interviewed by qualitative research. The transcript was analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in 2 categories; A great responsibility and Resources- an asset. Working in rural and near-urban rural areas was a challenging job with a lot of solitary work. Help from other resources as other ambulances and ambulance helicopters were available, but many times were these resources inadequate because of the long distances and weather conditions. Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that the ambulance service in rural and near-urban rural areas was a requirement filled job with great responsibility and occasionally a lot of planning around patient, concerning the logistics and coordination. Despite this perceived was working at a satisfactory level and fulfilling. However, the result of this study shows that there might be reason to dig deeper to develop investigate further in order to highlight any differences to work in big cities and rural areas. A development of the technical equipment in terms of visual technology for the ambulance service can also may need to be procured. Improved cooperation and specialization in emergency medical services in rural and near-urban rural areas, together with the rural medical center, in the primary care, Västerbotten, and between emergency physicians and physicians with higher medical expertise, could lead to more qualified assessments and appropriate action at an even earlier stage

Cette thèse se situe dans le prolongement direct des travaux de recherche de l'« Observatoire de l'école rurale », dont l'auteur est membre depuis 2002, qui a étudié la scolarité de près de 2400 élèves du rural français depuis l'année 1999/2000 correspondant à la classe de CM2 pour tous jusqu'à l'année 2006/ 2007 correspondant à la classe de terminale pour ceux qui n'ont jamais pris de retard. Elle aborde une thématique jusque là peu traitée par les membres de l'OER : une approche croisant genre et typologie des territoires au niveau des trajectoires scolaires des jeunes ruraux. L'objectif est de déterminer s'il existe des « effets de territoire » qui impactent de façon distincte la scolarité des filles et celle des garçons et de mesurer leur incidence sur celle-ci. Pour y parvenir, deux types de milieux ruraux ont été étudiés : le « rural isolé » et le « rural sous faible influence urbaine ». L'étude s'est appuyée sur six variables de la scolarité des élèves ruraux : les résultats scolaires ; le goût pour les études ; les ambitions scolaires ; l'opinion des élèves sur leur propre niveau scolaire ; les pratiques culturelles ; le potentiel de mobilité. Cette recherche a l'ambition d'ouvrir de nouvelles pistes de recherches prenant en compte l'évolution d'un milieu en perpétuelle mutation et l'espoir de contribuer à nourrir les débats éducatifs autour de « l'école rurale » au sens générique du terme. / This thesis is situated in the direct continuation of the research works of the Monitoring Observatory of the rural school the author of which is member and which studied the schooling of about 2400 pupils of the French countryman for the year 1999/2000 corresponding to the 5th year of primary school for all until year 2006/2007 corresponding to the final year of high school for those who have never taken delay. It approaches a theme to there little treated by the members of the OER: an approach by kind(genre) and typology of the school trajectories of the young countrymen. The objective to determine if there are « effects of territory «which impact in a different way on the schooling of the girls and on that of the boys and to measure their incidence on this one. To reach there, two types of rural circles were studied: the isolated countryman and the countryman under low urban influence and the study leaned on six variables of the schooling of the rural pupils: The school results; the motivation for the studies; the school ambitions; the opinion of the pupils on their own school level; the cultural practices; the potential of mobility. This research has also the ambition to open new avenues of research in connection with the evolution of an environment in perpetual transformation and the hope to contribute to feed the educational debates around «the rural school" in the generic sense of the term.

Based on a resilience framework, the purpose of this study was to address knowledge gaps about minority youths who lived in rural and poor areas, had a primary caregiver with a diagnosis of depression, and faced multiple psychosocial stressors. Three research objectives included: 1) To explore the association between ecological protective factors and four developmental outcomes-emotional adjustment, behavioral adjustment, school performance, and educational aspiration; 2) To identify the robust protective factors; and 3) To explore the interactive relationships between risk and robust protective factors. Families (N=126) where the primary caregiver had a diagnosis of major depression and had a child aged 10-14 years old were selected for this study. This study used a longitudinal data set: Family and Community Health Study (FACHS). Six theoretical protective factors in individual-family-community levels and four youths’ developmental outcomes were selected from the FACHS: emotional adjustment; behavioral adjustment; school performance; and educational aspiration. Separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for each of the youths’ developmental outcomes. Before conducting the regression analyses, factor analysis, power analysis, data screening and regression assumptions assessment were conducted. For the research objective 1 and 2, this study’s findings suggested that overall, with the exception of parental monitoring, these theoretical protective factors only operated in specific developmental domains. Only parental monitoring was identified as a robust protective factor for this population. The regression model (R2adj) explained 11.5 % of the variance of depression, 29.8 % of conduct behavior, 15.2 % of school performance, and 18.7 % of educational aspiration. Youths’ optimism (ß=-.215) significantly contributed to the Emotional Adjustment Model. Youths’ self control (ß=-.210), prosocial friendship (ß=-.187), and parental monitoring (ß=-.250) significantly contributed to the Behavioral Adjustment Model. Parental monitoring (ß=.189) significantly contributed to the School Performance Model. Parental monitoring (ß=.278) and teacher’s support (ß=.292) significantly contributed to the Educational Aspiration Model. For objective 3, this study suggested that the effect of parental monitoring did not vary by the risk levels. In other words, regardless of the change of risk effect, parental monitoring consistently functioned as a protective effect on youth’s educational aspiration. Based on the findings from this study, six suggestions for future research, four recommendations for intervention and mental health-related services systems, and one suggestion for social work education were provided.

Um levantamento parasitológico foi realizado na Fazenda Intervales e arredores, área de proteção ambiental de Mata Atlântica do Sul do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram realizados exames de fezes em 393 indivíduos (funcionários e familiares) e colhidas 92 amostras de solo de 73 de suas residências. Os exames revelaram 285 indivíduos portadores (72,5 por cento ) dos seguintes parasitas e comensais: 169 (59,3 por cento ) de T. trichiurus, 149 (52,3 por cento ) de A. lumbricoides, 94 (32,9 por cento ) de E. nana, 68 (23,9 por cento ) de E. histolytica, 64 (22,5 por cento ) de E. co/i, 49 (17,2 por cento ) de G. /amblia, 40 (14,0 por cento ) de Ancilostomídeos, 25 (8,8 por cento ) de S. stercoralis, 18 (6,3 por cento ) de/. biitschlii, 4 (1,4 por cento ) de E. t:ennicu/aris, 2 (0,7 por cento ) de C. mesnili e 1 (0,4 por cento ) de H. nana. O poliparasitismo foi freqüente, com média de 2,3 parasitas por indivíduo. O número de ovos por grama de fezes variou de 10,5 a 9.520,0 ovos de T. trichiums e entre 42,0 a 17.997 ovos de A. lumbricoides. O solo apresentou por grama, em média, 0,410 (0,053 - 1,048) ovos de A. lumbricoides, 0,375 (0,046 - 1,805) ovos de T. trichiums, 0,324 (0,029 - 1,333) ovos de Toxocara sp. e 0,495 (0,029- 1,805) ovos de helmintos de animais. Não se observou diferença significativa de parasitismo entre os sexos e a escolaridade dos parasitados. Os jovens entre 7 e 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, apresentaram maior positividade, que foi superior a 50 por cento em todas as faixas etárias. Os habitantes das regiões mais distantes da região da Sede, ao lado daqueles que habitavam regiões não pertencentes à Fazenda Intervales, mostraram estar significativamente mais parasitados, especialmente quando suas residências não possuíam energia elétrica, eram de madeira ou barro, depositavam fezes no mato, utilizavam-se de águas de rio contaminadas com águas servidas e enterravam ou jogavam o lixo doméstico nos rios. Os moradores das áreas urbanas e da Sede, com melhores condições sanitárias e qualidade de vída, apresentaram-se menos parasitados. A comunidade mostrou alguns conhecimentos, que necessitam revisão, sobre os parasitas e suas formas de contágio e profilaxia, e ainda respeita a benzedeira e a medicina caseira, ao mesmo tempo que visita o médico e posto de saúde. Os resultados parasitológicos observados concordam, em linhas gerais, com aqueles obtidos em outras áreas rurais brasileiras. Merecem, no entanto, atenção imediata, por terem sido verificados em área de proteção ambiental. Além do tratamento, a melhoria da qualidade de vida da comunidade, aliada à disseminação de conceitos corretos de saúde ambiental e higiene, contribuirão para á diminuição das prevalências. / A parasitological survey has been developed in Fazenda Intervales and surroundings, an Atlantic Forest environmental protection area in South of São Paulo State, Brazil. Stool examination o f 393 individuais (farmworkers and families) and 92 soil samples of 73 houses were carried out. The faecal analysis showed 285 individuais (72,5 per cent ) with the following parasites and comensais: 169 (59,3 per cent ) of T. trichiurus, 149 (52,3 per cent ) of A. lumbricoides, 94 (32,9 per cent ) of E. nana, 68 (23,9 per cent ) of E. histolytica, 64 (22,5 per cent ) of E.coli, 49 (17,2 per cent ) ofG. lamblia, 40 (14,0 per cent ) of hookworm, 25 (8,8 per cent ) of S. stercoralis, 18 (6,3 per cent ) of /. biilschlii, 4 (1,4 per cent ) of E. vermicularis, 2 (0,7 per cent ) of C. mesnili and l (0,4 per cent ) of H. nana. The poliparasitism was common with average of 2.3 parasites per person. The number of eggs per gram of stool reachs 10,5 to 9.520,0 eggs of T. trichiums and 42,0 to 17.997 eggs of A. lumbricoides. The soil samples showed mean of 0,410 (0,053 - 1,048) eggs of A. lumbricoides, 0,315 (0,046 - 1,805) eggs of T. trichiums, 0,324 (0,029 - 1,333) eggs of Toxocara sp. and 0,495 (0,029 - 1,805) eggs of animal helminths. No significant parasitism between sexes and educationallevel was observed. Young between 7 and 18 years old, both sexes, were more parasitized and the positivity was greater than 50 per cent in all age groups. The inhabitants of the faraway regions from Sede, with the outside inhabitants nearest Sede, showed significantly greater parasitism, specially when their houses do not have electric power and were constructed with wood or clay, the people defaecate in forest, use contamined river waters and cover up or throw out domestic garbage. The inhabitants of the urban areas and from Sede, with better sanitary conditions and life quality, showed smaller parasitism. The community reveals some knowledge about the parasites, their contamination routes and profilaxy which needs revision, but yet considers faith healer and home made medicine at the same time that goes to doctor and health care house. The parasitological results are similar to that observed in other brazilian rural areas. However quick attention must be paid because the results were obtained in environmental proctetion area. The treatment must be followed by the increasing of community life quality and dissemination of environmental health and hygiene true concepts, which will contribute to the reduction ofthe prevalences.

Um levantamento parasitológico foi realizado na Fazenda Intervales e arredores, área de proteção ambiental de Mata Atlântica do Sul do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram realizados exames de fezes em 393 indivíduos (funcionários e familiares) e colhidas 92 amostras de solo de 73 de suas residências. Os exames revelaram 285 indivíduos portadores (72,5 por cento ) dos seguintes parasitas e comensais: 169 (59,3 por cento ) de T. trichiurus, 149 (52,3 por cento ) de A. lumbricoides, 94 (32,9 por cento ) de E. nana, 68 (23,9 por cento ) de E. histolytica, 64 (22,5 por cento ) de E. co/i, 49 (17,2 por cento ) de G. /amblia, 40 (14,0 por cento ) de Ancilostomídeos, 25 (8,8 por cento ) de S. stercoralis, 18 (6,3 por cento ) de/. biitschlii, 4 (1,4 por cento ) de E. t:ennicu/aris, 2 (0,7 por cento ) de C. mesnili e 1 (0,4 por cento ) de H. nana. O poliparasitismo foi freqüente, com média de 2,3 parasitas por indivíduo. O número de ovos por grama de fezes variou de 10,5 a 9.520,0 ovos de T. trichiums e entre 42,0 a 17.997 ovos de A. lumbricoides. O solo apresentou por grama, em média, 0,410 (0,053 - 1,048) ovos de A. lumbricoides, 0,375 (0,046 - 1,805) ovos de T. trichiums, 0,324 (0,029 - 1,333) ovos de Toxocara sp. e 0,495 (0,029- 1,805) ovos de helmintos de animais. Não se observou diferença significativa de parasitismo entre os sexos e a escolaridade dos parasitados. Os jovens entre 7 e 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, apresentaram maior positividade, que foi superior a 50 por cento em todas as faixas etárias. Os habitantes das regiões mais distantes da região da Sede, ao lado daqueles que habitavam regiões não pertencentes à Fazenda Intervales, mostraram estar significativamente mais parasitados, especialmente quando suas residências não possuíam energia elétrica, eram de madeira ou barro, depositavam fezes no mato, utilizavam-se de águas de rio contaminadas com águas servidas e enterravam ou jogavam o lixo doméstico nos rios. Os moradores das áreas urbanas e da Sede, com melhores condições sanitárias e qualidade de vída, apresentaram-se menos parasitados. A comunidade mostrou alguns conhecimentos, que necessitam revisão, sobre os parasitas e suas formas de contágio e profilaxia, e ainda respeita a benzedeira e a medicina caseira, ao mesmo tempo que visita o médico e posto de saúde. Os resultados parasitológicos observados concordam, em linhas gerais, com aqueles obtidos em outras áreas rurais brasileiras. Merecem, no entanto, atenção imediata, por terem sido verificados em área de proteção ambiental. Além do tratamento, a melhoria da qualidade de vida da comunidade, aliada à disseminação de conceitos corretos de saúde ambiental e higiene, contribuirão para á diminuição das prevalências. / A parasitological survey has been developed in Fazenda Intervales and surroundings, an Atlantic Forest environmental protection area in South of São Paulo State, Brazil. Stool examination o f 393 individuais (farmworkers and families) and 92 soil samples of 73 houses were carried out. The faecal analysis showed 285 individuais (72,5 per cent ) with the following parasites and comensais: 169 (59,3 per cent ) of T. trichiurus, 149 (52,3 per cent ) of A. lumbricoides, 94 (32,9 per cent ) of E. nana, 68 (23,9 per cent ) of E. histolytica, 64 (22,5 per cent ) of E.coli, 49 (17,2 per cent ) ofG. lamblia, 40 (14,0 per cent ) of hookworm, 25 (8,8 per cent ) of S. stercoralis, 18 (6,3 per cent ) of /. biilschlii, 4 (1,4 per cent ) of E. vermicularis, 2 (0,7 per cent ) of C. mesnili and l (0,4 per cent ) of H. nana. The poliparasitism was common with average of 2.3 parasites per person. The number of eggs per gram of stool reachs 10,5 to 9.520,0 eggs of T. trichiums and 42,0 to 17.997 eggs of A. lumbricoides. The soil samples showed mean of 0,410 (0,053 - 1,048) eggs of A. lumbricoides, 0,315 (0,046 - 1,805) eggs of T. trichiums, 0,324 (0,029 - 1,333) eggs of Toxocara sp. and 0,495 (0,029 - 1,805) eggs of animal helminths. No significant parasitism between sexes and educationallevel was observed. Young between 7 and 18 years old, both sexes, were more parasitized and the positivity was greater than 50 per cent in all age groups. The inhabitants of the faraway regions from Sede, with the outside inhabitants nearest Sede, showed significantly greater parasitism, specially when their houses do not have electric power and were constructed with wood or clay, the people defaecate in forest, use contamined river waters and cover up or throw out domestic garbage. The inhabitants of the urban areas and from Sede, with better sanitary conditions and life quality, showed smaller parasitism. The community reveals some knowledge about the parasites, their contamination routes and profilaxy which needs revision, but yet considers faith healer and home made medicine at the same time that goes to doctor and health care house. The parasitological results are similar to that observed in other brazilian rural areas. However quick attention must be paid because the results were obtained in environmental proctetion area. The treatment must be followed by the increasing of community life quality and dissemination of environmental health and hygiene true concepts, which will contribute to the reduction ofthe prevalences.

Thesis (M.Ed.) (Adult Education) --University of Limpopo, 2010. / This report is a description of a research carried out at Hlatlolang ABET Centre, which is located at Makotse village, a rural area in the Limpopo Province. The research was conducted with the aim of investigating the problems affecting sustainability of income-generating projects at Hlatlolang ABET centre. In order to achieve the aim outlined above; I formulated the following main research question: • What are the problems affecting the sustainability of income-generating projects at Hlatlolang ABET centre? I decided to undertake an exploratory and evaluative study in order to answer the question outlined above. I wanted to understand the kinds of problems affecting sustainability of income-generating project at Hlatlolang ABET centre. The intention of this study was to investigate the problems affecting the sustainability of income-generating project at Hlatlolang ABET centre. I investigated the aims and objectives of introducing and incepting the project and how much they achieved as was envisaged. In the introduction and background of my study I tried to outline the factors that might have led to poverty such as delivering of basic services to the people creating jobs and others. To direct this study, I wrote the research questions concerning the sustainability of the income-generating project at Hlatlolang ABET centre at Makotse village. I briefly stated the scope of this study before I concluded the chapter. In chapter 2; I formulated assumptions about factors that could be affecting the sustainability of income-generating project at Hlatlolang ABET centre. After I conducted exploratory interviews with the respondents, the following were identified as possible factors that could be affecting the sustainability of income-generating project at Hlatlolang ABET centre: ignorance, shortage of training/skills to run the project, illiteracy, lack of sense of ownership and lack or insufficient needs analysis done. The definition of key concepts is given. The defined concepts are: sustainability, income-generating projects, poverty, and illiteracy and ABET. Finally I concluded the chapter by outlining what transpired in theoretical framework. In chapter 3, I stated the instruments which I used to collect data from various role players in different phases of data collection. In this chapter there is an explanation of how data collected from different phases was analysed using qualitative data analysis method. In my conclusion I discussed my main learning areas as well as the difficulties that were encountered during the research process. Chapter 4 is about the findings of the study. An overview of where the study takes place, the description of the project and its programmes are clarified. I made an explanation of a link between key concepts and critical factors. These critical factors were identified as possible problematic areas that could be affecting the sustainability of income-generating project Hlatlolang ABET centre. There is a report about the findings made from the critical factors before the chapter could be concluded. In chapter 5; there is an integration of information from the previous chapters where the problems affecting the sustainability of income-generating project at Hlatlolang ABET centre are integrated. This chapter is about the conclusion and recommendations about the problems affecting sustainability of the income-generating project Hlatlolang ABET centre. I concluded the chapter by mentioning issues that need to be further researched particularly the ones that will increase sustainability of the income generating projects for poverty to be eradicated. / Not listed

<p>This study examines the effect on school achievement of a policy such as hostels, aimed at</p><p>giving children from a poor socioeconomic background an opportunity to receive education.</p><p>Data is collected from two different schools in a district in Andhra Pradesh, India, in which</p><p>both hostel students and day-scholar students, having a similar background, are studying.</p><p>Exam scores for three different subjects are used as dependent variables in the analysis. The</p><p>results indicate that private hostels do have a positive effect on achievement in all subjects,</p><p>thereby contributing to reducing the large gap in school achievement between different</p><p>socioeconomic groups</p>