This research asks the question of why the anime Zombie Land Saga has been hailed as positive and progressive transgender representation by international fans. I examine a famous episode in which the character Lily Hoshikawa comes out as transgender in terms of its themes of gender dysphoria and identity. After considering the changing understanding about these concepts in Japan as a result of Gender Identity Disorder, those two themes are suggested as key to popularity. The impact of the “wrong body” narrative created by GID on transgender culture in Japan is considered through personal accounts and commentary on recent changes. I conclude that dysphoria and gender identity are key to understanding the story’s reception among fans, and that it makes subtle but meaningful deviations from the narrative created by adherence to a Gender Identity Disorder paradigm.

En el llevat Saccharomyces cerevisiae els canvis en les condicions osmòtiques del medi extracel.lular són sensades per la MAP cinasa Hog1, la qual permet dur a terme l'adaptació cel.lular mitjançant la modulació de l'expressió gènica, de la traducció i de la progressió del cicle cel.lular. A l'inici d'aquest projecte de tesi, els mecanismes pels quals Hog1 controla l'expressió gènica no eren del tot coneguts. El nostre objectiu va ser caracteritzar el mecanisme molecular pel qual Hog1 modula la transcripció en resposta a estrès osmòtic. Hem aconseguit demostrar que el reclutament de Hog1 als promotors sensibles a estrès osmòtic per part del factor de transcripció és essencial per al reclutament i activació de la RNA polimerasa II, mecanisme que podria estar conservat en les cèl.lules eucariotes. També hem identificat noves activitats remodeladores de cromatina implicades en la resposta gènica a osmoestrès mediada per Hog1. Vàrem realitzar un cribatge genètic per identificar mutacions que provoquessin osmosensibilitat i una reducció en l'expressió de gens de resposta a estrès osmòtic. Aquest cribatge ens va permetre identificar nous reguladors de la transcripció mediada per osmoestrès: la histona deacetilasa Rpd3 i els complexes SAGA i mediador. Els nostres resultats permeten, doncs, definir un important paper per a Rpd3, SAGA i mediador en la inducció gènica mediada per Hog1, i han estat importants per assolir una millor visió de com les cinases activades per estrès regulen la iniciació de la transcripció. / In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, changes in the extracellular osmotic conditions are sensed by the HOG MAPK pathway, which elicits the program for cell adaptation, including modulation of gene expression, translation and cell-cycle progression. At the beginning of this PhD Project, the mechanisms by which Hog1 was controlling gene transcription were not completely understood. Our main objective was to characterize the molecular mechanisms by which the Hog1 MAPK modulates transcription upon osmostress. We have shown that anchoring of Hog1 to osmoresponsive promoters by the transcription factor is essential for recruitment and activation of RNA polymerase II, a mechanism that might be conserved among eukaryotic cells. In addition, we identified novel chromatin modifying and remodelling activities involved in the Hog1-mediated osmostress gene expression. We performed a genome-wide genetic screening searching for mutations that render cells osmosensitive and displayed reduced expression of osmoresponsive genes. Rpd3 histone deacetylase, SAGA and Mediator complexes were identified as novel regulators of osmostress-mediated transcription. Thus, our results define a major role for Rpd3, SAGA and Mediator in the Hog1-mediated osmostress gene induction, and have been important to achieve a better view of how a SAPK regulates transcription initiation.

No description available.

De acordo com levantamento realizado pelo Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo - IPT, os acidentes graves relacionados com deslizamentos atingem de forma recorrente um número relativamente pequeno dos 5.563 municípios brasileiros, girando em torno de 150 os que tiveram vítimas fatais nos últimos 17 anos. Os municípios mais vulneráveis localizam-se nos estados de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia e Espírito Santo, localidades, na maioria dos casos, habitadas por pessoas de baixa renda, tornando-se, por conseguinte, expostas a catástrofes ambientais constantes (inundações devido ao assoreamento dos rios e erosão dos solos, os incêndios causados por instalações elétricas problemáticas, deslizamentos de terras, causadas por encostas irregulares e descalçamentos, entre outros). A Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Cabuçu de Baixo é um típico exemplo do que aconteceu em muitas cidades brasileiras. É uma bacia em acelerado processo de urbanização, mas ainda em condições para o controle, se bem administrada pelos seus gestores. Este trabalho objetiva a criação de mapeamentos que retratem avaliação positiva das condições ambientais (que pode ser chamado de \"potencial\") ou negativa (genericamente chamados de \"risco\" ambiental). Estes mapeamentos, de alto valor agregado por se originarem, via de regra, de discussões e concordâncias entre profissionais das diferentes modalidades da pesquisa ambiental - geógrafos, geólogos, biólogos, arquitetos e engenheiros, em geral - passam a constituir um valioso acervo de conhecimentos específicos da área estudada; a combinação das avaliações de riscos com o uso atual da terra, a fim de verificar possíveis áreas críticas, ou seja, assentamentos localizados em áreas mapeadas sob iminente risco de ocorrência de inundações e desmoronamentos; o levantamento das áreas indicadas para a transposição dos assentamentos localizados em áreas críticas. Todos os procedimentos computacionais realizados foram conduzidos pela metodologia de Análise Ambiental, utilizando o sistema VISTA/SAGA/UFRJ para processamento dos mapeamentos, obtenção e validação resultados. O resultado final das avaliações ambientais realizadas produz um mapa classificado com notas entre zero e dez, onde as notas mais baixas são atribuídas às localidades mapeadas com baixo risco de ocorrências de enchentes e desmoronamentos. De forma análoga, classes com maiores notas representam localidades com ocorrência de assentamentos precários sob risco iminente de inundações ou deslizamentos de terra e desmoronamentos. Estes mapas são denominados como \"Áreas Críticas\". Também são conduzidas análises para o mapeamento de áreas indicadas para transposições de localidades situadas em áreas críticas. A sobreposição destes dois últimos mapas aponta as localidades indicadas para transposições de assentamentos sob risco iminente dos eventos analisados. Finalmente, em áreas onde ocorram assentamentos precários sob alto risco de inundações e deslizamentos, sem indicações próximas para transposições (áreas favoráveis à habitação), sugere-se a realização de investimentos em infra-estrutura (ex. Programa Favela-bairro) destes locais, a fim de evitar impactos econômicos e sociais para as famílias afetadas por este processo. Assinaturas espaciais também são realizadas a fim de quantificar as áreas de riscos mapeadas. Uma vez realizados estes estudos, os conhecimentos adquiridos, pelo uso do Geoprocessamento, sobre a realidade ambiental urbana e problemática da Bacia do Córrego Cabuçu de Baixo podem ser extrapolados, com as devidas precauções, para inúmeras outras áreas urbanas que possuam características semelhantes e enfrentam os mesmos problemas. / According to studies conducted by the Institute for Technological Research of the State of Sao Paulo - IPT, major accidents related landslides hit so applicant a relatively small number of 5,563 brazilian councils, turning around of 150 who had human lives losses in the last 17 years. The most vulnerable councils are located in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia and Espirito Santo. These locations, most cases, inhabited by low conditions people, become, therefore, exposed to constant environmental disasters (floods due to the silting of rivers and soil erosion, fires caused by problematic electrical installations, landslides, caused by irregular slopes, among others). The drainage basin of Cabuçu de Baixo river is a typical example of what happened in many Brazilian cities. It is a basin in accelerated process of urbanization, but also in a position to control, although administered by their managers. This study aims to create mappings facing positive assessment of environmental conditions (which can be called a \"potential\") or negative (generically called environmental \"risk\"). These maps are generated from professional discussions and agreement between the many kinds of researches - geographers, geologists, biologists, architects and engineers in general - are to be a valuable collection of expertise of the studied area, the combination of risk assessments to the current land using in order to check on critical areas, ie settlements located in areas mapped with imminent risk of flooding and landslides; survey of the areas indicated for the transposition of the settlements located in critical areas. All procedures performed are conducted by the computational methodology of Environmental Analysis, using the GIS VISTA/SAGA/UFRJ, processing mappings, obtaining and validating results. The final result of environmental evaluation conducted produces a \"Critical Areas\" map, presenting classified notes between zero and ten, where lower notes are assigned to locations mapped with low risk of occurrence of floods and landslides. Similarly, classes with higher notes represent locations where precarious settlements are mapped under imminent risk of flooding, landslides and landslides. Analyses pointing transposition areas, according to physical factors are also conducted, aiming to locate settlements under critic areas. The overlay of these both maps point transpositions indicated for settlements located under imminent risk areas. Finally, in areas where precarious settlements occurs under high floods and landslides risks, without near indications for transpositions (favorable areas for housing), it is suggested to make investments in infrastructure into these places, in order to maintain the \"roots\" of these affected families by this process. Spatial signatures are also conducted in order to quantify the risk areas mapped. Once these studies conducted, knowledge gain by the use of Geoprocessing, applied to the reality of urban environmental problems in the Drainage Basin Cabuçu, these can be extrapolated, with the necessary precautions, to other urban areas that presents similar characteristics and faces the same problems.

<p>C. G. Jungs teori om individuationen, och huvuddelen av de beskrivningar som finns av den, t.ex. via myter och sagor, utgår från ett manligt perspektiv. Vissa har dock diskuterat den utifrån ett kvinnligt perspektiv, och pekar på att kvinnans och mannens processer skiljer sig åt. Inom denna uppsats har jag utforskat kvinnans individuationsprocess, genom att diskutera myterna om Sofia och Inanna, samt sagan om Tusenskinn, med hjälp av jungianska metoder och en modell av kvinnans individuationsprocess föreslagen av Pia Skogemann. Jag har utforskat huvuddragen i den kvinnliga individuationsprocessen, hur de exemplifieras i dessa berättelser, vilka arketyper som är viktiga(st) i denna process och tittat på likheter och skillnader mellan kvinnlig och manlig individuationsprocess. Huvuddragen i kvinnans individuationsprocess innehåller en igångsättande fas, då Personan ifrågasätts av Jaget, och det omedvetna börjar bryta fram. Därefter följer faser då jaget möter både det manliga i olika skepnader, både av positiv och negativ karaktär, d.v.s. olika Animusuttryck, och det kvinnliga, som kan motsvara arketyperna Personan, Jaget, den Stora Modern, Skuggan och även Självet. Den innefattar också ett tydligt nedstigande, där Jaget måste våga överlämna sig, eller dra sig tillbaka till mer primitiva stadier. Slutligen sker ett återvändande, där alla delar förenas, för att uppnå helhet och då Självet träder fram. Dessa faser återfinns i alla tre berättelser. Myten om Inanna har den mest fullständiga beskrivningen av individuationsprocessen. I kvinnans individuationsprocess verkar Animus ha en central betydelse, medan Skuggan verkar spela en mindre roll, jämfört med i den manliga individuationsprocessen. Det är också troligt att kvinnans Skugga har andra karaktäristiska är mannens, t.ex. skam, skuld, svartsjuka. Den verkar också hanteras annorlunda av kvinnan än av mannen, där det för kvinnan handlar om kärlek, integration och acceptans, istället för att ta strid och besegra den.</p>

C. G. Jungs teori om individuationen, och huvuddelen av de beskrivningar som finns av den, t.ex. via myter och sagor, utgår från ett manligt perspektiv. Vissa har dock diskuterat den utifrån ett kvinnligt perspektiv, och pekar på att kvinnans och mannens processer skiljer sig åt. Inom denna uppsats har jag utforskat kvinnans individuationsprocess, genom att diskutera myterna om Sofia och Inanna, samt sagan om Tusenskinn, med hjälp av jungianska metoder och en modell av kvinnans individuationsprocess föreslagen av Pia Skogemann. Jag har utforskat huvuddragen i den kvinnliga individuationsprocessen, hur de exemplifieras i dessa berättelser, vilka arketyper som är viktiga(st) i denna process och tittat på likheter och skillnader mellan kvinnlig och manlig individuationsprocess. Huvuddragen i kvinnans individuationsprocess innehåller en igångsättande fas, då Personan ifrågasätts av Jaget, och det omedvetna börjar bryta fram. Därefter följer faser då jaget möter både det manliga i olika skepnader, både av positiv och negativ karaktär, d.v.s. olika Animusuttryck, och det kvinnliga, som kan motsvara arketyperna Personan, Jaget, den Stora Modern, Skuggan och även Självet. Den innefattar också ett tydligt nedstigande, där Jaget måste våga överlämna sig, eller dra sig tillbaka till mer primitiva stadier. Slutligen sker ett återvändande, där alla delar förenas, för att uppnå helhet och då Självet träder fram. Dessa faser återfinns i alla tre berättelser. Myten om Inanna har den mest fullständiga beskrivningen av individuationsprocessen. I kvinnans individuationsprocess verkar Animus ha en central betydelse, medan Skuggan verkar spela en mindre roll, jämfört med i den manliga individuationsprocessen. Det är också troligt att kvinnans Skugga har andra karaktäristiska är mannens, t.ex. skam, skuld, svartsjuka. Den verkar också hanteras annorlunda av kvinnan än av mannen, där det för kvinnan handlar om kärlek, integration och acceptans, istället för att ta strid och besegra den.

My Interdisciplinary dissertation examines illustrations in manuscripts and early print sources and reveals their participation in the transmission and reception of Old Norse mythology. My approach encompasses Material Philology and Media Specific Analysis. The reception history of illustrations of Old Norse Mythology affects our understanding of related Interdisciplinary fields such as Book History, Visual Studies, Literary Studies and Cultural Studies. Part One of my dissertation begins with a discussion of the tradition of Old Norse oral poetry in pagan Scandinavia and the highly visual nature of the poems. The oral tradition died out in Scandinavia but survived in Iceland and was preserved in vernacular manuscripts in the thirteenth century. The discovery of these manuscripts in the seventeenth century initiated a cycle of illustration that largely occurred outside of Iceland. Part One concludes with an analytical survey of illustrations of Old Norse mythology in print sources from 1554 to 1915 revealing important patterns of transmission. Part Two traces the technological history of production of digital editions and manuscript facsimiles back to the seventeenth century when manuscripts were hand-copied and published by means of copperplate engravings. Part Two also discusses the scholarly and cultural prejudices towards images that are only now slowly fading. Part Two concludes with a description of my prototype for a digital image repository named MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository). MyNDIR will facilitate the emergence of images of Old Norse Studies from the current informal crowd sourcing of material on the web to a digital image repository supporting the dissemination of accurate scholarly knowledge in a widely accessible form. Part Three presents two thematic case studies that demonstrate the value of applying the skills of visual literacy to illustrations of Old Norse mythology. The first study examines Jakob Sigurðsson’s illustrations of Norse gods in hand-copied paper manuscripts from eighteenth-century Iceland. The second study examines illustrations by prominent Norwegian artists in the editions of Snorre Sturlason: Kongesagaer published in 1899 and 1900 respectively. What emerged from these studies is an understanding that illustrations offer insights for the study of Old Norse texts that the words of the texts alone cannot provide. / Graduate / 0362 / 0377 / 0279 / pabaer@uvic.ca

No description available.

À partir de l’étude du procès des chefs de l’insurrection algérienne de 1871 jugés en 1873 aux assises de Constantine, la présente thèse reconstitue la fresque judiciaire d’un soulèvement que d’aucuns reconnaissent comme la plus grande séquence insurrectionnelle que l’Algérie ait jamais connue au XIXe siècle. L’analyse de la riche documentation exhumée des archives d’Outre-mer d’Aix-en-Provence, de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France (Paris) et des archives du tribunal de Constantine aurait pu permettre de rétablir la société colonisée dans son droit au chapitre de la parole et de renouveler la compréhension du soulèvement de 1871 mais c’était sans compter sur la complexité des enjeux politiques qui ont transformé le procès d’une insurrection en un théâtre où devait se solder le conflit civils-militaires. Le premier grand procès civil d’Algérie allait transformer une insurrection majeure en délits de droit commun justifiant une étonnante physionomie des peines. En abordant les questions relatives aux causes et aux acteurs de l’insurrection, le présent travail s’est investi dans l’analyse de l’histoire sociale des élites algériennes du XIXe siècle et de leurs caractéristiques, à travers leur implication dans le soulèvement et l’interrogation, aux côtés de diverses sources historiques, de matériaux de nature anthropologique. Tandis que les différentes historiographies attribuaient tour à tour à l’élite nobiliaire des djouads ou à celle confrérique de la rahmaniyya la paternité de la révolte, la présente thèse s’est attachée à mettre en évidence la matrice anti coloniste d’une insurrection populaire. / Starting with the study of the 1871 trial of the Algerian insurgency leaders judged in 1873 at the Constantine criminal court, this thesis reconstitutes the judicial saga of an uprising that some recognize as the greatest insurrectionary sequence Algeria ever knew in the nineteenth century.The analysis of the rich documentation exhumed from the Overseas Archives of Aix-en-Provence, the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (Paris) and the archives of the tribunal of Constantine could have reinstated the colonized society’s right to speak and to renew the understanding of the 1871 uprising, but it was without counting the complexity of the political challenges which transformed an insurrection trial into a theater, where the civil-military conflict had to be resolved. The first great civil trial of Algeria was going to transform a major insurrection into common law offenses justifying astonishing forms of sentences.In addressing issues related to the causes and actors of the insurgency, the present work Involved in the analysis of the social history of the nineteenth century Algerian elites and their characteristics, through their involvement in the uprising and the investigative questioning of various historical sources and anthropological materials. While the various historiographies attributed to the djouads’ noble elite or the rahmaniyya confraternity the authorship of the revolt, the present thesis endeavored to highlight the anti-colonist matrix of a popular insurrection.

This thesis focuses on the formal and stylistic analysis and comparison of two works written by English authors, namely William Morris' poem The Story of Sigurd the Volsung and the Fall of the Niblungs (1876) and J. R. R. Tolkien's poetic work The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún (published posthumously in 2009) with respect to how each of these works deals with the original Old Norse motives which they are based on. Both Sigurd the Volsung and The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrún can be described as poetic adaptations of the Old Norse tale of Sigurd Fafnisbani, which is recounted in the Saga of the Volsungs and in a cycle of poems found in the Poetic Edda. Both Morris and Tolkien borrowed this story to use it in their own works, yet each of them treats it in a different manner. Therefore, not only do both of the works differ from the original Old Norse texts on multiple levels, but they also differ one from another. The differences between them can be traced in the metrical properties of the individual poems, for instance, or in the use of specific stylistic elements. From this, it can be inferred that although it was the goal of both authors to evoke the atmosphere of the legendary heroic past where Sigurd's story takes place, each of them attempts to do so in a different way. This is probably caused by...