The purpose of this study was to determine how higher education administrators, faculty, and staff are able to identify subtle sexism, and indicate how they perceive it in the higher education workplace. Past research has also shown micro-aggressions lead to hostility and uncertainty in the workplace (Swim et al., 1995, 1997; Tougas et al., 1995). The design of this study does not allow for casual inference but data from the pilot study indicate that contemporary sexism in the workplace impacts men, women, and the LGBTQ community.This was a mixed methods study that included a survey and one-on-one interviews. There were a total of 232 participants and 12 one-on-one interviews. The majority of participants were heterosexual, white women. Three new measures of sexism were identified during data analysis: attitudes and behaviors of sexism (Historic Sexism Scale and Contemporary Sexism Scale) and identifying cases of subtle sexism (“man to woman” cases across the five scenarios on the Gender Neutral Sexism Scenarios). Quantitative results indicated that women identified more instances of sexism than men. Overall, participants did not strongly identify instances of subtle sexism. Additional research is needed to determine the results. Interview participants indicated that trainings and professional development regarding appropriate behavior and language in the workplace are needed in order for employees to understand and recognize subtle sexism. / Educational Leadership

The Swedish Curriculum for the upper secondary school states that teachers should “ensure that teaching in terms of content and its organisation is typified by a gender perspective” (Skolverket 2011, p. 9). Considering that there is no further information regarding what a “gender perspective” means in reality, this sentence could be interpreted in many different ways. This study aims to explore how EFL teachers deal with linguistic gender equality, and which strategies they use to maintain a gender inclusive language in their classroom. Six interviews were conducted with EFL teachers at upper secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden. The results indicated that the teachers thought this was an important issue to consider in teaching, andthat they had well-reasoned strategies for maintaining a gender perspective. The most prominently discussed strategies were encouraging reflection and discussion on these matters, and choosing appropriate literature that either would show a variety of different perspectives, or else would question the social norm. However, concerning their own language production, some of the teachers lacked explicit strategies for maintaining a gender inclusive language, which could derive from a lack in knowledge. Thus, this essay proposes that gender inequality in language needs to be more explicitly explored, both in teacher education and in further education for employed teachers. The teachers displayed an ambition to maintain a gender equal language teaching; and would benefit from more explicit tools to realize that.

This work fulfills a three-fold purpose. First, it identifies and conceptualizes patriarchal imposition as a social problem. Patriarchal imposition refers to a category of micro-level, social interaction in which male actors attain desired social outcomes at the expense of female actors. Date rape provides an example of such imposition. Second, this work elaborates an integrative theoretical understanding of the socio-cultural production of patriarchal imposition by joining three diverse paradigms: abstract individualism, social rationalism, and identity maintenance. Integration is accomplished by providing elaborations of each paradigm separately, by critically comparing propositions generated from each paradigm, and by treating mutually exclusive propositions as suggesting alternative pathways in the production of social action. This integration yields three central propositions: (1) the socio-cultural presentation of stereotypically dominant male identities and stereotypically submissive female identities influences men's motivation for patriarchal imposition, (2) the socio-cultural presentation of gendered conflicts of interest with respect to outcomes of social interaction influences men's motivation for patriarchal imposition, and (3) the socio-cultural presentation of males as disproportionately successful in attaining desired outcomes in gendered conflict influences men's motivation for patriarchal imposition. In addressing the third purpose, this work applies a unique method of content analysis on a sample of popular motion pictures, the top-ten box-office successes for each year 1986-1990. This content analysis deconstructs the sample into an aggregate data set of gendered relationships and interaction events of gendered conflict. Statistical procedures of logistic regression are applied to this data, and results support each central proposition. Qualitative interpretation of the data provide further support and also identify emergent themes in the cultural portrayal of gendered conflict. These results indicate that paradigmatic debate of patriarchal culture's influence on men's motivation disguises the reality that varying perspectives offer similar conclusions, namely that patriarchal culture does influence men's motivation for patriarchal imposition in various ways. The real debate concerns the politics of social change.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om graden av moderna sexistiska fördomar skiljer sig mellan mansdominerade-, kvinnodominerade- respektive könsheterogena organisationer. Totalt 15 organisationer inom Gävleområdet deltog i studien genom att besvara en webbenkät. Frågorna som användes för att mäta modern sexism hämtades från Ekehammar, Akrami och Arayas (2000) instrument; Swedish classical and modern sexism scale (SCMS). Resultatet visade att respondenter inom mansdominerade organisationer hade högre grad av moderna sexistiska fördomar än respondenter inom kvinnodominerade- och könsheterogena organisationer. Resultatet visade även att manliga respondenter hade högre grad av moderna sexistiska fördomar än kvinnliga respondenter. Vidare visade resultatet att respondenter med lägre utbildning hade högre grad av moderna sexistiska fördomar än respondenter med högre utbildning.

The Swedish Curriculum for the upper secondary school states that teachers should “ensure that teaching in terms of content and its organisation is typified by a gender perspective” (Skolverket 2011, p. 9). Considering that there is no further information regarding what a “gender perspective” means in reality, this sentence could be interpreted in many different ways. This study aims to explore how EFL teachers deal with linguistic gender equality, and which strategies they use to maintain a gender inclusive language in their classroom. Six interviews were conducted with EFL teachers at upper secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden. The results indicated that the teachers thought this was an important issue to consider in teaching, and that they had well-reasoned strategies for maintaining a gender perspective. The most prominently discussed strategies were encouraging reflection and discussion on these matters, and choosing appropriate literature that either would show a variety of different perspectives, or else would question the social norm. However, concerning their own language production, some of the teachers lacked explicit strategies for maintaining a gender inclusive language, which could derive from a lack in knowledge. Thus, this essay proposes that gender inequality in language needs to be more explicitly explored, both in teacher education and in further education for employed teachers. The teachers displayed an ambition to maintain a gender equal language teaching; and would benefit from more explicit tools to realize that.

The relationship of two sexist attitude questionnaires (Attitudes Toward Women Scale and Sexism Scale) was explored. Responses on the Bem Sex Role Inventory were compared with attitude responses to assess the effect of sex-role concept on degree of sexism. Various demographic variables were included to determine if any related to sexist attitude responses. Subjects were 53 male and 113 female undergraduate psychology students, aged 17-47. Test instruments and a demographic data survey were administered, and statistical analyses performed. Attitude measures were significantly correlated and could not be differentiated on the basis of variables included for study. Factor analysis of instruments revealed 3 separate factors: masculinity, femininity,and "sexist" attitudes. Sex-role concept was unrelated to sexist attitude responses. Only the demographic variable ofage was significantly related to attitude scores.

Los Premios Darwin son otorgados de forma póstuma a personas que han realizado un acto estúpido y han perdido la vida como consecuencia de dicho acto, por lo que parte del supuesto que el ser humano menos dotado genéticamente, no sobrevive. Para ello, se hizo una revisión bibliográfica en internet (google académico y descriptor DeCS), debido a que no se encontró información en otras fuentes. Este premio ha despertado la curiosidad de los investigadores para explicar las razones por las que los hombres se exponen más que las mujeres a situaciones peligrosas, llegando a postular la “teoría de la idiotez masculina”. / The Darwin Awards are awarded posthumously to people who have performed a stupid act and have lost their lives as a result of that act, so part of the assumption that the human less endowed genetically, does not survive. To do this, a bibliographical review was made on the internet (Google Sscholar and descriptor DeCS), because no information was found in other sources. This award has aroused the curiosity of researchers to explain the reasons why men expose themselves more than women to dangerous situations, even postulating the “male idiocy theory”.

Sverige har i jämförelse med andra länder kommit långt i frågan om jämställdhet och jämställdhetsarbete har en lång tradition inom just offentlig sektor. Trots detta är den könsmärkta kulturen svår att bli av med. Region Västerbotten planerar att genomföra en jämställdhetsutbildning för sin HR-stab och för att klargöra utgångsläget innan utbildningsinsatsen så genomfördes denna studie. För att utröna om genusordning och kön har betydelse för upplevelsen av jämställdhet var syftet att utifrån kön beskriva och analysera hur man inom HR-staben skattar jämställdheten och sitt bidrag till jämställdhetsarbetet på arbetsplatsen. Som metod användes en enkät där alla anställda i HR-staben skattade sig själva och sin arbetsplats i förhållande till jämställdhetsrelaterade påståenden. Resultatet sammanställdes genom index och redovisas i förhållande till kön och ålder. De centrala fynden visar att många inte upplever att sexism förekommer, däremot råder tvetydighet kring kränkande behandling som tycks förekomma i större utsträckning. Kvinnor befinner sig i majoritet på arbetsplatsen och upplever sig generellt mer delaktiga, involverade och medvetna än männen. Det visar sig inte minst i fristextsvaren där kvinnor i högre utsträckning valde att lämna synpunkter vilket lämnar oss med frågor kring männens tankar. Denna studie bidrar med en större förståelse för de utmaningar som arbetsgruppen kan arbeta med under sin kommande utbildning. En uppföljande studie skulle kunna ge svar på om utbildningen har gett önskade effekter på organisationskulturens uttryck eller om det lett till återställande resultat.

At present, there is speculation that women's alcohol use is a growing biomedical concern. Whilst not dismissing the potential health problems from excessive alcohol use by women that the evidence suggests, this thesis does not necessarily take the view that women's alcohol use/abuse is merely a reflection of a biomedical concern. Drawing predominantly from feminist tools of analysis, this thesis examines the discourse of alcohol use/abuse and reveals that mainstream interpretations of the epidemiological evidence are informed by an underlying sexism inherent in the research process itself. However, it is also argued that although popular interpretations can be contested on the grounds of sexism, there is a significant body of evidence that suggests women suffer more alcohol-related biological harm than men do. Given that epidemiological researchers are evidently observing something organically manifest, something perfectly correlative with the popular representation of a female vulnerability to alcohol related harm, this investigation cannot be reduced to the realm of cultural analysis and interpretation. The question then emerges, how can cultural assumptions that guide interpretations of the evidence become biologically manifest? Upon deeper reflection, this investigation turns its attention to relations of power and reveals the biological body and the discourses that produce it to be more closely aligned than generally presumed. This thesis argues that nature (the body) and culture (discourse) are not inherently oppositional, thus, the way we "conceptualise" the world must be inseparable from the "matter" under investigation. Based on this revelation, it is reasonable to consider that normalising discourse, which founds the meaning-making process of alcohol use, is not simply a re-presentation of the natural/organic world, but is constitutive of, and inherently writing the biological world it describes. Thus, rather than erecting material/conceptual borders that reinforce the polarisation of the nature/culture division, this thesis proposes a way to think difference more generously, in a way that allows for a closer reconciliation of the historical division between the "theory" and the "lived" experience.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka ambivalent sexism på ett mansdominerat industriföretag. Ambivalent sexism är ett begrepp som innefattar två typer av sexism, fientlig (hostile) och välmenande (benevolent). Glick och Fiskes verktyg Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) användes i undersökningen. Deltagarna bestod av 744 anställda i organisationen. Studien visade att graden av ambivalent sexism var förhållandevis låg.  I organisationen var män mer sexistiska än kvinnor och arbetare var mer sexistiska än tjänstemän. Då social önskvärdhet antogs kunna vara en felkälla undersöktes samband mellan denna variabel och sexismvariablerna, inga starka samband kunde påvisas. Studien visade starka samband mellan fientlig- och välmenande sexism i likhet med tidigare studier. Delar av resultatet motsätter sig tidigare teori och tänkbara anledningar till detta diskuteras.