yes / New non-lethal technologies (weapons and delivery systems) continue to make the news, both for their civil and military applications. Technologies which were considered to be in the realm of science fiction a few years ago, are now beginning to undergo field trials or, in some cases, are being deployed with police and soldiers on active service. As this, and our previous reports have highlighted, the development of acoustic weapons (Long Range Acoustic Device) and microwave weapons (Active Denial System) have proceeded rapidly as have advances in robotic, unmanned vehicles for the delivery of both lethal and non-lethal weapons. We repeat our concern that there is a danger of these new non-lethal technologies being `rushed¿ into service (1) without thorough testing for harmful health effects, (2) without a deeper consideration of civil and human rights, (3) without full discussion of their impact on arms control treaties and conventions, and (4) without further study of their social and cultural impact. Since many such weapons will have a rheostatic capacity along the non-lethal to lethal continuum, it is important that weapons developers and manufacturers, and those charged with the responsibility of using them, are held clearly accountable and have transparent rules of engagement. Of particular concern are a new generation of biological and chemical weapons. With respect to the health impact, NATO has a panel working on NLW human effects, the Human Factors and Medicine (HFM) Panel 073, which is due to report later this year (2004) on the Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies.1

Diese Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, soziale Wirkungen einer ausgewählten Bibliothek gültig und verlässlich nachzuweisen. Sie beschäftigt sich mit dem vielschichtigen Problem, Tätigkeitszusammenhänge zu untersuchen, die bedeutsame Veränderungen hervorrufen und fragt nach dem Einfluss der Bibliothek in individueller und gesellschaftlicher Hinsicht. Dies steht im Zusammenhang mit der Leistungsbeurteilung einer Bibliothek. Ausgehend von verschiedenen Wirkungsdefinitionen im Kontext ihres theoretischen Hintergrundes (Kapitel eins) werden unterschiedliche Ansätze der Leistungs- und Wirkungsmessung verglichen (Kapitel zwei). Darauf aufbauend wird die Wahl des social-process-audit-Ansatzes begründet und führt im Kapitel drei zur Darstellung des Forschungsdesigns. Im Kapitel vier werden die Forschungsergebnisse vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse dieser empirischen Untersuchung zeigen, dass die Wirkungen der ausgewählten Bibliothek gesellschaftlich bedeutsam sind. Durch ihr Angebot bewirkt diese Bibliothek nicht nur vielfältigen Nutzen, sondern auch Veränderungen innerhalb der Lebensbereiche ihrer Interessengruppen. Diese langfristigen sozialen Wirkungen können für die Bibliothek von strategischer Bedeutung sein. Die Besonderheiten der Arbeit bestehen darin, (1) dass gesellschaftliche Wirkungsbezüge gültig nachgewiesen worden sind, (2) dass nicht auf Nutzungszusammenhänge eingeschränkt, sondern im Kontext des Auftrages der Bibliothek untersucht wurde und (3) dass das Einbeziehen der Positionen aller relevanter Interessengruppen – sowohl in Hinblick auf das Ermitteln der erwünschten Wirkungen als auch der erreichten Wirkungen – eine entscheidende Grundlage darstellte. Die im Kapitel fünf enthaltenen Schlussbetrachtungen beschäftigen sich mit Problemen der wissenschaftlich-empirischen Methode des Interviewens, der Verallgemeinerung der Untersuchungsergebnisse und ausgewählten aktuellen Fragestellungen. / This thesis aims at validly and reliably proving social effects (Impact, Outcome) of a selected library. It deals with the complex problem of surveying the context of activities causing significant changes. Apart from that, it looks into the library''s influence on the individual and on society, thus furnishing results which facilitate the assessment of a library''s achievements. Starting with various definitions of outcomes in the context of their theoretical background (chapter one), different approaches to assessing performace, impact and outcome are compared (chapter two). Based on that, the selection of the social-process-audit approach is justified and then the research design described (chapter three). In chapter four, the results of the survey are presented. The empirical study proves that the effects of the selected library are socially significant. This library''s offer does not only bring about a variety of benefits, but it also causes changes in its stakeholders'' lives – long-term social effects that may be of strategic significance for the library. The special features of the thesis are (1) the valid proof of social effects, (2) the fact that the survey has not been restricted to ways of use, but has been carried out in the context of the library''s task and (3) that the inclusion of the positions of all relevant interest groups (stakeholders) – with regard to both determining the intended effects and the ones that have been actually reached – has built a decisive basis. The concluding remarks (chapter five) consider problems of the scientific-empirical method of interviewing and contain a generalization of the thesis''s results as well as selected topical questions.

No description available.

The subject of social involvement though, still under debate and being pursued by the Church of Jesus Christ even this time around has not wholly been appreciated by most Pentecostals. This is despite the fact that some of the early Pentecostals, including the early Church as seen from the ‘Acts of the Apostles’ chose to pursue social dimension of the gospel in addition to the Church’s mandate of ‘pure evangelism.’ Although social involvement has been at the very heart of Pentecostal theology, traditionally speaking, PAOG (Z), being one of the Pentecostal groupings has been seen to place much emphasis on ‘pure evangelism’, rather than ‘embracing’ both forms of missional dimensions. However, this trend is slowly changing as observed from the social involvements that some of its congregations and institutions are currently undertaking. This study views that part of the reason for the lack of an all-round social involvement’ by all the PAOG (Z) congregations lies in its theology of mission and thus critically examines it. The other aspect is the non-utilization or recognition of known professions of clergies that could normally enhance social involvement in most of its congregations. Next it makes an in-depth study of one PAOG (Z) - PAOC run projects and few congregations for the purpose of doing a social impact assessment, which has shown positive impacts in the communities that these projects are being undertaken. The study also reveals that the lack of clear constitutional guidelines concerning this has contributed to the absence of social programs in most of its churches resulting in not having a strong ‘social’ voice compared to the Catholic Church. The thesis uses a modified “praxis cycle” to structure its theoretical framework and research methodology. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

近十年來，企業社會責任(Corporate Social Responsibility，CSR)和社會企業(Social Enterprise)在全球蔚為風潮，前者促使公司思考其在員工、社會、環境等層面的角色定位和所能發揮的影響力；後者則改變了非營利組織的經營思維與營運效率，使其採取具市場競爭力和財務獲利性的商業模式；兩者可謂搭建了營利事業與非營利組織之間溝通互動的橋樑，並使兩類型的組織在目標設定和策略執行上更具永續性。一個營利組織在通過B 型實驗室(B Lab)線上綜合性的企業社會責任評量—「效益影響評估」(B Impact Assessment)—後，可被認證成為B 型企業，該評量從員工照顧、社區經營、顧客關懷、環境保護、公司治理等面向進行細部項目檢核，在總分200 分中滿足80 分以上的條件要求，方可取得B 型企業的資格。 本研究探討台灣B 型企業在落實企業社會責任時，對於內、外部之利害關係人所採取的實務作法和制度設計，從中萃取出營利事業在CSR 五大面向下可供借鏡之處，進而建構出具正面社會影響力的商業模式。本研究總共訪談三家B 型企業，每家企業訪談對象包含一位高階主管(董事長、總經理或所長特助)和兩位負責推動B 型企業和企業社會責任相關業務的員工，累積共九位受訪者。 根據訪談結果，B 型企業透過落實企業社會責任，提升了員工對於工作的滿意度和投入度，進而降低員工流動率；提高顧客對企業的信任度和評價；減少對外在環境的衝擊，卻仍保有穩健獲利；降低舞弊和人謀不臧，完善公司治理。本研究亦針對研究所受限制和未來研究方向提出建議，供未來研究者做為參考。 / In recent years, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social enterprises have become a growing trend on an international scale, the former has prompted companies to rethink its role and potential impact on employees, society, and the environment; the latter has changed the managerial mentality and operational efficiency of non-profit organizations, causing them to adopt business models that possess market competitiveness and financial profitability; the two have bridged the for-profit businesses and non-profit organizations, channeling communication and interaction, motivating the two types of organizations to become more sustainable in goalsetting and strategy implementation. A for-profit organization that passes a comprehensive CSR evaluation— the “B Impact Assessment”—designed by the non-profit organization B Lab, is certified as a B-Corp. The assessment conducts detailed evaluations of CSR practices under five main categories(employee welfare, community engagement, customer outreach, environmental protection, corporate governance), if a company is to pass the requirements and score more than 80 points out of a total of 200, it attains B-Corp qualification. This study researched the CSR practices and measures of Taiwanese B-Corps dealing with the various internal and external stakeholders, extracting their practical experiences under the five main categories. In this study, interviews were conducted at three Taiwanese B-Corps, interviewees at each company included a high-level executive ( the chairman, CEO or executive assistant) and two employees responsible for promoting B-Corp. and CSR practices, with a cumulative total of nine interviewees. According to the results of this study, Taiwanese B-Corps have resulted in an increase in employee job-satisfaction and work-involvement, leading to lower employee turnover; improved customer trust and review of the company; mitigated external environment impact, and still retain a robust profit; reduced fraud and ineffective management, thus improving corporate governance. This study also points out research limitations and provides recommendations regarding future research directions, serving as a reference for future researchers.

Electronic government (e-Government) in terms of public service delivery and administration has endured signification transformation over the last decade. More recently, modern second generation web technologies (Web 2.0) have started to be used to deliver e-Government. However, this in turn has brought about additional challenges. By its nature, Web 2.0 is more interactive than the traditional model of information provision or creation of digital services and as such opens up a new set of benefits, costs and risks to those who make use of it as part of their e-Government approach. In the main, the usage of Web 2.0 is in its infancy within e-Government and this creates a need for research into exploring the application of Web 2.0 technologies in e-Government and to provide practical advice to practitioners. This research draws on the existing literature to present a novel conceptual model that could be used to guide implementation and evaluation of Web 2.0. The conceptual model draws the existing literature into the traditional information systems (IS) evaluation model (benefits, costs and risks) specifically in terms appropriate to Web 2.0. In turn that evaluation is set in the context of the impact on the organisation in terms of organisational, technological and social consequences. This conceptual model was tested in a United Kingdom local government authority (LGA) that had recently started to make use of Web 2.0 in terms of service delivery and for internal work purposes by its employees. The result was a qualitative enquiry making use of interviews and documentary evidence to explore the validity of the conceptual model as a tool to assist decision making in this field. The findings elicited from the in-depth case study offer an insight into IS evaluation criteria and impact factors of Web 2.0 from both a practical setting and an internal organisational perspective. An interesting finding of this study was the contrast between the agreement on the need for evaluation of Web 2.0 tools and how to carry that out, and the fact that this had not been formally carried out by the case study with respect to its early Web 2.0 projects. This study concludes that a combined analysis of the evaluation and impact factors rather than a singular approach would better assist the decision making process that leads to effective application of Web 2.0 technologies. Keywords: e-Government, Web 2.0, Information Systems Evaluation, Impact, Local Government Authorities (LGAs).

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-07-06T18:59:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Artur dos Santos Lencini.pdf: 747942 bytes, checksum: eecb7ef70632b7312b7840448523e543 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-06T18:59:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Artur dos Santos Lencini.pdf: 747942 bytes, checksum: eecb7ef70632b7312b7840448523e543 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / Nenhuma / O estudo da inovação social é baseado na identificação de oportunidades e melhorias para a vida do indivíduo e a sua difusão para a sociedade como forma de amenizar o desequilíbrio social. A organização e o empreendedor social desempenham papel preponderante no processo de implementar a inovação social. Com esse foco, o presente estudo apresenta a matriz do empreendedorismo social como um pano de fundo para compreender a interação entre empreendedor e organização. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo geral analisar diferentes tipos de organizações sob a ótica da matriz do empreendedorismo social que implantam práticas de inovação social e os impactos causados na vida dos beneficiários. O referencial teórico apresenta a evolução do conceito e focos de estudo da inovação social, o empreendedorismo social e suas características, a organização social vista sob a abordagem de negócios sociais e a visão sobre a aplicação da matriz do empreendedorismo social. A pesquisa classifica-se de cunho descritiva e qualitativa, com entrevistas com empreendedores sociais e beneficiários das ações de inovação social das organizações estudadas, de acordo com a classificação dos quadrantes da matriz. Foi utilizado um roteiro semiestruturado, contendo perguntas abertas relacionadas as categorias como: características empreendedoras, desafios, perspectivas futuras e benefícios sociais . A análise dos dados foi por meio da análise de conteúdo e relação entre as categorias de análise. Os resultados indicaram que as organizações possuem características distintas apontadas pelo modelo adotado pela matriz do empreendedorismo social, havendo dificuldades de classifica-las adequadamente. A realização pessoal dos empreendedores está relacionada aos benefícios sociais proporcionados aos indivíduos e a comunidade. Os impactos da inovação social apresentam-se de forma clara e transparente para os beneficiários, pois resultam em melhoria da qualidade de vida de forma sustentável, expressos em autossuficiência individual, familiar, comunitária e organizacional. / The study of social innovation is based on the identification of opportunities and improvements to the individual’s life and its dissemination to society as a way to mitigate the social imbalance. The organization and social entrepreneur play a preponderant role in the process of implementing social innovation. With this focus, this study brings the social entrepreneurship array as background to understand the interaction between entrepreneur and organization. This research aims at analyzing different types of organizations implementing social innovation and the motivations of entrepreneurs and its impacts. The theoretical presents the evolution of the concept and focus of the study of social innovation, social entrepreneurship and its characteristics, social organization and approach on the social entrepreneurship matrix. The research is classified as descriptive and qualitative. We have conducted interviews with entrepreneurs and beneficiaries. We have used a semi-structured guide. It contains open questions which are related to entrepreneurial characteristics, motivation, challenges, future prospects and social benefits. Data analysis consists of content analysis and relationship between categories. The results indicated that organizations have distinct characteristics identified by the social entrepreneurship array. We have had difficulty to properly classify the characteristics in the social entrepreneurship matrix. The motivations of entrepreneurs are related to family background, social vision and personal fulfillment participate in social transformation that occurs in the individual life or in the community. The impacts of social innovation are clear and transparent to beneficiaries. The result of impacts improved quality of life. These results are expressed in individual, family and organizational selfsufficiency.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-04-25T18:40:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Viegas da Silva_.pdf: 2226777 bytes, checksum: c8336debde594e1996145e1ea198170d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Viegas da Silva_.pdf: 2226777 bytes, checksum: c8336debde594e1996145e1ea198170d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-21 / Nenhuma / Diante dos problemas sociais com os quais o segmento de baixa renda tem se deparado, há grande preocupação na busca por soluções sociais e mercadológicas que possam contribuir para minimizar os efeitos do déficit social ocasionado na população situada na base da pirâmide econômica. Nesse contexto, os negócios sociais ganharam notoriedade no cenário acadêmico, organizacional e midiático, ao se posicionarem como uma nova alternativa que contribui para a promoção das transformações sociais direcionadas a população de baixa renda, promovendo a inclusão social e econômica. Isso acontece por meio dos produtos e serviços ofertados pelos negócios sociais para esse público, os quais visam solucionar dificuldades sociais, levando em consideração o impacto individual e coletivo. Assim, este estudo buscou compreender como o negócio social contribui para promover transformações sociais no mercado direcionado à população de baixa renda. Para tanto, toma-se como base teórica as abordagens negócios sociais e transformações sociais. Esta pesquisa de campo tem como foco um caso particular, que é o do Banco Bem, localizado em Vitória, no Espírito Santo. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, organizada em duas fases distintas. A primeira buscou a identificação dos diferentes tipos de inclusão, além dos que a abordagem negócio social tradicionalmente apresenta, e a identificação dos fatores facilitadores e dificultadores que interferem na promoção das transformações sociais. Essa primeira fase foi desenvolvida por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 15 diferentes atores envolvidos com o negócio social estudado, abrangendo a gestora, os agentes de créditos e os seus beneficiários. Posteriormente, os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. A segunda fase aborda a trajetória de vida, que analisa a experiência individual de três pessoas da comunidade que foram beneficiadas pelo Banco Bem e tiveram suas vidas impactadas por esse negócio. Como principais resultados, o estudo aponta a identificação de novos tipos de inclusão que um negócio social pode gerar, além da social e econômica, e a identificação de outros fatores que facilitam e dificultam a promoção das transformações sociais. A trajetória de vida como relato das transformações sociais sinalizou que a realidade individual e econômica das pessoas entrevistadas foi modificada a partir do momento em que elas foram beneficiadas pelas ações do Banco Bem. Os depoimentos destacaram os benefícios e as mudanças na vida dessas pessoas e da comunidade. Todos destacaram questões do contexto social da comunidade, demonstrando um olhar diferenciado sobre os benefícios usufruídos. As transformações sociais promovidas pelo Banco Bem, na comunidade de baixa renda, estão associadas a resultados, como, por exemplo, valorização das pessoas, diminuição da vulnerabilidade social, nova realidade social e econômica, empoderamento comunitário, integração e engajamento comunitário e escolhas de novas oportunidades sociais e econômicas para o desenvolvimento humano local. / Facing the social problems that the low-income segment have faced, there is great concern in the search for social and market solutions that can help to minimize the effects of the social deficit caused in the population at the base of the economic pyramid. In this context, the social business got notoriety in the academic, organizational and media scenery to take position itself as a new alternative that contributes to the promotion of social transformation addressed to the low-income population, promoting social and economic inclusion. This happens through the products and services offered by the social business to this audience that aim to solve social problems, taking into account the individual and collective impact. This study tried to understand how the social business helps to promote social changings in the market targeted to low-income population. Therefore, it takes as a theoretical base as social business approaches and social transformations and field research addresses one single case study made at Banco Bem, in Vitória (ES). Therefore, a qualitative research was developed, organized into two distinct phases: the first tried to identify the different types of inclusion, in addition to the social business approach traditionally features and identify the facilitating and inhibiting factors that interfere with the promotion of social changings. This first phase was developed through semi-structured interviews with 15 different actors involved in the social business studied as the manager, and their beneficiaries. Later, the data were analyzed from the content analysis. The second phase focuses with the life path, which analyzes the individual experience of three people in the community who were benefited by the Banco Bem and had their lives impacted by this business. The main results, the study shows the identification of new types of inclusion that can generate a social business, as well as social and economic, and the identification of other factors that facilitate and makes the promotion of social changings difficult. The trajectory of life as reporting of social changings signaled that the individual and economic reality of the people interviewed has been modified from the moment they were benefited by the actions of the Banco Bem in the community. The statements highlighted the benefits and changings in their lives and the community. All of them highlighted the community's social context issues, demonstrating a differentiated looking at the acquired benefits. The social changings promoted by the Banco Bem in low-income community are associated with results as for instance , valuing people, the reduction of social vulnerability, new social and economic reality, community empowerment, integration and community engagement and new opportunities social and economic choices for local human development.

Over the past decade, Social Impact Investing (SII) has garnered increasing attention among public policy makers as a solution for multigenerational, complex, intractable social and environmental problems, or as some advocates like to say, ‘wicked’ problems. The growing interest in SII aligns with the expansion, since the 1980s, of a set of public sector reforms that make use of new public policy instruments to achieve public objectives. Neoliberal economists and New Public Management (NPM) theorists have long argued for these reforms to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of government bureaucracies. These reforms have led to a paradigm shift that Lester M. Salamon has labeled ‘New Governance’, characterized by public policies that make use of market mechanisms, partnerships with new actors, networks and flexible rules. Public administration scholars have suggested focusing on public policy instruments instead of the traditional focus on programs and institutions to gain an understanding of the dynamics of the ‘New Governance’ paradigm and to address important questions that go beyond the dimensions of effectiveness and efficiency. This dissertation draws on Lester M. Salamon’s framework for analyzing public policy instruments combined with a conceptual framework developed by the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD). The thesis uses this framework to assess the SII market by examining three cases of Canadian federal public policy instruments designed and implemented to achieve socio-economic objectives. These policy instruments provide either a cash transfer or a tax incentive to create investment funds mandated to invest with a purpose of making a return and achieving a positive social outcome. The dissertation employs a qualitative research approach and case study method to explore questions of equity and effectiveness to produce findings and recommendations useful to pubic administration scholars who focus their research on public policy instruments and to public policy makers who are considering policy options for structuring and growing the SII market. Data was collected through an extensive document review and 19 semistructured interviews. A dimensional analysis, SII analysis and discourse analysis of the data were undertaken. The researcher made the choice of undertaking a discourse analysis in order to fill a gap in the public policy instrument literature and inform the debate on SII. This dissertation contributes to the body of knowledge on public policy instruments and SII by presenting the results of a comparative analysis of three public policy instruments that created investment funds mandated to produce socio-economic outcomes.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-09-25T14:28:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Barbara Santana da Silva.pdf: 1409377 bytes, checksum: 6e4baeff61bfc050a4a6bcad1589915f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-09-28T15:03:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Barbara Santana da Silva.pdf: 1409377 bytes, checksum: 6e4baeff61bfc050a4a6bcad1589915f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T15:03:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Barbara Santana da Silva.pdf: 1409377 bytes, checksum: 6e4baeff61bfc050a4a6bcad1589915f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-15 / A partir da hipótese de que a análise de riscos sociais da empresa estudada pode ser impactada pela subjetividade dos participantes da avaliação de riscos sociais, o presente estudo visa analisar a existência de subjetividade nas avaliações de riscos sociais realizadas pela área de engenharia de uma empresa brasileira de energia, nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Como procedimentos de pesquisa, o estudo está amparado por revisão sistemática de literatura e pela coleta e análise de dados primários por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com participantes das avaliações de riscos sociais em quatro projetos de engenharia da empresa estudada. Os resultados apontam a presença da subjetividade nas avaliações de riscos sociais e as lacunas que, segundo os avaliadores de riscos sociais, interferem negativamente na avaliação de riscos sociais de projetos de alta complexidade no âmbito de engenharia. Os resultados indicam ainda possíveis práticas para evitar essa interferência que seriam: maior conhecimento e sensibilização para as questões sociais e para o processo de avaliação de riscos sociais e o perfil adequado dos participantes da reunião e das lideranças. Outros fatores indicados na pesquisa são lacunas no acompanhamento das ações de tratamento aos riscos sociais e na aplicação de procedimentos corporativos além da maior valorização de outros aspectos técnicos em detrimento de aspectos de responsabilidade social. / Based on the hypothesis that social risk assessment of the company studied can be impacted by the participants subjectivity of the social risks assessment, the present study aims at analyzing the existence of subjectivity in the social risk assessments carried out by the engineering area of a Brazilian energy company, in the years 2014 and 2015. As research procedures, in theoretical terms, the study is supported by systematic review literature and by the collection and analysis of primary data through in-depth interviews with participants of social risk assessments in four engineering projects of the company studied. Thus, we intend to analyze the factors that influence human subjectivity and the qualitative evaluation judgment of social risks. The results point to the presence of subjectivity in social risk assessments and the gaps that, according to social risk assessors, interfere negatively in the assessment of social risks of highly complex engineering projects. Other possible practices to avoid such negative interferences would be greater knowledge and awareness of social issues and the process of assessing social risks and the adequate profile of participants and leaders for meeting activities. Other factors indicated in the research are gaps in the follow-up of treatment actions to social risks and in the application of corporate procedures and the greater valorization of others technical aspects to the detriment of aspects of social responsibility.