<p>Jag har som student på Carl Malsten - Furniture Studies valt att ägna mitt examensarbete åt att lösa frågan: Hur utformar man ett redskap för lek som lämnar tolknings utrymme och stimulerar barnets egna fantasi?</p><p>Barn har ett öppet synsätt medans vi med åren blivit formade att se saker på ett visst sätt. Jag ville slå ett slag för barns lek, fantasi och deras skapande. Det har jag att gjort med fokus på barns olika typer av lek och då i huvudsak på:</p><ul><li>Rollek. (Barnet spelar en roll, själv eller i samspel med andra barn)</li><li>Konstruktionslek. (Barnen experimenterar och bygger med material)</li><li>Rörelselek (Rörelserna är det viktiga)</li></ul><p>För att hitta svar på frågeställningen har jag forskat i barns utveckling och lek. Jag har läst böcker och tidigare skrivna rapporter i ämnet samt utfört en intervju där jag med hjälp av förutbestämda frågor förde en dialog med målgruppen. Jag använde sedan mina inhämtade kunskaper i området för att i en designprocess testa möjligheterna att skapa lekredskap som stimulerar barns fantasi.</p><p>Lekredskap är något barnen oftast leker på, de är oftast stationära och vänder sig till hela kroppen. Exempel på lekredskap är gungor, klätterställningar,sandlåda, rutschkana och gungbrädor.</p><p>Barn mellan tre och fyra år behöver stor plats att leka på och gärna riktiga saker att leka med. Det roligaste är att få göra ”riktiga saker”, att få sopa, tvätta eller diska. Det gäller även för barn mellan fyra och fem år, men då måste barnet även få tid och plats för sina projekt. Projekt som att bygga ett sjukhus, ett slott eller en bilverkstad, barnet ser omvärlden men omvandlar den till egna inre bilder. I den här åldern kan barnet gå in och ur verkligheten hur som helst, en låda omvandlas lätt till ett flygplan om det är just det som behövs i leken. Att bygga och konstruera passar fyra-fem åringen. Bära, tänka, prata tillsammans med andra, lägga till, bygga om, vara färdig en stund för att sedan bygga om igen. Resultatet blev stora byggklossar i ett miljögodkänt plast material.</p> / <p>I have as a student at Carl Malmsten - Furniture Studies chosen to devote my graduation work to resolve the issue: How to make a tool for play, which leaves the interpretation of space and stimulates the child’s own imagination?</p><p>Children have an open mind while we through the years have been shaped to see things in a certain way. I would strike a blow for children’s play, imagination and their creativity. I’ve done that with a focus on children’s differenttypes of play and then mainly for:</p><ul><li>Character. (The child plays a role, alone or in interaction with other children)</li><li>Construction. (Children are experimenting and building with materials)</li><li>Movement (The movements are important)</li></ul><p>To find answers to the issue, I have done research in child development and play. I have read books and previously written reports on the matter. I also conductedan interview where I used predetermined questions and had a dialogue with the children. I then used my acquired knowledge in a design process to test the viability of providing play equipment that stimulates children’s imagination.</p><p>Playground equipment is something children often play on, they are usually stationary and addressed to the whole body. Examples of playground equipment are swings, climbing frames, sandpit, slide and swing boards.</p><p>Children between three and four years need much space to play and like real things to play with. The best thing is to make “real things”, to sweep or wash. It also applies to children between four and five years, but then the child must also be given time and place for their projects. Projects to build a hospital, a palace or a garage, the child sees the world, but transforms it into their own internal images. At this age the child can go in and out of reality in any case, a cardboardbox can easily be converted into an airplane if thats what is needed in the game. To build and construct is perfect for the four-five year old. Carry, think, talk with others, adding, upgrading, be ready for a while and then rebuild again. The result was large building blocks in an environmentally approved plastic material.</p> / Examensarbete - Ett lekredskap utan givna förutsättningar

Detta arbete har genomförts i samarbete med Ekdahls Möbler, ett företag verksamt i Småland som utvecklar och producerar möbler. Resultatet av detta projekt är att en stol för offentliga miljöer och med svanenmärkningens grundtankar och principer som ledord tagits fram. I utarbetningen av stolen anser jag att det bevisas att ett företag kommer tjäna pengar på att svanenmärka sina produkter. Kan då ett företag vinna på att svanenmärka sina produkter? I dagsläget ter det sig som marknaden för miljömedvetna möbler främst finns inom den offentliga miljön där man kan se en ökad efterfrågan efter mer miljöanpassade produkter. Offentlig upphandling sker för 500 miljarder i Sverige varje år så det finns både finansiella medel och efterfrågan. Eftersom efterfrågan förväntas växa kommer även behovet av miljöanpassade möbler att mer och mer uppstå på den marknad som rör möbler för hemmabruk. Som designer har man möjlighet att påverka en producent till ett val av mer miljömedvetna möbler genom att känna till de krav som svanenmärkningen ställer. Om det finns vetskap om kraven kan de tillämpas i ett tidigt stadium i designarbetet och utveckla produkten mot mer miljöanpassade möbler. Stolen har nu goda chanser att både komma i produktion och att svanenmärkas. Prototyper har tillverkats och dessa kommer att visas för första gången vid examensutställningen på Carl Malmsteens- Center för Träteknik och Design, 2008. / This work was carried out in cooperation with Ekdahls furniture, a company that designs and manufactures furniture in Småland. As a result of this project, a chair for public environments has been developed with the fundamental ideas and principles of the Swan ecolabel. In the development of the chair, I think that it proves that a company will earn money by having the Swan ecolabel on its products. Can a company then profit by marking its products with the Swan ecolabel? In the present situation it seems as though there is a market for environmentally-conscious furniture within the public environment first and foremost, where one can see an increased demand for more environmentally-suitable products. Public purchasing amounts to 500 billion SEK each year, so there are both the demand and financial means. Based on the fact that the demand is expected to increase, the need for environmentally-suitable furniture will increasingly arise in the market for furniture for home use. As a designer, one has the opportunity to influence a producer to select more environmentally-conscious furniture by recognising the demand that the Swan ecolabel creates. If there is knowledge of the demand, it can be applied at an early stage in the designprocess.   The chair now has a good chance of both entering into production and bearing the Swan ecolabel. Prototypes have been produced and they will be shown for the first time at the graduation exhibition at Carl Malmsten - Centre for Wood Technology and Design 2008.

<p>Detta arbete har genomförts i samarbete med Ekdahls Möbler, ett företag verksamt i Småland som utvecklar och producerar möbler. Resultatet av detta projekt är att en stol för offentliga miljöer och med svanenmärkningens grundtankar och principer som ledord tagits fram. I utarbetningen av stolen anser jag att det bevisas att ett företag kommer tjäna pengar på att svanenmärka sina produkter. Kan då ett företag vinna på att svanenmärka sina produkter? I dagsläget ter det sig som marknaden för miljömedvetna möbler främst finns inom den offentliga miljön där man kan se en ökad efterfrågan efter mer miljöanpassade produkter. Offentlig upphandling sker för 500 miljarder i Sverige varje år så det finns både finansiella medel och efterfrågan. Eftersom efterfrågan förväntas växa kommer även behovet av miljöanpassade möbler att mer och mer uppstå på den marknad som rör möbler för hemmabruk.</p><p>Som designer har man möjlighet att påverka en producent till ett val av mer miljömedvetna möbler genom att känna till de krav som svanenmärkningen ställer. Om det finns vetskap om kraven kan de tillämpas i ett tidigt stadium i designarbetet och utveckla produkten mot mer miljöanpassade möbler.</p><p>Stolen har nu goda chanser att både komma i produktion och att svanenmärkas. Prototyper har tillverkats och dessa kommer att visas för första gången vid examensutställningen på Carl Malmsteens- Center för Träteknik och Design, 2008.</p> / <p>This work was carried out in cooperation with Ekdahls furniture, a company that designs and manufactures furniture in Småland. As a result of this project, a chair for public environments has been developed with the fundamental ideas and principles of the Swan ecolabel. In the development of the chair, I think that it proves that a company will earn money by having the Swan ecolabel on its products. Can a company then profit by marking its products with the Swan ecolabel? In the present situation it seems as though there is a market for environmentally-conscious furniture within the public environment first and foremost, where one can see an increased demand for more environmentally-suitable products. Public purchasing amounts to 500 billion SEK each year, so there are both the demand and financial means. Based on the fact that the demand is expected to increase, the need for environmentally-suitable furniture will increasingly arise in the market for furniture for home use.</p><p>As a designer, one has the opportunity to influence a producer to select more environmentally-conscious furniture by recognising the demand that the Swan ecolabel creates. If there is knowledge of the demand, it can be applied at an early stage in the designprocess.</p><p> </p><p>The chair now has a good chance of both entering into production and bearing the Swan ecolabel. Prototypes have been produced and they will be shown for the first time at the graduation exhibition at Carl Malmsten - Centre for Wood Technology and Design 2008.</p>

Jag har som student på Carl Malsten - Furniture Studies valt att ägna mitt examensarbete åt att lösa frågan: Hur utformar man ett redskap för lek som lämnar tolknings utrymme och stimulerar barnets egna fantasi? Barn har ett öppet synsätt medans vi med åren blivit formade att se saker på ett visst sätt. Jag ville slå ett slag för barns lek, fantasi och deras skapande. Det har jag att gjort med fokus på barns olika typer av lek och då i huvudsak på: Rollek. (Barnet spelar en roll, själv eller i samspel med andra barn) Konstruktionslek. (Barnen experimenterar och bygger med material) Rörelselek (Rörelserna är det viktiga) För att hitta svar på frågeställningen har jag forskat i barns utveckling och lek. Jag har läst böcker och tidigare skrivna rapporter i ämnet samt utfört en intervju där jag med hjälp av förutbestämda frågor förde en dialog med målgruppen. Jag använde sedan mina inhämtade kunskaper i området för att i en designprocess testa möjligheterna att skapa lekredskap som stimulerar barns fantasi. Lekredskap är något barnen oftast leker på, de är oftast stationära och vänder sig till hela kroppen. Exempel på lekredskap är gungor, klätterställningar,sandlåda, rutschkana och gungbrädor. Barn mellan tre och fyra år behöver stor plats att leka på och gärna riktiga saker att leka med. Det roligaste är att få göra ”riktiga saker”, att få sopa, tvätta eller diska. Det gäller även för barn mellan fyra och fem år, men då måste barnet även få tid och plats för sina projekt. Projekt som att bygga ett sjukhus, ett slott eller en bilverkstad, barnet ser omvärlden men omvandlar den till egna inre bilder. I den här åldern kan barnet gå in och ur verkligheten hur som helst, en låda omvandlas lätt till ett flygplan om det är just det som behövs i leken. Att bygga och konstruera passar fyra-fem åringen. Bära, tänka, prata tillsammans med andra, lägga till, bygga om, vara färdig en stund för att sedan bygga om igen. Resultatet blev stora byggklossar i ett miljögodkänt plast material. / I have as a student at Carl Malmsten - Furniture Studies chosen to devote my graduation work to resolve the issue: How to make a tool for play, which leaves the interpretation of space and stimulates the child’s own imagination? Children have an open mind while we through the years have been shaped to see things in a certain way. I would strike a blow for children’s play, imagination and their creativity. I’ve done that with a focus on children’s differenttypes of play and then mainly for: Character. (The child plays a role, alone or in interaction with other children) Construction. (Children are experimenting and building with materials) Movement (The movements are important) To find answers to the issue, I have done research in child development and play. I have read books and previously written reports on the matter. I also conductedan interview where I used predetermined questions and had a dialogue with the children. I then used my acquired knowledge in a design process to test the viability of providing play equipment that stimulates children’s imagination. Playground equipment is something children often play on, they are usually stationary and addressed to the whole body. Examples of playground equipment are swings, climbing frames, sandpit, slide and swing boards. Children between three and four years need much space to play and like real things to play with. The best thing is to make “real things”, to sweep or wash. It also applies to children between four and five years, but then the child must also be given time and place for their projects. Projects to build a hospital, a palace or a garage, the child sees the world, but transforms it into their own internal images. At this age the child can go in and out of reality in any case, a cardboardbox can easily be converted into an airplane if thats what is needed in the game. To build and construct is perfect for the four-five year old. Carry, think, talk with others, adding, upgrading, be ready for a while and then rebuild again. The result was large building blocks in an environmentally approved plastic material. / Examensarbete - Ett lekredskap utan givna förutsättningar

The aim of this thesis is to describe and evaluate the usability of two Swedish systems, Sofie and Carlotta, which are used to organize and present data regarding museum objects on the web. This thesis also presents how objects are described and made accessible to the public in the two systems. To evaluate the usability, a heuristic method combined with Systematic Usability Evaluation has been used. The description and accessibility of object representations in the systems are evaluated using indexing and classification theories from the field of Library and Information Science. Additional theoretical background that has been used is how users search and browse information systems. Empirical data has been collected by observations made in the two systems as they are made available by Mölndals museum (Sofie) and Göteborgs Stadsmuseum (Carlotta). The results of this study show that the systems need to meet the requirements of the public, the end-users, to a larger extent. Sofie is easy to learn and to use, but over-simplifying the system negatively affects the possibility to effectively access data. Carlotta is a complex system that holds many possibilities to access semantically related data easily. The complexity of the system requires more information about the structure of the system and the different functions available for the user. The representations of objects need to be more consistent in order for the end-users to retrieve them by searching. Additional access points made possible by the implementation of a directory sorted by subject would be beneficial. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Computer use at work has risen considerably over the past fifteen years and is currently a relatively common phenomenon when 76 percent of women and 72 percent of men using the computer in their daily work (SCB Arbetsmiljörapport 2009).According to Gulliksen and Göransson (2009), Sweden is one of the countries which are more advanced in the procurement of computer systems at work. He means that Sweden has unique opportunities and conditions for user participation in the development of computer systems, when the user has the right to influence their working environment through a law in the Work Environment Act. The paper examines the importance of user involvement in system development and the Swedish company's approach and experience of user involvement. To highlight and explore the importance of user involvement, there has been a case study in which users have been representative of the development process. The case study has been conducted on a case company where the system IST analys was in need of a new interface. The development process has been as such that the developers have worked out their requirements before users have been interviewed and had to give their requirements. This is to compare the requirements of developers and users and whether users gave useful requirements.To investigate the Swedish company's approach to user participation has a questionnaire sent out and it has also been a discussion with two experienced system developers. The conclusion has been that it is advantageous to user participation in systems development but that it is important to have a controlled process that allows users to not steer too much.

Denna studie har som syfte att undersöka på vilket sätt muslimskt religionsutövande möjliggörs i en allsvensk fotbollsklubb. Forskningen som har gjorts är kvalitativ och har genomförts med hjälp av intervjuer samt en granskning av klubbens skrivna material i form av dess värdegrund. Resultatet har analyserats med hjälp av två teorier som ser olika på mångfald, dels en liberal multikulturalism och dels en radikal multikulturalism – baserade på en distrinktion mellan dessa båda av Anne Sofie Roald. Därtill har John Rawls rättviseteoretiska begrepp "ursprungspositionen" använts som analysverktyg. Det har framgått att den allsvenska klubben har en välkomnande attityd gentemot mångfald. Det har också framkommit att den står på en sekulär grund. Detta kan utgöra en problematisk plats för en muslimsk religionsutövande spelare. Analysen belyser att klubben erbjuder de muslimskt religionsutövande spelarna förutsättningar, men dessa inte är permanenta och det kan ifrågasätta den välkomnande attityden klubben vill förmedla.

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This dissertation comprises multiple studies surrounding the middle atmosphere's chemistry, composition, and dynamics. The middle atmosphere refers to the region from ~ 10 km to ~ 100 km and consists of the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Lower Thermosphere. The Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Thermosphere are bounded by pauses where the strongest changes in chemical composition, movement, density, and thermal behavior take place. While several studies in the past have investigated the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere and quantified the distribution of various species from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere, seasonal variations and redistribution of species resulting from transport events make it important to continuously monitor the middle atmosphere. Dynamic events such as Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSW) impact the temperature gradient and the zonal mean wind pattern in the stratopause. Descent events triggered by SSWs result in enhanced transport of species from the lower thermosphere to the stratosphere. Temperature increments during SSWs have an important impact on Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs), resulting in Antarctic ozone enhancement and a smaller ozone hole. The middle atmosphere is, thus, home to a diverse range of dynamics and chemistry, making it a critical subject that warrants attention from the science community. The continuous monitoring of the middle atmosphere is important to this end. Several satellite missions in the past have been dedicated to monitoring the middle atmosphere and collecting data for decades. However, continual revisions and revaluations of measurement approaches and the introduction of novel space instruments are necessary to compensate for the limitations associated with existing missions, expand the extant specimen database, and improve phenomenon-centric observations. The Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) is one of the two instruments on the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) spacecraft. The studies presented in this dissertation primarily focus on the use of SOFIE observations combined with results from other science missions, an atmospheric model, and other datasets. Chapter I is an overview of the research goals and the motivations that propelled this research. In Chapter II, a validation study of the Version 1.3 SOFIE ozone data against the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) ozone data is presented. The SOFIE-ACE and SOFIE-MIPAS data pairs demonstrate similar variability in the ozone vertical profile. SOFIE vertical ozone profiles agree best with ACE from 30 - 70 km and MIPAS from 30-64 km. The mean difference values averaged over all seasons and both hemispheres are typically < 24% with ACE and < 20 % with MIPAS. Atomic oxygen is an important species in the mesopause region (~ 80 – 100 km) that impacts the region's ozone photochemistry and radiative balance. In Chapter III, SOFIE ozone measurements used to derive daytime atomic oxygen are compared to coincident retrievals from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument and the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter radar (NRLMSIS 2.0) model. The datasets agree qualitatively. Results indicate a strong seasonal variation of atomic oxygen with summer and wintertime maxima at ~ 84 km and 94 km, respectively. The middle atmospheric composition is redistributed by the transport of species during SSWs. In Chapter IV, the 2019 SSW in the northern hemisphere that triggered a large transport event from the lower thermosphere to the stratosphere is evaluated using SOFIE, ACE, and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) observations. The event was similar to the major SSW-triggered descent events in the northern hemisphere since 2004 and led to the enhancement of nitric oxide produced by Energetic Particle Precipitation, attributed to unusual meteorology. The transport peak descended by ~ 5-6 km every 10 days. An SSW event occurred in the southern hemisphere in 2019 and led to enhanced ozone in the stratosphere. In Chapter V, satellite instruments, ground station data, and measurements from NASA Ozone Watch are used to conclude that large temperature increments evaporated PSCs, resulting in the lower conversion of halogen reservoir species into ozone-destroying forms. Thus, a large ozone enhancement was recorded in 2019. Chapter VI concludes all findings and Chapter VII summarizes future work. / Doctor of Philosophy / The middle atmosphere is the region between ~ 10 and 100 km in the atmosphere and is comprised of the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Lower Thermosphere. The middle atmosphere is a dynamic region, and the chemistry of this region is subject to variations occurring naturally or those triggered by anomalous events such as Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSW). Several species in the middle atmosphere need to be measured continuously or reevaluated for improved understanding. Dynamical events in the middle atmosphere are responsible for transporting and redistributing species in the middle atmosphere. Thus, the continuous monitoring of the middle atmosphere is necessary. Novel approaches with improved techniques and approaches are thus important to explore the middle atmosphere and quantify the chemistry of the region. The Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) instrument is an instrument onboard the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) spacecraft. SOFIE typically measures at high latitudes and looks at a wide range of wavelengths. This dissertation uses SOFIE and other datasets to evaluate the varying chemistry and dynamics of the middle atmosphere. The dissertation addresses four research problems and assimilates them to evaluate the middle atmosphere. Ozone is an important species in the middle atmosphere, which is present in the highest quantity in the stratosphere, followed by the lower thermosphere (~ 85 – 100 km). Ozone is important as it absorbs ultraviolet radiations and impacts the stratospheric radiative balance. Missions in the past have monitored ozone in the middle atmosphere. Novel approaches and improved observation techniques to compensate for the limitations of past missions and the continuous measurement of ozone are necessary. Thus, ozone retrievals from SOFIE are validated against independent and established datasets to demonstrate the robustness and usability of the SOFIE ozone data product within the atmospheric science community. Atomic oxygen is an important species in the mesopause region (~ 80 – 100 km) because of its role in ozone photochemistry and impact on the radiative balance of the region. It is technologically challenging to make direct measurements of atomic oxygen; thus, most conventionally, derived measurements and model results are used. To this date, atomic oxygen has been understood in a limited capacity with several inaccuracies. To improve the understanding of atomic oxygen and fill the current knowledge gaps, atomic oxygen is derived from SOFIE ozone measurements during the daytime using the Chapman equations for ozone photochemistry. Further, the derived atomic oxygen is compared to other established datasets from satellite instrument-derived measurements and model predictions. The seasonal variability of atomic oxygen is evaluated with a focus on the difference in its behavior during summer and winter. Lastly, inter-hemispheric differences in atomic oxygen distribution are evaluated. Apart from the natural atmospheric variation in species, SSW-triggered transport events redistribute species in the atmosphere. The 2019 SSW event in the northern hemisphere was similar to those in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2013. Large quantities of nitric oxide were transported from the lower thermosphere to the stratosphere. Air poor in water vapor and methane was also transported. Atomic oxygen was transported from the lower thermosphere to several kilometers below in amounts higher than usual. The increased nitric oxide concentration in the stratosphere due to the transport catalytically destroyed the ozone in the region. The vertical transport rates were calculated to understand the speed of the descent. The low geomagnetic index in 2019, like in all years besides 2004, indicates that these events are attributed to unusual meteorology. An SSW event took place in the southern hemisphere in 2019 during the Antarctic winter. This led to a large increase in temperature, which evaporated the Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs). PSCs provide their surface for converting halogen reservoir species into ozone-destroying reactive forms. The absence of PSCs during and immediately after the SSW event led to a lower conversion of halogen reservoir species into reactive forms. Satellite instrument measurements agree with theoretical expectations. The 2002 SSW in the SH led to similar outcomes and are compared to the 2019 event. Large enhancements in ozone in 2019 led to the smallest ozone hole since ~ 1982.

The master's thesis called Sofie Podlipská. Public Activities in the Light of Historical Documents makes a contribution to the history of Czech women's emancipation. It deals with Sofie Podlipská and her social, literary, and cultural activities. She is presented as an independent and creative woman who gained the respect of society as a writer and philanthropist and, at the same time, managed to combine motherhood with her career. Anthropological reflection of the life story of Sofie Podlipská in the context of her social activities is the substantial part of the thesis as well as the reflection of the key factors that helped shape her opinions, attitudes and viewpoints. The major part of the thesis is the description of these activities as reflected in historical resources that have survived in the Literary Archive of the Museum of Czech Literature and the Náprstek Museum of Asian, African and American Cultures. Research perspectives that open possibilities for future studies and the interpretation of existing archival documents of the Literary Archive of the Museum of Czech Literature and the Podještědské Museum in Český Dub are also significant parts of the thesis. KEY WORDS Sofie Podlipská, 19th century, self-reflection, ego-documents, marriage, family, emancipation, society, fellowship,...