Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1735506 bytes, checksum: 2f6410b3563d373c1c4860171aea2fee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this thesis was to characterize, in a three phases hydroponic system using sprout as a propagation material, the effect of nitrogen (N) on the fourth leaf from the apex (MS4F) N content and indicate the possible indexes to be used in the N diagnosis and to prognosis the potato tuber basic seed yield. Additionally, the objective was to determine the N rate to be applied continuously throughout the crop cycle in order to maximize the tuber production. The experiment was conducted in a non-heated greenhouse at the Federal University of Viçosa, located in UTM coordinate plane N = 7703227.057 m, E = 721773.150 m, referenced to the geodetic system WGS84, Zone 23S, with an average elevation of 649 m. The experiment consisted of two phases. The first was up to 21 days after sprout transplanting (DAT). The second, continuously at first, was from 21 to 55 DAT, when the plants were dry, and the tubers were harvest. In the first phase were evaluated four treatments in 12 repetitions in a randomized block design. The treatments were four levels of nitrogen (N): 0, 60, 100 and 200% of the 13.0 mmol L-1 N rate, considered as normal, applied continuously during the cycle. At this stage, measurements were made in the fourth leaf (4F) of the potato plant in order to generate indices of nitrogen. At 21 DAT, indices were evaluated in the plant and in the fourth leaf (4F). The evaluted indices in the plant were: total area of leaves (ATF), the dry mass of root (MSR), stem (MSH), leaves (MSF) and total (MST), number of leaves (NFP) and stem length (CH). In the fourth leaf were determined: area (A4F), thickness (E4F), number of leaflets (NF4F), length between node 4F (CEN), diameter of between node (DEN), dry matter (MS4F), intensity of green in the color table (TC), nitrogen balance index (NBI), chlorophyll (ICHL) of flavonols (IFLV), SPAD (IS) and nitrogen content (TN4F). The second phase began immediately after the assessments above mentioned with the treatments being the four previous N rates plus four N combination rates (100-0, 100-30, 100-60 and 100-200%). In the combination, the first rate was used up to 21 DAT and the second one up to the harvest. Thus, in the second phase were evaluated eight treatments, six repetitions in a randomized block design. In this second phase were evaluated: number of tubers (NT) and masses of fresh material (MFTU) and dried tubers (MSTU), root (MSR), stem (MSH) and leaf (MSF). The results were submitted to analysis of variance, regression and Dunnett test at 5% probability. At 21 DAT, the variables were significantly influenced by N rates, except ICHL measured by Dualex®. The characteristic values evaluated at 21 DAT are presented in a table as low, medium, good and great according to the N content in the MS4F due to the chronic deficiency (no N), sub-threshold (60% of the rate considered normal), threshold (100% of the rate considered normal) and without deficiency or excess (optimal dose), respectively. Among the non-destructive characteristics, CEN, DEN, and E4F presented higher coefficient of linear correlation (p<0.01) with the N content in the fourth leaf (TN4F), which can be used in the diagnosis of N status of potato plant. Except for CEN, DEN, CH, TC, E4F, NBI, IFLV and TN4F, there was a significant correlation between NT or MFTU with the other characteristics evaluated at 21 DAT that can be used in predicting the tuber yield. The rate of color intensity in the fourth leaf (TC) correlated significantly with NT, however, there was no significant correlation with MFTU. The SPAD index only significantly correlated with NT. For the purpose of prognosis for both NT and MFTU, it is recommended the index leaflet number in the fourth leaf (NF4F) because it allied two characteristics: non-destructive index and p<0.01. There was significant treatment effects on all variables at harvest. The optimal rate to be applied continuously to maximize of tuber fresh matter mass is 25.8 mmol L-1 N. / O objetivo desta dissertação foi caracterizar, em sistema hidropônico de três fases, utilizando-se broto como estrutura de propagação, o efeito de doses de nitrogênio (N) sobre o teor de N na matéria seca da quarta folha a partir do ápice (MS4F) e indicar índices possíveis de serem usados no diagnóstico do estado de N e no prognóstico da produção de tubérculos-sementes de batata da categoria básica. Adicionalmente, objetivou-se determinar a dose de N para ser aplicada continuamente ao longo do ciclo de cultivo visando a maximização da produção de tubérculos. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido do tipo capela, não climatizado, na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, localizada na coordenada plana UTM N= 7703227,057m, E= 721773,150m, referenciado ao sistema geodésico WGS84, zona 23S, com altitude média de 649 m. O experimento constou de duas fases. A primeira foi até 21 dias após o transplantio (DAT) dos brotos. A segunda, de forma contínua à primeira, foi dos 21 aos 55 DAT, quando as plantas estavam secas, realizando-se a colheita dos tubérculos. Na primeira fase foram avaliados quatro tratamentos em 12 repetições no delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos foram quatro doses de nitrogênio (N): 0, 60, 100 e 200 % da dose de 13,0 mmol L-1 de N, considerada como normal, aplicadas continuamente durante o ciclo. Nesta fase foram realizadas medições na quarta folha (4F) da planta de batata com o objetivo de gerar índices de nitrogênio. Aos 21 DAT, foram avaliados índices na planta e na quarta folha (4F). Os índices na planta foram: área total de folhas (ATF), massas de matérias secas de raiz (MSR), haste (MSH), folhas (MSF) e total (MST), número de folhas (NFP) e comprimento da haste (CH). Na quarta folha foram determinados: área (A4F), espessura (E4F), número de folíolos (NF4F), comprimento entre nó 4F (CEN), diâmetro do entre nó (DEN), massa da matéria seca (MS4F), intensidade do verde na tabela de cor (TC), índices de balanço do nitrogênio (NBI), de clorofila (ICHL), de flavonóis (IFLV), SPAD (IS) e teor de nitrogênio (TN4F). A segunda fase começou imediatamente após as avaliações acima citadas com as quatro doses de N da fase inicial mais quatro combinações de doses de N (100-0; 100-30; 100-60 e 100-200 %). Na combinação, a primeira dose foi usada até 21 DAT e a segunda até a colheita. Assim, na segunda fase foram avaliados oito tratamentos, em 6 repetições, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Nessa segunda fase foram avaliados: número de tubérculos (NT) e massas das matérias frescas (MFTU) e secas de tubérculos (MSTU), raiz (MSR), haste (MSH) e folha (MSF). Os resultados foram submetidos às análises de variância, regressão e teste de Dunnett a 5 % de probabilidade. Aos 21 DAT, as variáveis foram significativamente influenciadas por doses de N, exceto o ICHL medido pelo Dualex®. Os valores das características avaliadas aos 21 DAT são apresentados em uma tabela de classificação em baixo, médio, bom e ótimo de acordo com os teores de N na MS4F provocados pela deficiência crônica (ausência de N), sub-limiar (60 % da dose considerada normal), limiar (100 % da dose considerada normal) e sem deficiência ou sem excesso (dose ótima), respectivamente. Dentre as características não destrutivas, CEN, DEN, e E4F apresentaram maior coeficiente de correlação linear (p<0,01) com o teor de N na quarta folha (TN4F), sendo possível serem utilizadas no diagnóstico do estado de N da batata. Exceto para CEN, DEN, CH, TC, E4F, NBI, IFLV e TN4F, houve correlação significativa entre NT ou MFTU com as demais características avaliadas aos 21 DAT as quais podem ser usadas no prognóstico da produção de tubérculos. Os índices massa da matéria seca da haste (MSH) e massa da matéria seca de folhas (MSF) correlacionaram significativamente com MFTU, entretanto, não houve correlação significativa com NT. Já o índice SPAD somente correlacionou significativamente com NT. Para efeito de prognóstico, tanto para NT e MFTU, recomenda-se o índice número de folíolos na quarta folha (NF4F), porque aliou duas características: índice não destrutivo e p<0,01. Houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre todas as variáveis analisadas na colheita. A dose ótima a ser aplicada continuamente para maximizar a massa da matéria fresca de tubérculos é 25,8 mmol L-1 de N.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_alberto_bohn.pdf: 586241 bytes, checksum: 0568eec20a5d22d087fb11ebc9a8fb75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-17 / The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Embrapa Clima Temperado/Lowlands and Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Department of Plant Science, UFPel. Different densities in the soil seeds (T1 - 777.70 kg.ha-1; T2 - 736.63 kg.ha-1; T3 - 624.59 kg.ha-1 and T4 - 234.42 kg.ha-1) were tested in annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in succession to soybean crop. Forage harvesting has occurred twice and after the second defoliation, were tested different levels of urea (null; 45; 90 and 135 kg.ha-1). The highest densities produced more rapid crop establishment and greater mass of harvested forage, both at first and in the second cut. In this sense, from the application of different doses of urea was found, only significant effect of nitrogen on seed yield, so the addition of a unit of urea increased by 1.7 units seeds. Occurred relationship between levels of SPAD when the assessment was conducted before flowering. Prior to harvest seed regression models between SPAD and urea levels were not significant. The seed physiologic quality was not affected by the levels of in the soil seeds and urea. / O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental da Embrapa Clima Temperado/Terras Baixas e no Laboratório de Análises de Sementes do departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel. Foram avaliadas diferentes densidades de sementes no solo (T1 - 777,70 Kg.ha-1; T2 - 736,63 Kg.ha-1; T3 - 624,59 Kg.ha-1 e T4 - 234,42 Kg.ha-1) de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) em sucessão a cultura da soja. Ocorreu a colheita de forragem em duas ocasiões e, após a segunda desfolha, utilizada diferentes doses de ureia (zero; 45; 90 e 135 kg.ha-1). As maiores densidades proporcionaram mais rápido estabelecimento da cultura e maior massa de forragem colhida, tanto no primeiro, quanto no segundo corte. Neste sentido, a partir da aplicação das diferentes doses de ureia verificou-se, apenas, efeito significativo do nitrogênio sobre o rendimento de sementes, de modo que o acréscimo de uma unidade de ureia aumentou 1,7 unidades de sementes. Através do clorofilômetro foi possível predizer o rendimento de sementes pelos níveis de SPAD, quando comparadas antes do florescimento. Previamente a colheita da semente os modelos de regressão entre SPAD e níveis de nitrogênio não foram significativos. A qualidade fisiológica da semente não influenciada pelos fatores avaliados.

La tomographie d'émission par positrons (TEP) se distingue des autres modalités d'imagerie par sa capacité à localiser et quantifier la présence de molécules marquées, appelées radiotraceurs, au sein d'un organisme. Cette capacité à mesurer l'activité biologique des différents tissus d'un sujet apporte des informations uniques et essentielles à l'étude de tumeurs cancéreuses, au fonctionnement du cerveau et de ses maladies neurodégénératives et de la pharmacodynamique de nouveaux médicaments. Depuis les tout débuts de la TEP, les scientifiques rêvent de pouvoir utiliser l'information de temps de vol des photons pour améliorer la qualité de l'image TEP. L'arrivée des photodiodes avalanche monophotoniques (PAMP), rend maintenant ce rêve possible. Ces dispositifs détectent la faible émission de lumière des scintillateurs et présentent une réponse grandement amplifiée avec une faible incertitude temporelle. Mais le potentiel des PAMP n'est pas encore entièrement exploré. Plutôt que de faire la somme des courants d'une matrice de PAMP, il est possible d'utiliser leur nature intrinsèquement binaire afin de réaliser un photodétecteur numérique capable de déterminer avec précision le temps d'arrivée de chaque photon de scintillation. Toutefois, la conception de matrices de PAMP numériques en est encore à ses débuts, et les outils de conception se font rares. Ce projet de doctorat propose un simulateur facilitant la conception de matrices de PAMP, que celles-ci soient analogiques ou numériques. Avec cet outil, l'optimisation d'une matrice de PAMP numérique basée dans une technologie Teledyne DALSA HV CMOS \SI{0,8}{\micro\metre} est proposée. En plus de guider les choix de conception de l'équipe, cette optimisation permet de mieux comprendre quels paramètres influencent les performances du détecteur. De plus, puisque le photodétecteur n'est pas l'unique acteur des performances d'un détecteur TEP, une étude sur l'impact des scintillateurs est aussi présentée. Cette étude vérifie l'amélioration apportée par l'intégration de photons prompts dans des scintillateurs LYSO. Enfin, une approche novatrice pour discriminer l'énergie des évènements TEP basée sur l'information temporelle des photons de scintillation a été développée et vérifiée à l'aide du simulateur. Bien que ce simulateur et les études réalisées dans le cadre de cette thèse soient concentrés sur des détecteurs TEP, l'utilité des PAMP et du simulateur ne se limite pas à cette application. Les matrices de PAMP sont prisées pour le développement de détecteur en physique des particules, physique nucléaire, informatique quantique, LIDAR et bien d'autres. / Abstract : Positron emission tomography (PET) stands out among other imaging modalities by its ability to locate and quantify the presence of marked molecules, called radiotracers, within an organism. The capacity to measure biological activity of various organic tissues provides unique information, essential to the study of cancerous tumors, brain functions and the pharmacodynamics of new medications. Since the very beginings of PET, scientists dreamed of using the photon's time-of-flight information to improve PET images. With the recent progress of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD), this dream is now possible. These photodetectors detect the scintillators' low light emission and offers a greatly amplified response with only a small time uncertainty. However the potential of SPAD has not yet been entirely explored. Instead of summing the currents of a SPAD array, it is possible to use their intrinsically binary operation to build a digital photodetector, able to establish with precision the time of arrival of each scintillation photon. With this information, the time-of-flight measurements will be much more precise. Yet the design of digital SPAD arrays is in its infancy and design tools for this purpose are rare. This project proposes a simulator to aid the design of SPAD arrays, both analog and digital. With this tool, we propose an optimised design for a digital SPAD array fabricated in Teledyne Dalsa HV CMOS \SI{0.8}{\micro\metre} technology. In addition to guiding the design choices of our team, this optimisation led to a better understanding which parameters influence the performance of a PET detector. In addition, since the photodetector is not the sole actor in the performance of a PET detector, a study on the effect of scintillators is also presented. This study evaluates the improvement brought by incorporating a prompt photon emission mechanism in LYSO crystals. Finally, we describe a novel approach to energy discrimination based on the timing information of scintillation photons was developped and tested using the simulator. While this simulator and the studies presented in this thesis focus on PET detectors, SPAD are not limited to this sole application. SPAD arrays are promising for a wide variety of fields, including particle physics, high energy physics, quantum computing, LIDAR and many more.

Dagvatten transporteras via dagvattenbrunnar in i ledningsnät och bort från betongytor. Problem uppstår då dessa sätter igen vilket leder till att vägar och bostäder kan översvämmas. Detta medför ett behov att övervaka när dagvattenbrunnarna sätter igen. Sundsvalls kommun har tillsammans med Mittuniversitet använt sig av differentiella tryckgivare för att mäta vattennivåer i syfte att detektera när dagvattenbrunnarna sätter igen. Tryckgivaren fungera bra under sommartid men ger felaktiga utslag under vintern. Det har därmed föreslagits en kontakt fri lösningsmetod som omfattar ToF LiDAR sensorn VL53L1X. ToF LiDAR sensorer används för att bestämma avstånd till objekt, eftersom dessa inte vanligtvis appliceras inom vattennivåmätningar är detta en ny metod i det området. Syftet med arbetet var att utreda ifall ToF LiDAR sensorn VL53L1X kunde användas för att mäta vattennivåer samt avgöra om den kan tillämpas för övervakning av dagvatten under sommar- och vintertid. Övergripande mål var att utreda ifall sensorn kunde implementeras i en nod. Ett flertal förstudier gjordes för att utreda vilka faktorer som påverkade mätresultatet och för att karakterisera sensorns konfigurering för att anpassa sensorn för vattennivåmätningar i avsikt att effektivisera mätmetoden. Det framgick av förstudierna att faktorerna vattengrumlighet, solljus och avstånd till mätobjektet påverkade mätningarna så att mätresultatet försämrades. Det har konstaterats med arbetet som underlag att sensorn kan mäta vattennivåer och kan tillämpas för att övervaka dagvattennivåer. Mätresultat vid vattennivåmätningar kan åstadkommas med en mätnoggrannhet på ca 28 mm och ett mätfel på ca 46 mm. Mätresultatet gäller under omständigheterna att vattnet är rent, under påverkan av solljus samt att sensorns höjdposition är maximalt 90 cm. / Stormwater is transported through stormwater wells into a passage system and away from concrete surfaces. Problem emerges when these clog and causes flooding on roads and housings. These convey a necessity for monitoring the wells so that they do not clog. Sundsvall municipality has together with Mittuniversitet, used differential pressure sensors to measure water levels to detect when the stormwater wells clog. The differential pressure sensor operates well under summer season but during winter, it gives inadequate readings. Therefore, a contact free method has been suggested, that comprises the ToF LiDAR sensor VL53L1X. ToF LiDAR sensors are applied to determine distances, and are not usually used to measure water levels, therefore the suggested method is novice method for these types of applications. The purpose of the study was to investigate if the ToF LiDAR sensor VL53L1X could be used to measure water levels and to decide if it can be applied for monitoring of stormwater during summer- and winter season. The overall purpose was to investigate if the sensor could be implemented in a node. Various pre-studies were done to examine what factors could influence the measurement results and to characterize the sensor configuration to adapt the sensor for water level measurements to increase the effectiveness of the measuring method. The outcome of the pre-studies was that the factors water turbidity, sunlight, and distance to measuring object influenced the measurements so that the measuring results became inferior. It has been established with the studies as ground that the sensor can measure water levels and that it can be applied to monitor stormwater levels. The measuring result when applied to water level measuring could be obtained with an accuracy of approximately 28 mm and an error of approximately 46 mm. The measuring result apply during the conditions that the water is clean, with influence of sunlight and given that the sensor height position is maximum 90 cm.

Fluorescence based analysis is a fundamental research technique used in the life sciences. However, conventional fluorescence intensity measurements are prone to misinterpretation due to illumination and fluorophore concentration non-uniformities. Thus, there is a growing interest in time-resolved fluorescence detection, whereby the characteristic fluorescence decay time-constant (or lifetime) in response to an impulse excitation source is measured. The sensitivity of a sample’s lifetime properties to the micro-environment provides an extremely powerful analysis tool. However, current fluorescence lifetime analysis equipment tends to be bulky, delicate and expensive, thereby restricting its use to research laboratories. Progress in miniaturisation of biological and chemical analysis instrumentation is creating low-cost, robust and portable diagnostic tools capable of high-throughput, with reduced reagent quantities and analysis times. Such devices will enable point-of-care or in-the-field diagnostics. It was the ultimate aim of this project to produce an integrated fluorescence lifetime analysis system capable of sub-nano second precision with an instrument measuring less than 1cm3, something hitherto impossible with existing approaches. To accomplish this, advances in the development of AlInGaN micro-LEDs and high sensitivity CMOS detectors have been exploited. CMOS allows electronic circuitry to be integrated alongside the photodetectors and LED drivers to produce a highly integrated system capable of processing detector data directly without the need for additional external hardware. In this work, a 16x4 array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) integrated in a 0.35μm high-voltage CMOS technology has been implemented which incorporates two 9-bit, in-pixel time-gated counter circuits, with a resolution of 400ps and on-chip timing generation, in order to directly process fluorescence decay data. The SPAD detector can accurately capture fluorescence lifetime data for samples with concentrations down to 10nM, demonstrated using colloidal quantum dot and conventional fluorophores. The lifetimes captured using the on-chip time gated counters are shown to be equivalent to those processed using commercially available external time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) hardware. A compact excitation source, capable of producing sub-nano second optical pulses, was designed using AlInGaN micro-LEDs bump-bonded to a CMOS driver backplane. A series of driver array designs are presented which are electrically contacted to an equivalent array of micro-LEDs emitting at a wavelength of 370nm. The final micro-LED driver design is capable of producing optical pulses of 300ps in width (full width half maximum, FWHM) and a maximum DC optical output power of 550μW, this is, to the best of our knowledge, the shortest reported optical pulse from a CMOS driven micro-LED device. By integrating an array of CMOS SPAD detectors and an array of CMOS driven AlInGaN micro-LEDs, a complete micro-system for time-resolved fluorescence analysis has been realised. Two different system configurations are evaluated and the ability of both topologies to accurately capture lifetime data is demonstrated. By making use of standard CMOS foundry technologies, this work opens up the possibility of a low-cost, portable chemical/bio-diagnostic device. These first-generation prototypes described herein demonstrate the first time-resolved fluorescence lifetime analysis using an integrated micro-system approach. A number of possible design improvements have been identified which could significantly enhance future device performance resulting in increased detector and micro-LED array density, improved time-gate resolution, shorter excitation pulse widths with increased optical output power and improved excitation light filtering. The integration of sample handling elements has also been proposed, allowing the sample of interest to be accurately manipulated within the micro-environment during investigation.

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do uso de quelatos de ferro no cultivo hidropônico de rúcula em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições e 6 tratamentos: Fe-IDHA (ácido D,L aspártico, N-(1,2 dicarboxietil) tetra sódico), Fe-EDTA (ácido etilenodiamino tetra acetic), Fe-ORGÂNICO (a base de aminoácidos), Fe-EDDHA (ácido etilenodiamino - di (o - hidroxifenil-acético o-o 4,8%) e Fe-HBED (ácido N, n`-Bis (2-Hidroxibenzil) N- etilenodiamina n`dipropiônico) e testemunha (sem adição de ferro). O primeiro experimento foi conduzido no período de 8 de maio a 7 de junho de 2012 e o segundo entre 13 de junho e 13 de julho de 2012. As mudas de rúcula, da cultivar \"Folha Larga\", foram transplantadas aos 10 DAS. As avaliações biométricas foram realizadas aos 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias após o transplante (DAT) para: altura das plantas, número de folhas, área foliar, massa fresca e seca das folhas e massa seca das raízes. Aos 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias após o transplante (DAT) foram determinados o índice relativo de clorofila (IRC) e os teores de nitrogênio e ferro das folhas. Todos os quelatos possibilitaram fornecimento suficiente de ferro para o adequado crescimento e produtividade de rúcula em NFT. Plantas submetidas aos tratamentos Fe-HBED e Fe-EDDHA foram estatisticamente semelhantes ao quelato Fe-EDTA e Fe-ORGÂNICO, mas superiores ao Fe-IDHA e testemunha em relação ao crescimento. / Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of using iron chelates in hydroponic rocket salad in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replications and six treatments: Fe-IDHA, Fe-EDTA, Fe-ORGÂNIC, Fe-EDDHA and Fe-HBED) and control. The first experiment was conducted from May 8 to June 7, 2012 and the second between 13 June and 13 July 2012. The seedlings of rocket salad variety Folha Larga were transplanted at 10 DAS. The biometric evaluations were performed at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 DAT, and analyzed to: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and dry weight of roots. At 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT) were determined relative chlorophyll index (RCI) and nitrogen and iron contents of the leaves. All chelates made it possible sufficient supply of iron for the adequate growth and productivity of rocket in NFT. Plants subjected to treatments Fe-HBED and Fe- EDDHA were statistically similar to chelate Fe-EDTA and Fe-ORGANIC, but higher than the Fe-IDHA and control in relation to growth.

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do uso de quelatos de ferro no cultivo hidropônico de rúcula em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições e 6 tratamentos: Fe-IDHA (ácido D,L aspártico, N-(1,2 dicarboxietil) tetra sódico), Fe-EDTA (ácido etilenodiamino tetra acetic), Fe-ORGÂNICO (a base de aminoácidos), Fe-EDDHA (ácido etilenodiamino - di (o - hidroxifenil-acético o-o 4,8%) e Fe-HBED (ácido N, n`-Bis (2-Hidroxibenzil) N- etilenodiamina n`dipropiônico) e testemunha (sem adição de ferro). O primeiro experimento foi conduzido no período de 8 de maio a 7 de junho de 2012 e o segundo entre 13 de junho e 13 de julho de 2012. As mudas de rúcula, da cultivar \"Folha Larga\", foram transplantadas aos 10 DAS. As avaliações biométricas foram realizadas aos 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias após o transplante (DAT) para: altura das plantas, número de folhas, área foliar, massa fresca e seca das folhas e massa seca das raízes. Aos 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias após o transplante (DAT) foram determinados o índice relativo de clorofila (IRC) e os teores de nitrogênio e ferro das folhas. Todos os quelatos possibilitaram fornecimento suficiente de ferro para o adequado crescimento e produtividade de rúcula em NFT. Plantas submetidas aos tratamentos Fe-HBED e Fe-EDDHA foram estatisticamente semelhantes ao quelato Fe-EDTA e Fe-ORGÂNICO, mas superiores ao Fe-IDHA e testemunha em relação ao crescimento. / Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficiency of using iron chelates in hydroponic rocket salad in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replications and six treatments: Fe-IDHA, Fe-EDTA, Fe-ORGÂNIC, Fe-EDDHA and Fe-HBED) and control. The first experiment was conducted from May 8 to June 7, 2012 and the second between 13 June and 13 July 2012. The seedlings of rocket salad variety Folha Larga were transplanted at 10 DAS. The biometric evaluations were performed at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 DAT, and analyzed to: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and dry weight of roots. At 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT) were determined relative chlorophyll index (RCI) and nitrogen and iron contents of the leaves. All chelates made it possible sufficient supply of iron for the adequate growth and productivity of rocket in NFT. Plants subjected to treatments Fe-HBED and Fe- EDDHA were statistically similar to chelate Fe-EDTA and Fe-ORGANIC, but higher than the Fe-IDHA and control in relation to growth.

Nous présentons une caméra à balayage de fente intégrée basée sur un système de comptage de photon unique résolu en temps (TCSPC-SC) employant l'architecture linéaire « streak » pour surmonter la limitation de l'espace inhérent aux systèmes TCSPC bidimensionnels. Cette solution permet l'intégration de fonctionnalités électroniques complexes dans les pixels sans l'inconvénient d'un faible facteur de remplissage conduisant à une faible efficacité de détection. Le TCSPC-SC se compose de deux blocs principaux: une photodiode à avalanche (SPAD) et un bloc de mesure de temps, les deux blocs sont intégrés en technologie 180 nm CMOS standard. La structure de la SPAD utilisée a été sélectionnée parmi 6 structures différentes après un processus de caractérisation précise et approfondie. Le bloc de mesure du temps se compose d'un TOC hybride capable d'atteindre des résolutions de temps élevées et ajustables avec une large dynamique de mesure grâce à un système de conversion de temps (TOC) hybride qui combine l'approche analogique basée sur un convertisseur de temps vers amplitude(TAC), et les approches numériques utilisant une boucle à verrouillage de retard (DLL) et un compteur numérique. Le TOC hybride a été spécialement conçu pour être utilisé dans un système TCSPC qui intègre une ligne de TOC nécessitant ainsi une conception appropriée pour limiter la consommation d'énergie et la surface d'occupation et parvenir à une architecture flexible et facilement extensible. Suite à la conception et la réalisation de ces deux blocs dans une technologie180 nm CMOS standard, une structure de test de la caméra à balayage de fente (TCSPC-SC) qui englobe 8 unités a été réalisée dans le but final de mettre en œuvre un modèle TCSPC-SC complet et plus large. / In this work we present a TCSPC Streak Camera (TCSPC-SC) that takes advantage of the streak mode imaging ta overcome the space limitation inherent ta 20 TCSPC sensor arrays. This cost-effective solution allows the integration of complex functionalities in the pixel without the inconvenience of low fill factor that leads ta low detection efficiency. The TCSPC~SC consists of two main building blacks: a SPAD and a time measurement black bath integrated in 180 nm Standard CMOS technology. The SPAD was selected among 6 different SPAD structures following a thorough characterization process ta fully determine its performance figures. The time measurement black consists of a hybrid TOC capable of achieving high adjustable time resolutions with large dynamic range owing ta a time conversion scheme that combines traditional Analog Time to Amplitude Converter (TAC), Digital DLL-based and counter-based TOC. Furthermore, thehybrid TOC was especially designed ta be used in a TCSPC system that incorporates an array of TDCs which required a careful design ta limit power consumption and occupation area in order to achieve a flexible and easily scalable architecture. These two building blacks were bath fabricated in a 180 nm standard CMOS technology and employed ta demonstrate a TCSPC Streak Camera(TCSPC-SC) test structure that englobes 8 units in order ta demonstrate the system's operation principle with the final aim of implementing a complete and bigger TCSPC-SC model in the near future

The purpose of this master’s thesis is comparison of selected methods for prediction of the capital markets. It is about technical analysis methods, used to predict trend of share prices of the capital market and finding entry signals to buy stock and exit sinals to sell stock. Methods are analyzed for selected stock from SPAD, which is part of Prague Stock Exchange.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is an imaging modality that is able to provide key insights into subcellular processes. When used to measure Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), for instance, it can discern protein-protein interactions and conformational changes. This kind of information is highly useful in the drug screening process in order to determine the effectiveness of drug leads and their mechanisms of action. FLIM has yet to be successfully translated to high-content screening (HCS) platforms due to the high throughput and fine temporal and spatial resolution requirements of HCS. Our prototype HCS FLIM system uses a time-resolving instrument called a streak camera to multiplex the FLIM scanning process, allowing for 100 confocal spots to be simultaneously scanned across a sample. There have been a few major advancements to the prototype. First the fiber array used to connect the fluorescence channels to the streak camera was characterized. Its alternating fiber delay scheme was successful in greatly reducing optical crosstalk between adjacent channels. Next, an optical beam scanner for parallel excitation beams was designed and implemented, greatly improving the possible scan speeds of the system. The streak camera was upgraded to a higher repetition rate sweep, and modifications to system components and reconstruction procedures were made to accommodate the new sweep unit. A single-photon avalanche diode array was also tested as a possible replacement for the streak camera, and was found to offer photon detection efficiency advantages. Finally, improvements were made to the excitation power and optical throughput of the system in order to reduce the required exposure time. These advances to the prototype system bring it closer to realizing the requirements of HCS FLIM, and provide a clear picture for future improvements and research directions. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Fluorescent proteins are commonly used to tag subcellular targets so that they can easily be distinguished with a fluorescence microscope. While this can help visualize where different organelles and proteins are located in the cell, a great deal more information can be gained by measuring the fluorescence lifetime at each point in the sample, which is highly sensitive to the microenvironment. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has the potential to be a powerful technique for testing drug leads in the drug discovery process, although current FLIM systems are not able to provide the high throughput speeds and high temporal resolution required for drug screening. This thesis project has succeeded in improving a highly parallel FLIM microscope by reducing inter-channel crosstalk, implementing an optical scanner, improving power and optical throughput, and investigating future time-resolving instruments. This progress has brought the prototype setup closer to being used in a drug screening environment.