Public Self Service Technology (SST) has become an important part of our daily life. Advancement in technology and reduced hardware costs have motivated service providers to deploy public a SST for various important and complex tasks. Examples of such tasks include editing and printing confidential documents, performing monetary transactions, etc. These tasks requires a user to reveal his/her personal information to a public SST. The major problem while performing these tasks using a public SST is that the user has to deal with many surrounding factors like social density, privacy and security, which might affect his/her trust towards the SST and in turn the user might refrain from using it. This study aims to find different factors that can enhance user’s trust towards a public SST, encourage to use it and complete the task even if it requires user’s personal information.The in-depth interview method was adopted for the study to learn twelve interviewees’ experience with varied public SSTs that specifically handles personal information, in an urge to understand interviewees’ behaviour, underlying motivations and desires to use those public SSTs. Analysing the data collected from interviews, ten trust factors were found that emerge at various stages of interaction with a public SST. They were categorized into pre-interaction, on-interaction and post-interaction factors based on their time of interaction. Beyond the trust factors, three additional important factors have emerged from interview data, which motivates users to adopt public SSTs. They are usefulness, convenience and personality-based trust. The results may be valuable for researchers who are focusing on different aspects of trust and any public artefact as well as for service providers and designers to design a trustworthy public SST. Based on the results, some practical implications for designing public SSTs are also presented. / Offentlig självbetjäningsteknik (eng. Public Self Service Technology) har blivit en viktig del av vårt dagliga liv. Förbättring i teknik och minskade hårdvarukostnader har motiverat tjänsteleverantörer att distribuera offentliga SST för olika viktiga och komplexa uppgifter. Exempel på sådana uppgifter är att redigera och skriva ut konfidentiella dokument, utföra monetära transaktioner etc. Dessa uppgifter kräver att en användare delar med sig av personlig information till en offentlig SST. Det stora problemet med att utföra dessa uppgifter med hjälp av SST är att användaren måste hantera många omgivande faktorer som social täthet, integritet och säkerhet, vilket kan påverka personens förtroende mot SST och i sin tur kananvändaren avstå från att använda den. Följaktligen syftar denna studie till atthitta olika faktorer som kan öka användarnas förtroende mot offentliga SST, uppmuntra att använda dem och slutföra uppgifter även om det kräver användarens personuppgifter.En djupintervjumetod användes i studien för att lära sig om tolv testdeltagares erfarenhet av olika offentliga SST, specifikt de som hanterar privat information, i en strävan att förstå deltagarnas beteende, underliggande motivation och önskemål att använda dessa offentliga SST. Analys av de uppgifter som samlats in från intervjuer, upptäckte tolv förtroendefaktorer som uppstår vid olika stadier av interaktion med en offentlig SST. De var därför uppdelade i pre-interaktion, interaktionsoch post-interaktionsfaktorer. Från intervjuerna har ytterligare tre viktiga faktorer upptäckts som motiverar användarna att använda offentliga SST. De är användbarhet, bekvämlighet och personlighetsbaserat förtroende. Resultaten är värde-fulla för forskare som fokuserar på olika aspekter av förtroende och offentligaartefakter samt för tjänsteleverantörer och designers för att utforma en pålitlig offentlig SST. Baserat på resultaten presenteras också några praktiska konsekvenser för utformningen av offentliga SST.

The hospitality industry is increasingly incorporating self-service technology, suchas online booking systems, automated check-in and check-out, and in-roomtechnology, to enhance the customer experience and streamline operations. However,there is limited research on the adoption and usage of self-service technology bybaby boomers (BB) in this industry. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring theadoption and usage patterns of self-service technology (SST) among BBs in thehospitality industry.The paper follows a deductive approach drawing upon the extensive literature on thetopic. With a proposed qualitative viewpoint, the purpose of the study is to identifythe BBs’ attitude when using SSTs in hotels, and furthermore, to understand in whatinstances consumers prefer human interactions over technological encounters. Theempirical data was obtained through interviews that were conducted among 10Swedish BBs. The findings then were analyzed through thematic analysis, towithdraw patterns, similarities and differences.The conclusion of this thesis shows BBs have different preferences when it comes toadopting SSTs. The attitudes ranged from enthusiasm, to avoidance and hesitation.However, the common theme that emerged among all three types of attitudes, wasthe fact that they all prefer to use SSTs as a complementary step to what the hotelstaff will provide. It was also proposed in order to encourage the SST hesitant orSST avoidant group, the service design should be straightforward and theinstructions must be clear.

ITC/USA 2009 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fifth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2009 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) Integrated Network Enhanced Telemetry (iNET) program is currently developing new standards for wired-wireless local area networking (LAN-WLAN) using the Internet Protocol (IP), for use in telemetry (TM) channels, under the umbrella of the Telemetry Network System (TmNS). Some advantages of TmNS are real-time command and control of instrumentation, quick-look acquisition, data retransmission and recovery ('gapless TM' or 'PCM backfill'), data segmentation, etc. The iNET team is developing and evaluating prototypes, based on commercial 802.x and other technologies, in conjunction with Range Commander's Council (RCC) Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG) standards and standards developed under the iNET program.

Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of a solid state transformer (SST) is to use power electronic converters to mimic the operation of the conventional distribution transformer. These power electronic converters are proposed to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional distribution transformer. The advantages of a SST include near perfect voltage regulation and harmonic isolation between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer. This thesis discusses the design and development of the different converters in a solid state transformer (SST). A prototype modular back-to-back converter is developed for the input and isolation stage of the SST. The isolation stage consists of a high voltage DC-DC converter, which transfers power across the isolation barrier of the SST. This stage is evaluated in the laboratory with special attention being paid to the efficiency of the converter. The second aspect that this thesis addresses is the output stage of the SST, namely a three phase inverter. The discussion of the output stage focuses on the losses occurring in the inverter. The switching device losses are calculated by means of an adapted numerical method as opposed to using conventional analytical methods. The presented numerical method is compared to the existing analytical method and the findings are discussed. A double loop control strategy is implemented for the output stage inverter. The inner current loop utilizes a predictive control strategy. The control analysis of the double loop controller is discussed and evaluated in the laboratory. All the converters that are discussed in this thesis are evaluated in the laboratory and the relevant measurements are included. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van ’n drywingselektroniese transformator (DET) is om drywingselektroniese omsetters te gebruik om die werking van die konvensionele distribusietransformator na te boots. Hierdie drywingselektroniese omsetters word voorgestel ten einde die nadele van die konvensionele distribusietransformator te bowe te kom. Die voordele van ’n DET sluit in: feitlik perfekte regulering van spanning en harmoniese isolasie tussen die primˆere en sekondˆere windings van die transformator. Hierdie tesis bespreek die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van die verskillende omsetters in ’n drywingselektroniese transformator (DET). ’n Prototipe modulˆere rug-aan-rug-omsetter word ontwikkel vir die intree- en isolasiefase van die DET. Die isolasiefase bestaan uit ’n hoogspanning- GS-GS omsetter, wat drywing oor die isolasiegrens van die DET heen oordra. Hierdie omsetter word in die laboratorium ge¨evalueer met besondere aandag aan die doeltreffendheid van die omsetter. Die tweede aspek waarna in hierdie tesis gekyk word, is die uittreefase van die DET, naamlik ’n driefaseomsetter. Die bespreking van die uittreefase fokus egter op die verliese wat in die omsetter voorkom. Die verliese van die skakelaars word bereken deur middel van ’n aangepaste numeriese metode teenoor die gebruik van konvensionele analitiese metodes. Die numeriese metode wat aangebied word, word vergelyk met die bestaande analitiese metode en die bevindings word bespreek. ’n Dubbellus-beheerstrategie word vir die uittreefase-omsetter ge¨ımplementeer. Die binneste stroomlus word ge¨ımplementeer deur van ’n voorspelbare beheerstrategie gebruik te maak. Die beheeranalise van die dubbellusbeheerder word bespreek en in die laboratorium ge¨evalueer. Al die omsetters wat in hierdie tesis bespreek word, word in die laboratorium ge¨evalueer en die relevante metings word ingesluit.

Bakgrund Klyftan mellan teknikanvändningen i olika åldrar växer. Framtidenspensionärer behöver kunna använda tekniska hjälpmedel. Samtidigt minskar kontanthanteringen i samhället och äldre får allt svårare att hantera sin ekonomi. Som lösning på denna förändring presenterades betallösningen Swish. Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att få en ökad förståelse för individers uppfattning och användning av betalningsapplikationer. Studien ämnar att undersöka hur olika individer i åldern 40-67 år upplever mobila betalningsapplikationer och om det är möjligt att främja adoptionsprocessen av dessa. Metod En kvalitativ studie som tagit utgångspunkt i verkligheten. Insamling av primärdata genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som har genomförts med både sakkunniga och privatpersoner. De sakkunniga har bidragit med ökad kunskap kring applikationen Swish. Som ett komplement till intervjuerna med icke-användare av Swish har författarna använt ett experiment för att testa intervjupersonernas förmåga samt för att få en djupare förståelse kring hur de uppfattar applikationen. Den insamlade empirin har sedan varit utgångspunkt för de teman som presenteras i studiens analysavsnitt. Slutsats Det går att påverka anammandet av mobila betalnings-applikationer. Det är sambandet mellan individens bankrelation, självbild av teknisk förmåga och triggerhändelser som är avgörande för hur kunden tar till sig dessa tjänster. Genom ett stöttande kundbemötande kan anammande främjas. / The divide between how people of different ages make use of technology grows. Future retirees will have to be capable of using assistive technology. As banks no longer keep and manage cash, older people find it increasingly difficult to manage their finances. To this problem, the payment solution Swish was introduced. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of how users perceive and use payment applications. The study examines how individuals aged between 40-67 experience payment applications and whether it is possible to influence those who do not use them or not. This is a qualitative study based on actual user experiences. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews with both experts and users. The experts have contributed with their knowledge of Swish. As a complement to the interviews with people that do not use Swish, the authors used tested the interviewees' ability and to gain a deeper understanding of how they perceive the application through an experiment. The themes presented in the study's analysis section are based on empirical data. It is possible to influence user adoption of mobile payment applications. How customers embrace such services depend on a combination of factors like their relationship with the bank, how they perceive their own technical ability and customer trigger events. Technology adoption can be facilitated by offering supporting customer service to non-users.

Variabilidade climática é um sistema complexo gerado pela participação de diversos atores e sua atuação na dinâmica atmosférica, a (TSM) Temperatura da Superfície do Mar tem papel fundamental de influencia nas diversas características dos índices climáticos: Southern Hemisphere Anular Mode Index (SAM), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), El Nino / Oscilação Sul (ENSO), (TNA) Tropical North Atlantic Index, (PDO) Pacific Decada Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO). Os Índices com variações climáticas e suas implicações, possuem um espectro de atuação e formação do clima, que se inicia nos macro-sistemas através de suas influências extraterrestres, pelos períodos de atividade solar e outros, que nos convidam a buscar um melhor entendimento sobre o clima e suas forças resultantes. Portanto essa é uma pesquisa simplista, procura demonstrar os entes envolvidos nos processos de variabilidade climática, realçando muito mais o papel dos oceanos e sua influencia de correlação sobre os regimes fluviométricos, estimando definir também a sua grande importância e um melhor entendimento do ciclo hidrológico da escala espaço-temporal na região da bacia Amazônica, partindo de uma leitura do sistema atmosférico e sua influencia dinâmica resultante sobre o ciclo hidrológico. A pesquisa adquiriu através da (ANA) Agencia Nacional de Águas os dados de vazão fluvial dos rios Solimões/Amazonas e Negro, e junto ao Earth System Research Laboratory Physical Sciences Division da NOAA, foram adquiridos os valores de TSM e Índices climáticos, já para os dados de precipitação foram solicitados junto Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (CPTEC/INPE). Todos estes dados foram tratados em processamento no Software GrADS e ainda compilados em FORTRAN, para a analise estatística através de (R) Analise e Planejamento de Experimentos, para fornecer os dados de correlação linear, Test-t e regressão linear com o objetivo de sustentar e apoiar a analise dos resultados que possam prognosticar a partir da defasagem entre as variáveis TSM e o comportamento resultante da vazão fluvial. / Climate variability is a complex system generated by the participation of various actors and their role in atmospheric dynamics, the Sea Surface Temperature(SST) plays a key role in influencing the several features of the climate indexes: Southern Hemisphere Cancel Index Mode (SAM), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), El Nino / Southern Oscillation (ENSO), (TNA) Tropical North Atlantic Index (PDO) Pacific Decade Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO). The climate changes indexes and their implications have a spectrum in the activity and formation of the climate, which begins in macro-systems through their extraterrestrial influences, during periods of solar activity and others, who urges us to search a better understanding of the climate and its resultant forces. Therefore, this is a simplistic research, seeking to show the entities involved in the climate variability processes, emphasizing much more the role of the oceans and its influence on the fluvial routines correlation, and estimating also define a major and also a better understanding of the hydrological cycle spatiotemporal scale in the region of the Amazon basin, starting from a reading of the atmospheric system and its resulting dynamic influence on the hydrological cycle, acquired through this research (ANA) National Water Agency data flow of the rivers Solimões / Amazonas and Negro River, and with the Earth System Research Laboratory - Physical Sciences Division of NOAA, which acquired values of SST and climate indexes. The precipitation data was requested from Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC / INPE). All these data were processed in the processing software GrADS and also compiled in FORTRAN for statistical analysis using (R) - Analysis and Design of Experiments, to provide data for linear correlation, T-test and linear regression in order to sustain and support the analysis of the results which could predict from the discrepancy between the SST variables and the resulting conduct of river flow.

A resposta oceânica a perturbações com períodos e comprimentos significativamente maiores que o período inercial e que o raio de deformação de Rossby se dá na forma de ondas de Rossby planetárias. Geralmente, as perturbações são atribuídas a variações no rotacional do vento via bombeamento de Ekman. A passagem dessas ondas causa deformação das isopicnais, podendo resultar em anomalias da temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM) por advecção vertical. Dependendo de como ocorre a interação ar-mar, anomalias de TSM podem alterar o campo de ventos ou serem alteradas por ele através de fluxo de calor. Este trabalho utiliza dez anos de dados de temperatura da superfície do mar, velocidade e direção dos ventos e anomalia da altura do mar obtidos por satélites para identificar regiões do oceano onde há forçamento direto do vento na geração de ondas planetárias que se propagam linearmente. Mapas de correlação cruzada entre essas variáveis permitiram identificar onde a interação entre o oceano e a atmosfera é linear. Um modelo simples de uma camada e meia forçado apenas pelo bombeamento de Ekman foi utilizado para testar se, nestas regiões, a variabilidade atmosférica seria suficiente para explicar a variabilidade das ondas de Rossby estimadas pelos dados altimétricos. A interação entre a TSM e a intensidade do vento no Atlântico sul tropical é distinta das demais bacias oceânicas. Das correlações entre a TSM e o rotacional da tensão de cisalhamento do vento, observou-se que a dinâmica de Ekman não é marcante no Índico. Nas regiões tropicais do Atlântico e do Pacífico, as previsões do modelo foram similares às observações. Por fim, foram obtidas evidências de geração e retroalimentação de ondas planetárias nas bordas leste do Atlântico e do Pacífico. / Rossby waves are the ocean response to perturbations whose temporal and spatial scales are significantly longer than both the inertial period and the Rossby radius of deformation. These perturbations are, more often than not, attributed to variations in the wind stress curl {\\em via} Ekman pumping. The waves cause isopycnal displacement which due to vertical advection may result in sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Depending on the ocean--atmosphere interaction, SST anomalies can either change the wind field or be changed by it due to the heat flux. This study makes use of ten years of satellite derived SST, wind vector, and sea surface height anomaly data to identify regions where there is direct wind forcing of linear Rossby waves. Cross-correlation maps between these variables show where linear interactions occur. A simple 1½ layer model forced by Ekman pumping was used to check if, in those regions, atmospheric variability alone can explain the observed Rossby wave variability as estimated from radar altimeter data. The interaction between SST and wind magnitude in the South Atlantic is distinct from all other ocean basins. SST and wind stress curl correlations show that the Ekman dynamics is not dominant in the Indian Ocean. In the tropical Atlantic and Pacific the model predictions are similar to the observations. Finally, evidence of genesis and feedback of planetary waves is presented for the eastern boundaries of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

A variabilidade climática é um objeto característico da Geografia já que anomalias positivas ou negativas de seus elementos, principalmente precipitação e temperatura, podem afetar de forma significativa a vida da população atingida. Na presente pesquisa, a variabilidade da vazão na bacia amazônica brasileira para o período de 1976 a 2010 é estudada por meio de técnicas estatísticas, tais como correlação linear, regressão linear simples e múltipla, análise de agrupamento e análise de ondeletas. Campos de componentes atmosféricos são apresentados para a compreensão da circulação atmosférica anômala que leva a anomalias de vazão. O objetivo é compreender com mais profundidade possíveis associações entre a variabilidade da vazão fluvial e da temperatura da superfície do mar, TSM, em regiões oceânicas específicas, reconhecendo-se para isso o acoplamento oceano-atmosfera que modula a variabilidade climática global. Este estudo compreendeu o uso de dados de vazão e precipitação do sistema Hidroweb/ANA, dados de TSM, radiação de onda longa e vento do conjunto de dados da Reanálise I, do NCEP/NCAR, e dados de precipitação do Global Precipitation Climatology Project, GPCP. A maior parte das análises considerou o tratamento de dados na escala mensal. O estudo verificou que há variabilidade espacial para a resposta da correlação linear entre a TSM e a vazão na bacia amazônica brasileira, verificada em cada uma das sub-regiões homogêneas definidas para esta pesquisa. Diferenças espaciais também foram verificadas nos resultados dos testes para tendência linear, identificando-se um padrão de tendência positiva da vazão na parte norte da bacia amazônica brasileira, e, negativa na porção sul. Sugere-se que a tendência negativa na porção sul esteja, em parte, associada à expansão das áreas agrícolas e, portanto, à intensificação do desmatamento. Cada uma das sub-regiões apresentou padrões espaciais de correlação linear diferenciados com os oceanos, mas, de forma geral, verifica-se que os eventos ENOS são importantes na definição da variabilidade da bacia amazônica, sendo mais efetivos nas anomalias de vazão das sub-regiões Norte, Amazonas-Foz e Sul, enquanto que a variabilidade da temperatura da superfície do mar no Atlântico Tropical Norte está bem associada à variabilidade da vazão nas sub-regiões Central e Oeste. A análise dos campos atmosféricos médios para anos caracterizados por ENOS neutros permitiu identificar que a sub-região Oeste apresentou resultados de influência de processos climáticos regionais que influenciaram anomalias positivas e negativas de vazão. Desta forma, a hipótese da tese de que, observando-se as particularidades de associação entre a temperatura da superfície do mar e a vazão fluvial para cada sub-região amazônica seria possível elaborar um modelo estocástico de previsão mais adequado a cada sub-região, sendo cada um mais apropriado a cada subregião, exprimindo maior acurácia e significância estatística, foi confirmada. Cada uma das sub-regiões consideradas apresenta intervalos de tempo preferenciais em que a correlação com a superfície dos oceanos é máxima. Assim, conclui-se que a bacia amazônica não pode ser considerada como um todo quanto à análise climática, já que foram confirmadas variabilidades espaciais de tendência linear dos dados de vazão, correlação entre vazão e precipitação e correlação com anomalias da temperatura da superfície do mar. / Climate variability is a characteristic object of geography, as positive or negative anomalies of its elements, especially precipitation and temperature may significantly affect the lives of the population. In this research, the variability of flow in the Brazilian Amazon basin for the period 1976-2010 is studied through statistical techniques such as linear correlation, simple and multiple linear regression, cluster analysis and wavelet analysis. Fields of atmospheric components are presented for comprehending the anomalous atmospheric circulation which leads to flow abnormalities. The objective is to understand more deeply possible associations between the variability of river flow and sea surface temperature, SST, in specific ocean regions, in order to recognize ocean-atmosphere coupling that modulates the global climate variability. This study has encompassed the use of flow and precipitation data of Hidroweb system/ANA, SST data, longwave radiation and wind of NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis I dataset, and precipitation data of Global Precipitation Climatology Project, GPCP. Most of the analyzes considered the treatment of data in the monthly scale. The study found that there is spatial variability to the response of the linear correlation between SST and the flow in the Brazilian Amazon basin seen in each one of the homogeneous subregions defined for this research. Spatial differences were also verified in the results of tests for linear trend, identifying a pattern of positive trend of the flow in the northern part of the Brazilian Amazon basin, and negative in the southern portion. It suggests that the negative trend in the southern portion is partly associated with the expansion of agricultural areas and therefore, the intensification of deforestation of forested areas. Each one of the subregions showed different spatial patterns of linear correlation with the oceans, but in general, ENSO events are important in defining the variability of the Amazon basin, being more effective in flow anomalies of North, Amazonas-Foz and South subregions, whereas the variability of sea surface temperature in the Tropical North Atlantic is well associated with the variability of flow in the Central and West subregions. The analysis of average atmospheric fields for years characterized by neutral ENSO was able to identify that the West subregion presented results of influence of regional climate processes which influenced anomalies of positive and negative flow. Thus, the hypothesis of the thesis that, by observing the association of the particularities between sea surface temperature and river flow for each Amazon subregion would be possible to develop a more appropriate stochastic model to each subregion, being each one more adequate to every subregion, expressing greater accuracy and statistical significance, was confirmed. Each one of the subregions considered presents preferential time intervals at which the correlation to the ocean surface is maximal. Therefore, it is concluded that the Amazon basin cannot be considered as a whole regarding its climate analysis, seeing that spatial variabilities of linear trend of flow data were confirmed, correlation between flow and precipitation and correlation with sea surface temperature anomalies.

Resultados da reanálise SODA v2.2.6 (Carton, Giese, 2008) e da Renálise do Século 20 v2 (Compo, et al., 2011) foram analisados para verificar alterações dos modos de variabilidade da TSM (o modo do Gradiente Meridional de Temperatura (GMT) e o Modo Zonal) no Atlântico Tropical (de 1929 a 2008) através de funções empíricas ortogonais (EOF) e funções empíricas ortogonais associadas (jEOF). A evolução do padrão espacial do modo do GMT se inicia com a configuração de dipolo de temperatura, com eixo central em ≈ 5ºN evoluindo para o GMT com variabilidade concentrada no Atlântico Tropical Norte. O Modo Zonal apresenta inicialmente variabilidade associada à região equatorial (entre 5ºS e 5ºN) e à costa sudoeste africana, que evolui para um gradiente meridional de TSM, centrado em ≈ 5ºN. Sua variabilidade concentra-se exclusivamente no Atlântico Tropical Sul. A variabilidade equatorial se degenera ao longo do período, devido ao aumento, gerado pelo vento, da profundidade das isopicnais na termoclina. No equador o acoplamento entre o oceano e a atmosfera ocorre nos períodos de T = 30 meses e T ≈ 34 meses, com o vento antecedendo a temperatura em 1 e 2 meses, respectivamente. O Modo Zonal apresenta acoplamento com o vento durante a segunda metade das análises. O período associado é de T ≈ 34 meses, com o vento antecedendo a temperatura em cerca de 1 mês. O modo do GMT está associado aos ventos no Atlântico Tropical Norte e Atlântico Tropical Sul. Os períodos de acoplamento são de T = 96 e T = 60 meses, com o vento antecedendo a TSM em 3 e ≈ 2 meses respectivamente. / The results of SODA v2.2.6 reanalysis (Carton, Giese, 2008) and 20th Century Reanalysis v2 Project (Compo, et al., 2011) were analyzed in order to verify changes of the SST modes (the Meridional Temperature Gradient mode (GMT) and the Zonal Mode) in the Tropical Atlantic (1929 to 2008) using Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) and joint Empirical Orthogonal Functions (jEOF). The spatial distribution of GMT starts initially as a temperature dipole centred at ≈ 5ºN. It evolves into a meridional gradient with variability concentrated at the Tropical North Atlantic. The zonal mode variability is initially associated with the equatorial region (between 5ºS and 5ºN) and with the northwestern african coast. It evolves into a merdional gradient with central axis located at 5ºN. Its variability is concentrated exclusively in the Tropical South Atlantic. The equatorial variability degenerates throughout the period, due to the inhibition of the isopicnal uplift by the wind. At the equator, the coupling occurs in periods of T = 30 months and T ≈ 34 months, with the wind preceding the TSM by 1 and 2 months, respectively. The zonal mode presents coupling with the wind only during the second half of the analysis. The periods are of T = 34 months, with wind preciding TSM by about 1 month. GMT mode is associated to the winds of both Tropical North Atlantic and Tropical South Atlantic. Coupling periods are of T = 96 and T = 60 months, with the wind preceding TSM in 3 and ≈ 2 months respectively.

A resposta oceânica a perturbações com períodos e comprimentos significativamente maiores que o período inercial e que o raio de deformação de Rossby se dá na forma de ondas de Rossby planetárias. Geralmente, as perturbações são atribuídas a variações no rotacional do vento via bombeamento de Ekman. A passagem dessas ondas causa deformação das isopicnais, podendo resultar em anomalias da temperatura da superfície do mar (TSM) por advecção vertical. Dependendo de como ocorre a interação ar-mar, anomalias de TSM podem alterar o campo de ventos ou serem alteradas por ele através de fluxo de calor. Este trabalho utiliza dez anos de dados de temperatura da superfície do mar, velocidade e direção dos ventos e anomalia da altura do mar obtidos por satélites para identificar regiões do oceano onde há forçamento direto do vento na geração de ondas planetárias que se propagam linearmente. Mapas de correlação cruzada entre essas variáveis permitiram identificar onde a interação entre o oceano e a atmosfera é linear. Um modelo simples de uma camada e meia forçado apenas pelo bombeamento de Ekman foi utilizado para testar se, nestas regiões, a variabilidade atmosférica seria suficiente para explicar a variabilidade das ondas de Rossby estimadas pelos dados altimétricos. A interação entre a TSM e a intensidade do vento no Atlântico sul tropical é distinta das demais bacias oceânicas. Das correlações entre a TSM e o rotacional da tensão de cisalhamento do vento, observou-se que a dinâmica de Ekman não é marcante no Índico. Nas regiões tropicais do Atlântico e do Pacífico, as previsões do modelo foram similares às observações. Por fim, foram obtidas evidências de geração e retroalimentação de ondas planetárias nas bordas leste do Atlântico e do Pacífico. / Rossby waves are the ocean response to perturbations whose temporal and spatial scales are significantly longer than both the inertial period and the Rossby radius of deformation. These perturbations are, more often than not, attributed to variations in the wind stress curl {\\em via} Ekman pumping. The waves cause isopycnal displacement which due to vertical advection may result in sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Depending on the ocean--atmosphere interaction, SST anomalies can either change the wind field or be changed by it due to the heat flux. This study makes use of ten years of satellite derived SST, wind vector, and sea surface height anomaly data to identify regions where there is direct wind forcing of linear Rossby waves. Cross-correlation maps between these variables show where linear interactions occur. A simple 1½ layer model forced by Ekman pumping was used to check if, in those regions, atmospheric variability alone can explain the observed Rossby wave variability as estimated from radar altimeter data. The interaction between SST and wind magnitude in the South Atlantic is distinct from all other ocean basins. SST and wind stress curl correlations show that the Ekman dynamics is not dominant in the Indian Ocean. In the tropical Atlantic and Pacific the model predictions are similar to the observations. Finally, evidence of genesis and feedback of planetary waves is presented for the eastern boundaries of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.