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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Showing 21 to 28 of 28 (0.126 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"1second person"" "subject:"5second person""
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O uso variável do pronome de segunda pessoa você(s)/cês(s) na cidade de São Paulo / The variable use of the second person pronoun você(s)/cê(s) in the city of São PauloIvanete Belem do Nascimento 17 February 2011 (has links)
Esta dissertação trata da variação no uso do pronome de segunda pessoa (singular e plural) na cidade de São Paulo. Duas formas alternativas são empregadas nessa comunidade de fala: a variante plena você(s) e a forma foneticamente reduzida cê(s). A pesquisa é desenvolvida de acordo com os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociolinguística Variacionista. Foram desenvolvidas análises sincrônica e diacrônica com dados extraídos de duas amostras (NURC-SP-1970 e GESOL-SP-2000). Os resultados evidenciam um equilíbrio na distribuição das duas variantes nessa comunidade de fala. Embora se verifique uma típica mudança em progresso (tempo aparente) na década de 1970, a análise dos anos 2000 revela um caso de variação estável na comunidade de fala. Nos anos 2000, a variante inovadora, a forma reduzida cê, tende a ser favorecida pelos informantes mais jovens e pelas mulheres acima de 50 anos de idade. Cê é desfavorecida entre os indivíduos de uma faixa etária intermediária (entre 35 e 45 anos) o que pode estar relacionado a questões de monitoramento da fala e ao mercado linguístico (Paiva & Duarte, 2003). Adicionalmente, cê tende a ser evitado entre os indivíduos mais escolarizados; e é favorecido em interações cujos informantes são familiares ou amigos. De um ponto de vista linguístico, o emprego das variantes é correlacionado pelo Princípio do Contorno Obrigatório e por questões morfossintáticas, semânticas e discursivo-cognitivas, com especial atenção à referência do pronome. Os resultados corroboram a hipótese de cliticização da variante reduzida, mas fornecem um contra-argumento à correlação direta entre erosão fonética e abstratização semântica, defendida na literatura sobre gramaticalização. / This master thesis analyzes the variation in the use of the second person pronoun (singular and plural) in the city of São Paulo. Two alternative forms are employed: você you, and a phonetically reduced form cê you. The research is developed according to the theoretical and methodological framework of Variationist Sociolinguistics. Both synchronic and diachronic multivariate analyses are pursued, with data extracted from two samples (NURC-SP-1970 and GESOL-SP-2000). The results show a balance in the distribution of the two variants in the speech community. Although it was observed a typical change in progress (apparent time) in the 1970s, the analysis of the 2000s data reveals a case of stable variation in the speech community. In the 2000s, the innovative, phonetically reduced variant tends to be favored by younger people and women over 50 years old. Cê is disfavored among individuals between 35 and 45 years which can be related to issues of speech monitoring and the linguistic market (Paiva & Duarte, 2003). In addition, cê tends to be avoided by those whose level of education is higher, and is favored in conversations between informants who are friends or relatives. From a linguistic perspective, the use of variants is correlated by the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) and by morphosyntactic, semantic and discursive-cognitive factors, with special attention to the reference of the pronoun. Results confirm the hypothesis of cliticization of the reduced variant, but reveal a counterargument for the direct correlation between \"phonetic erosion\" and \"semantic abstraction\", which has been claimed in the literature on grammaticalization
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A moralidade da igualdade / The Morality of EqualityLucas Cardoso Petroni 31 July 2017 (has links)
A pesquisa tem como objetivo geral defender uma interpretação específica do valor da igualdade. Contra teorias que não reconhecem a igualdade como um valor moral intrínseco - como as teorias libertarianas, instrumentalistas e suficientaristas da justiça -, e contra a visão distributivista da igualdade - encontrada, por exemplo, no chamado igualitarismo de fortuna - a tese formula e avalia com base em argumentos normativos uma interpretação relacional do valor da igualdade denominada de igualitarismo social. A especificidade do igualitarismo social encontra-se em seu fundamento: um ideal de respeito mútuo responsável por governar as relações interpessoais entre pessoas livres e iguais. Ao defender a plausibilidade de concepções relacionais de igualdade, espera-se demonstrar que a igualdade social é capaz fornecer uma base (i) coerente, (ii) moralmente relevante, e (iii) distributivamente determinada para a justiça igualitária. Para isso, a tese argumenta, em primeiro lugar, que o uso da coerção coletiva entre iguais em autoridade demanda uma forma especifica de justificação intrapessoal uma atitude que denominarei de respeito deliberativo. Com base na noção de respeito deliberativo é possível ressaltar a existência de um tipo determinado de desrespeito igualitário, qual seja: o desrespeito performativo na reivindicação de direitos. A ideia de respeito deliberativo pode ser formulada com base nas contribuições filosóficas recentes de uma moralidade de segunda de pessoa, tal como formulada por Stephen Darwall, isto é, como um tipo de justificação normativa fundada na responsabilização mútua entre agentes morais. Finalmente, a tese argumenta que o igualitarismo social é compatível com princípios gerais de justiça social. Dois desses princípios são apresentados e analisados: (i) o princípio de mínimo cívico e (ii) o princípio de participação na riqueza social. De um ponto de vista igualitário, atender às exigências de ambos os princípios deve ser compreendido como uma condição de necessidade para uma cidadania democrática justa. / The work holds that the value of equality is best understood in a determined way. Against nonegalitarian theories such as libertarian, instrumentalist and sufficentarian theories - on one side, and distributive-based theories such as the luck egalitarianism - on the other, the thesis offers and evaluate, based on normative arguments, a relational interpretation of egalitarianism to be called social egalitarianism. What makes social egalitarianism a distinctive type of theory is its normative foundation: an ideal of mutual respect responsible for governing the interpersonal relations between free and equal persons. The work intends to show that a relational interpretation of equality is able to provide the basis for a (i) coherent, (ii) morally relevant, and (iii) distributive determined ground for egalitarian theories of justice. In order to stablish all that, it shows, first, how the legitimate exercise of political coercion among equals in authority brings about a particular kind of interpersonal attitude, called deliberative respect. Next, it is argued that the notion of deliberative respect allows us to conceptualize a particular instance of disrespect among equals, namely, the performative disrespect against a right-holder, and showing why respectful relations among equals in authority should be framed in a secondperson standpoint morality a morality according to each people are mutually accountable to each other - as the idea has been developed by Stephen Darwall. Finally, the work argues for the conceptual compatibility between social egalitarianism, on one hand, and distributive principles of justice, on the other. Two principles of justice are considered: (i) the principle of the civic minimum and (ii) the principle of participation in social wealth. From an egalitarian standpoint, both principles are required in order to bring about a just democratic citizenship.
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Deiksis in Noord-SothoDu Preez, Petronella Maria, 1963- 06 1900 (has links)
Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die term deiksis is afgelei van die Griekse woord deiktikos wat 'wys na' betaken, en verwys
na daardie uitdrukkings wat in 'n taal gebruik word om die belangrikste orientasiepunte in 'n
gespreksituasie te verwoord. Aile deiktiese interpretasies kan net relatief tot 'n spesifieke
verwysingspunt (deiktiese sentrum) gemaak word.
Vyf deiktiese kategoriee word onderskei. Persoonsdeiksis hou verband met die deiktiese
persona, m.a.w. die spreker en aangesprokeneen moontlik 'n derde persoon indian hy/sy/dit
in die gespreksituasie teenwoordig is. Persoonsdeiksis word hoofsaaklik in Noord-Sotho se
kongruensie-en pronominale sisteem gereflekteer.
Sosiale deiksis verwys na daardie uitdrukkings wat die spreker se houding teenoor die
aangesprokene of die derde persoon weergee. In Noord-Sotho word leksikale items met 'n
sosiaal--deiktiese funksie aangetrefwat die spreker se bewondering, afkeer of respek teenoor
die aangesprokene reflekteer, asook verwantskapstenne en aanspreekvonne. Alhoewel
Noord-Sotho se pro nominate stelsel neutraal is ten opsigte van geslag, is daar ander maniere
om taalkundig 'n onderskeid tussen die geslagte te maak.
Plekdeiktiese uitdrukkings word gebruik om die Jigging van 'n objek relatief tot die deiktiese
sentrum te beskryf. Die posisie van die gespreksgenote of hulle fisiese gestaltes kan hierdie
deiktiese sentrum uitmaak. In Noord-Sothoword demonstratiewe, demonstratief-kopulatiewe,
lokatiewe kopulatiewe,lokatiewe bywoorde en sekere werkwoorde vir hierdie doe I aangewend.
Tyddeiksis word in Noord-Sotho hoofsaaklik deur middel van temporale bywoorde
geleksikaliseer en deur middel van tydsvonne in die werkwoord gegrammatikaliseer. Die
interpretasie van hierdie uitdrukkings is van die deiktiese sentrum (tyd wanneer die uiting
gemaak is) afhanklik. Temporale bywoorde sowel as die tydsvonn van die werkwoord beskryf
die tyd wanneer die handeling plaasvind. Hierdie vonne sal aandui of die handeling v66r
koderingstyd plaasgevind het (verlede tyd), of dit na koderingstyd sal plaasvind (toe~omende
tyd), en of die handeling met koderingstyd saamval (teenwoordige tyd).
Diskoersdeiksis verwys na daardie uitdrukkings wat gebruik word om na dele van die diskoers,
of na naamwoordelike antesedente waarvoor daar nie 'n referent in die buitetaalse
werklikheid bestaan nie, te verwys. In Noord-Sothoword demonstratiewe, pronomina van die
derde persoon, demonstratief-kopulatiewe, sekere bywoorde, identifiserende kopulatiewe,
sekere kwalifikatiewe en sekere voegwoorde vir hierdie doel aangewend. / The term deixis is derived from a Greek word deiktikos which means 'point at' and it is used
in grammar to refer to those expressions which describe the essential points of orientation in
a speech situation. The interpretation of deictic expressions can only be made in relation to
a specific reference point (the deictic centre).
Five deictic categories are distinguished. Person deixis concerns the deictic persons, that is
the speaker, the addressee and possibly a third person if he/she/it is present in the speech
situation. Person deixis is mainly reflected in the concordia! and the pronominal system of
Northern Sotho.
Social deixis refers to those expressions which reflect the speaker's attitude towards the
addressee or the third person. Such expressions include lexical items which reflect the
speaker's admiration, dislike or respect towards the addressee, as well as kinship terms and
vocatives. Although the pronominal system of Northern Sotho is neutral with regard to sex,
there are other linguistic ways in which gender distinctions can be drawn.
Place deictic expressions are used to identify the location of an object relative to the deictic
centre. The location of the speech participants or their bodies may constitute this deictic
centre. Demonstratives, demonstrative-copulatives, locational copulatives, locative adverbs
and certain verbs are used for this purpose in Northern Sotho.
Time deixis is mainly lexicalised by means of temporal adverbs and grammaticalised by
means of tense morphemes in the Northern Sotho verb. The interpretation of these
expressions depends on the deictic centre (time when the utterance is made). Time adverbs
as well as the tenses describe the time of an event. These structures will indicate whether
the action took place before coding time (past tense), whether it will take place after coding
time (future tense), or whether it coincides with coding time (present tense).
Discourse deixis pertains to those expressions which are used to refer to parts of the
discourse, or to nominal antecedents of which the referent is not present in the extra-linguistic
context of the utterance. Demonstratives, demonstrative copulatives, third person pronouns,
certain adverbs, identifying copulatives, certain qualificatives and certain conjunctions are used
for this purpose in Northern Sotho. / African Languages / D Litt. et Phil. (Afrikatale)
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Vliv představitelnosti slov na osvojování slovních tvarů v češtině / Effects of Word Imageability on the Acquisition of Grammatical Morphology in Czech ChildrenKříž, Adam January 2013 (has links)
(in English): In many studies there was demonstrated that word's imageability - the ability of a word to produce a mental image of it's referent - affects the processing of its inflection (e.g. Prado - Ullman, 2009), its acquisition (e.g. McDonough et al., 2011) and the acquisition of grammatical morphemes (Smolík, in press). This thesis builds on the Smolík's paper, and its goal is to test whether the imageability of a word's stem influences the acquisition of its inflections in Czech children. Word imageability ratings and ratings of other variables that were assumed to affect the process of the acquisition of word inflections, were collected, then questionnaires were distributed to parents to examine how the forms of chosen words are acquired by children. The focus was on the acquisition of nominative plural of nouns, present tense in second person and past tense of verbs. The results show that the imageability significantly predicts the age of acquisition of the nominative in singular and all observed forms of verbs. The absence of the imegability effect on the acquisition of nominative in plural may be due to the overall high imageability and thus reduced variability of ratings in nouns in our dataset. Two possible explanations of the imageability effect on the acqusition of morphological...
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In two minds (novel) ; and A singular voice (dissertation)Albertson, Jennifer January 2008 (has links)
<abstract>'In Two Minds' is a novel of false beliefs. Set in contemporary Sydney, it deals with the relationship between two sisters in their late thirties, Kara and Linda Hille. Told in the second person singular from the point of view of the elder sister, Linda, it is based around the neurological delusion of the younger sibling, Kara. Kara wrongly believes that their mother, Stella, has been replaced by an impostor, 'Mrs. Whitegloves'. For the greater part, the narrative 'you' relates events in the sisters' lives and deals with issues such as the consequences of condoned child abuse, the dilemma of human cloning and the future of 'the brand' in the light of contemporary global marketing. Linda, an advertising executive, struggles with a formidable work-project, an account that is lost to a competitor, and the mistaken belief that she is responsible for her sister's plight. Shocking graffiti about herself, which appears at the same time as she wins an advertising award, proves to be the catalyst that brings beneficial change to her life. Through the tragedy of confronting her sister's devastation and her own challenges, Linda leaves her job, believing this will allow her to start again - differently. In the final chapter, the difference is registered in a shift from the second person to the consolidated first person method of narration. ABSTRACT EXEGESIS The dissertation 'A Singular Voice' documents aspects of authorial, psychoanalytical and literary significance in the creation of a fiction which draws on personal material confrontational to the writer. It also discusses some wider (non-fictional and other) uses of the narrative 'you' in order to establish the literary tradition in which the novel 'In Two Minds' may be situated. This disseration examines the use of the second-person singular pronoun 'you' as narrator, mainly in contemporary fiction. It concentrates on the ways in which the narrative 'you' was employed to achieve a 'cover', mask or persona for the 'I' behind the text in the novel 'In Two Minds', and explains why it was necessary to seek such subterfuge. It describes how certain grammatical and rhetorical resources were used to build and maintain 'cover', while at the same time allowing the narrative 'you' to express a particular aspect of the fictional protagonist, address the reader, and sustain the story of which it is the intradiegetic narratee. Related narrative elements include construction of the characters through the use of the narrative 'you', for example the narcissistic mother, Stella; the phantom double, 'Mrs. Whitegloves'; the sufferer of Capgras' delusion, Kara; and the ultimate bearer of the singular 'you' voice, the protagonist Linda.
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Deiksis in Noord-SothoDu Preez, Petronella Maria, 1963- 06 1900 (has links)
Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Die term deiksis is afgelei van die Griekse woord deiktikos wat 'wys na' betaken, en verwys
na daardie uitdrukkings wat in 'n taal gebruik word om die belangrikste orientasiepunte in 'n
gespreksituasie te verwoord. Aile deiktiese interpretasies kan net relatief tot 'n spesifieke
verwysingspunt (deiktiese sentrum) gemaak word.
Vyf deiktiese kategoriee word onderskei. Persoonsdeiksis hou verband met die deiktiese
persona, m.a.w. die spreker en aangesprokeneen moontlik 'n derde persoon indian hy/sy/dit
in die gespreksituasie teenwoordig is. Persoonsdeiksis word hoofsaaklik in Noord-Sotho se
kongruensie-en pronominale sisteem gereflekteer.
Sosiale deiksis verwys na daardie uitdrukkings wat die spreker se houding teenoor die
aangesprokene of die derde persoon weergee. In Noord-Sotho word leksikale items met 'n
sosiaal--deiktiese funksie aangetrefwat die spreker se bewondering, afkeer of respek teenoor
die aangesprokene reflekteer, asook verwantskapstenne en aanspreekvonne. Alhoewel
Noord-Sotho se pro nominate stelsel neutraal is ten opsigte van geslag, is daar ander maniere
om taalkundig 'n onderskeid tussen die geslagte te maak.
Plekdeiktiese uitdrukkings word gebruik om die Jigging van 'n objek relatief tot die deiktiese
sentrum te beskryf. Die posisie van die gespreksgenote of hulle fisiese gestaltes kan hierdie
deiktiese sentrum uitmaak. In Noord-Sothoword demonstratiewe, demonstratief-kopulatiewe,
lokatiewe kopulatiewe,lokatiewe bywoorde en sekere werkwoorde vir hierdie doe I aangewend.
Tyddeiksis word in Noord-Sotho hoofsaaklik deur middel van temporale bywoorde
geleksikaliseer en deur middel van tydsvonne in die werkwoord gegrammatikaliseer. Die
interpretasie van hierdie uitdrukkings is van die deiktiese sentrum (tyd wanneer die uiting
gemaak is) afhanklik. Temporale bywoorde sowel as die tydsvonn van die werkwoord beskryf
die tyd wanneer die handeling plaasvind. Hierdie vonne sal aandui of die handeling v66r
koderingstyd plaasgevind het (verlede tyd), of dit na koderingstyd sal plaasvind (toe~omende
tyd), en of die handeling met koderingstyd saamval (teenwoordige tyd).
Diskoersdeiksis verwys na daardie uitdrukkings wat gebruik word om na dele van die diskoers,
of na naamwoordelike antesedente waarvoor daar nie 'n referent in die buitetaalse
werklikheid bestaan nie, te verwys. In Noord-Sothoword demonstratiewe, pronomina van die
derde persoon, demonstratief-kopulatiewe, sekere bywoorde, identifiserende kopulatiewe,
sekere kwalifikatiewe en sekere voegwoorde vir hierdie doel aangewend. / The term deixis is derived from a Greek word deiktikos which means 'point at' and it is used
in grammar to refer to those expressions which describe the essential points of orientation in
a speech situation. The interpretation of deictic expressions can only be made in relation to
a specific reference point (the deictic centre).
Five deictic categories are distinguished. Person deixis concerns the deictic persons, that is
the speaker, the addressee and possibly a third person if he/she/it is present in the speech
situation. Person deixis is mainly reflected in the concordia! and the pronominal system of
Northern Sotho.
Social deixis refers to those expressions which reflect the speaker's attitude towards the
addressee or the third person. Such expressions include lexical items which reflect the
speaker's admiration, dislike or respect towards the addressee, as well as kinship terms and
vocatives. Although the pronominal system of Northern Sotho is neutral with regard to sex,
there are other linguistic ways in which gender distinctions can be drawn.
Place deictic expressions are used to identify the location of an object relative to the deictic
centre. The location of the speech participants or their bodies may constitute this deictic
centre. Demonstratives, demonstrative-copulatives, locational copulatives, locative adverbs
and certain verbs are used for this purpose in Northern Sotho.
Time deixis is mainly lexicalised by means of temporal adverbs and grammaticalised by
means of tense morphemes in the Northern Sotho verb. The interpretation of these
expressions depends on the deictic centre (time when the utterance is made). Time adverbs
as well as the tenses describe the time of an event. These structures will indicate whether
the action took place before coding time (past tense), whether it will take place after coding
time (future tense), or whether it coincides with coding time (present tense).
Discourse deixis pertains to those expressions which are used to refer to parts of the
discourse, or to nominal antecedents of which the referent is not present in the extra-linguistic
context of the utterance. Demonstratives, demonstrative copulatives, third person pronouns,
certain adverbs, identifying copulatives, certain qualificatives and certain conjunctions are used
for this purpose in Northern Sotho. / African Languages / D Litt. et Phil. (Afrikatale)
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Translating a guidebook: addressing reader expectation : A small-scale corpus study of direct reader address in a Swedish-English translationSjöberg-Hawke, Carina January 2018 (has links)
This study analyses the comparative frequency of “direct reader address” in English and Swedish walking guidebook texts. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of specific linguistic features that constitute “direct reader address”, the study aims to highlight the importance of considering reader expectation of a text, i.e. the target culture’s text conventions when translating. The linguistic features in focus are those which help to establish a familiar relationship between reader and writer and thus set up an imaginary dialogue. These are: second-person pronouns, first-person inclusive plural pronouns and verbs in the imperative mood. A translation corpus of walking-guidebook extracts (10 English originals, 11 Swedish originals and their English translations) and my own Swedish-to-English translation of such a text were analysed in order to a) determine to what extent “direct reader address” is used in Swedish and English original walking guidebooks; b) determine to what extent “direct reader address” is retained and used in English translations of Swedish walking guidebooks; and c) discuss the implications of this for translators of such texts. The results of the investigation show that although “direct reader address” does appear in both Swedish and English original guidebooks, it is more prevalent in English ones. Imperative verbs are the most common of all the relevant linguistic features. The results also show that the trend is not only to retain in English translations what “direct reader address” existed in Swedish originals but also sometimes to add “direct reader address” for reasons of syntax and idiomatic usage. The implications are that a target culture’s text conventions are consequential when translating a walking guidebook because they relate to reader expectation, in particular in relation to linguistic features of “direct reader address”. To translate well, and where deadlines allow, it is recommended that a translator’s strategy should try to address reader expectation.
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Action in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: an Enactive Psycho-phenomenological and Semiotic Analysis of Thirty New Zealand Women's Experiences of Suffering and RecoveryHart, M J Alexandra January 2010 (has links)
This research into Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents the results of 60 first-person psycho-phenomenological interviews with 30 New Zealand women. The participants were recruited from the Canterbury and Wellington regions, 10 had recovered. Taking a non-dual, non-reductive embodied approach, the phenomenological data was analysed semiotically, using a graph-theoretical cluster analysis to elucidate the large number of resulting categories, and interpreted through the enactive approach to cognitive science.
The initial result of the analysis is a comprehensive exploration of the experience of CFS which develops subject-specific categories of experience and explores the relation of the illness to universal categories of experience, including self, ‘energy’, action, and being-able-to-do.
Transformations of the self surrounding being-able-to-do and not-being-able-to-do were shown to elucidate the illness process.
It is proposed that the concept ‘energy’ in the participants’ discourse is equivalent to the Mahayana Buddhist concept of ‘contact’. This characterises CFS as a breakdown of contact. Narrative content from the recovered interviewees reflects a reestablishment of contact.
The hypothesis that CFS is a disorder of action is investigated in detail.
A general model for the phenomenology and functional architecture of action is proposed. This model is a recursive loop involving felt meaning, contact, action, and perception and appears to be phenomenologically supported.
It is proposed that the CFS illness process is a dynamical decompensation of the subject’s action loop caused by a breakdown in the process of contact.
On this basis, a new interpretation of neurological findings in relation to CFS becomes possible. A neurological phenomenon that correlates with the illness and involves a brain region that has a similar structure to the action model’s recursive loop is identified in previous research results and compared with the action model and the results of this research. This correspondence may identify the brain regions involved in the illness process, which may provide an objective diagnostic test for the condition and approaches to treatment.
The implications of this model for cognitive science and CFS should be investigated through neurophenomenological research since the model stands to shed considerable light on the nature of consciousness, contact and agency.
Phenomenologically based treatments are proposed, along with suggestions for future research on CFS. The research may clarify the diagnostic criteria for CFS and guide management and treatment programmes, particularly multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches.
Category theory is proposed as a foundation for a mathematisation of phenomenology.
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