Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-08T13:19:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelfelipecoelhoneves.pdf: 4428183 bytes, checksum: c285f713f0bc1b3a74476dcda5baab40 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T13:27:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelfelipecoelhoneves.pdf: 4428183 bytes, checksum: c285f713f0bc1b3a74476dcda5baab40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T13:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelfelipecoelhoneves.pdf: 4428183 bytes, checksum: c285f713f0bc1b3a74476dcda5baab40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-01 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A substituição de combustíveis fósseis por biocombustíveis obtidos a partir de fontes renováveis consiste em uma importante estratégia para minimizar as emissões de gases do efeito estufa. Neste sentido, a conversão da biomassa lignocelulósica em biocombustíveis representa uma fonte sustentável que atende à demanda global de energia. Elétrons de baixa energia em plasmas têm potencial para superar a resistência físico-química da biomassa possibilitando a geração de produtos químicos de alto valor. Isto ocorre devido à quebra química induzida pela captura eletrônica dissociativa ou por processos de fragmentação através da excitação ou ionização por impacto de elétrons. Nesta tese foi investigado o espalhamento de elétrons pelas biomoléculas fenol e furfural, que são subunidades da biomassa lignocelulósica. Espectros experimentais de perda de energia de elétrons (EPEE) foram registrados para o fenol e furfural, para energias de impacto de 15, 20, 30, 40 e 250 eV, para ângulos entre 10◦ e 90◦. Estes espectros foram usados para obtenção de Seção de Choque (SC) e Força de Oscilador Generalizada (FOG) para as transições eletrônicas permitidas por dipolo, possibilitando também, a determinação de suas Forças de Oscilador Óptico. Seções de Choque Diferenciais (SCD) foram medidas para a excitação por impacto de elétrons de estados eletrônicos, bem como de modos vibracionais compostos não resolvidos do fenol. Estas investigações fornecem os primeiros resultados publicados na literatura para os estados eletrônicos excitados singleto e tripleto do fenol, até o primeiro potencial de ionização, e ainda, para as Seções de Choque de excitações vibracionais. Foram também obtidos dados de Seções de Choque Integrais (SCI) para excitações eletrônicas e vibracionais por impacto de elétrons em fenol. Dados de Seções de Choque Diferenciais Triplas (SCDT) para a ionização do fenol por impacto de elétrons (e, 2e) foram gerados através de uma cinemática coplanar assimétrica para energia eletrônica incidente de 250eV. Para o furfural, os dados experimentais foram utilizados em conjunto com cálculos teóricos na atribuição de seus estados excitados. A boa concordância entre os resultados teóricos e os experimentais permite fornecer a primeira atribuição quantitativa da espectroscopia dos estados eletrônicos do furfural na faixa de energia estudada. / Replacing fossil fuels with biofuels obtained from renewable sources is an important strategy to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. In this sense, the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels is a sustainable source of energy to meet global energy demands. Low-energy electrons in plasmas have the potential to overcome the biomass physicochemical resistance enabling the production of high value chemicals. This happens due to chemical breakdown induced through dissociative electron attachment or electron impact excitation- or ionizationfragmentation processes. In this thesis was investigated the electron scattering by the biomolecules phenol and furfural, that are subunits of the lignocellulosic biomass. Experimental electron-energy loss spectra (EELS) were recorded to phenol and furfural, measured at impact energies of 15, 20, 30, 40 and 250 eV, for angles between 10◦ and 90◦. These spectra were used to derive Cross Sections (CS) and Generalized Oscillator Strengths (GOS) for the dipoleallowed electronic transitions, also allowing the determination of their Optical Oscillator Strengths. Differential cross sections (DCS’s) were measured for the electron-impact excitation of the electronic states as well as of a number of composite unresolved vibrational modes in phenol. These investigations provide the first results published on the literature to singlet and triplet excited electronic states of phenol, up to the first ionization potential and, to the vibrational excitation Cross Sections. In addition, it were obtained integral cross sections (ICS’s) data for electron impact vibrational and electronic excitations in phenol. Triple differential cross sections (TDCS) data for the electron-impact ionization of phenol (e,2e) were generated with coplanar asymmetrical kinematics for an incident electron energy of 250 eV. Regarding to furfural, the experimental data were used along with calculations in order to assign the excited states. The good agreement between the theoretical results and the measurements allows providing the first quantitative assignment of the electronic state spectroscopy of furfural over the energy range studied.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-09T13:42:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 helensilvamarinho.pdf: 3306567 bytes, checksum: a26c4de3a06861aae569017b37ca14e2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-27T13:25:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 helensilvamarinho.pdf: 3306567 bytes, checksum: a26c4de3a06861aae569017b37ca14e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T13:25:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 helensilvamarinho.pdf: 3306567 bytes, checksum: a26c4de3a06861aae569017b37ca14e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-05 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Neste trabalho foram realizadas medidas de Seção de Choque Diferencial Elástica (SCDE) para o espalhamento de elétrons de baixa energia por moléculas poliatômicas, utilizando uma nova versão do Método de Fluxo Relativo (MFR) associado a uma fenda acoplada a um tubo móvel como fonte de gás. Tal técnica foi desenvolvida por M. A. Khakoo et al. Neste novo MFR, as SCDEs são obtidas sem nenhum conhecimento prévio do diâmetro molecular cinético dos gases estudados. Esta modificação permite que o novo MFR seja mais preciso e rápido do que o MFR convencional e também capaz ser aplicado a uma série de compostos que não eram possíveis de serem estudados anteriormente. As medidas da SCDE foram obtidas para as moléculas dos álcoois metanol, etanol, n-propanol e n-butanol, cujos diâmetros cinéticos não são conhecidos na literatura, gerando dados inéditos sobre estes alvos. A região energética trabalhada foi entre 1 e 100 eV e os ângulos de espalhamento entre 5 e 130°. Medidas adicionais de SCDE foram obtidas para as moléculas de H2 e N2 a fim ratificar o novo MFR utilizado. Os dados dessas duas moléculas mostraram-se em ótima concordância com dados da literatura, tanto teóricos quanto experimentais, evidenciando a excelência da nova técnica e o desempenho do espectrômetro. Em um teste adicional para o MFR, medidas de SCDE para o vapor de água também foram registradas. Porém, as medidas encontradas se mostraram em grande desacordo quantitativo com experimentos realizados no passado, que utilizaram o MFR convencional. Esta discrepância encontrada levou ao questionamento das medidas de SCDE da água publicadas anteriormente na literatura, sugerindo à comunidade científica que dados de SCDE para moléculas da água fossem revisados, uma vez que o diâmetro cinético encontrado por estes experimentos realizados se mostraram substancialmente maiores (1,8 vezes) àqueles utilizados para medidas anteriormente publicadas. / In this work were performed measurements of Elastic Differential Cross Section (EDCS) for low energy by polyatomic molecules electron scattering using a new version of Relative Flow Method (RFM) associated to an aperture coupled in a movable tube as a source of gas. This technique was developed by M. A. Khakoo et al. In this new RFM the EDCSs are obtained without any previous information about kinetic molecular diameter of the gas in study. That modification allowed us apply the new RFM more accurately and faster than the conventional RFM and also, apply it to several compounds which were not possible to be studied previously. The measurements of EDCS were obtained for alcohols molecules as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol e n-butanol, whose molecular diameters were not published in the literature, generating new information about these targets. The energetic range worked was from 1 to 100 eV and the scattering angles from 5 to 130°. Additional measurements of EDCS were obtained for H2 e N2 to provide a excellent test to the new RFM. The data for these molecules are in excellent agreement with compared data from literature, thus theoretical as experimental showing the excellence of the new technique and the performance of spectrometer. In an additional test for the RFM, measurements of EDCS for water vapor were registered. However, these measurements are in a big quantitative disagreement with experiments developed in the past witch applied the conventional RFM. This discrepancy took to questioning of the measurements of EDCS previously published for water in the literature suggesting to the scientific community that EDCS data for water be revised despite the kinetic molecular diameter found in our experiment showed bigger (1.8 times) than those published in the past.

Orientadores: Jose Guilherme Cecatti, Maria Laura Costa do Nascimento / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T00:58:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_EltonCarlos_M.pdf: 3220735 bytes, checksum: adb82ed562a5753986a41b8a54b80cb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Objetivo: avaliar a distribuição dos partos segundo o Sistema de Classificação em Dez Grupos de Robson (RTGCS) explorando os dados da Rede Brasileira de Vigilância da Morbidade Materna Grave (RBVMMG) e do Hospital da Mulher (CAISM) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brasil; e comparação de ambos com os dados do estudo Global Survey da Organização Mundial de Saúde (WHO). Método: Foram realizadas duas abordagens. A primeira foi uma análise secundária de um estudo de corte transversal multicêntrico que ocorreu em 27 maternidades brasileiras de referência, localizadas nas cinco regiões do país e participantes da RBVMMG. Foi realizada a codificação dos dados para alocação de todas as mulheres segundo o RTGCS e as mulheres foram classificadas de acordo com o espectro clínico de gravidade e a condição subjacente de morbidade materna grave. Para a segunda abordagem, foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal, com avaliação das mulheres admitidas para parto no CAISM no período de janeiro 2009 a julho de 2013. As mulheres foram agrupadas segundo a RTGCS e, adicionalmente, a distribuição das mulheres entre os diferentes grupos foi comparada entre os casos que tiveram morbidade materna grave, operacionalmente definida pela necessidade de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), com os demais casos sem complicações graves. Para as duas abordagens (RBVMMG e CAISM), realizou-se também uma comparação com resultados publicados de outro grande estudo, realizado em diferentes contextos e países, fundamentalmente com os dados para o Brasil, disponíveis no estudo Global Survey da WHO. Resultados: Para a RBVMMG, das 7247 mulheres que compuseram o estudo, 73.2% foram submetidas à cesariana (CS). O grupo 10, grupo com provável indicação de cesárea por complicação materna e/ou fetal, foi o mais prevalente com 33.9% e também aquele com maior contribuição para a taxa geral de cesárea, 28%. Os grupos que tiveram maior gravidade (¨near miss¨ e óbito materno) foram, em ordem decrescente, os grupos 7 e 9, o grupo 8 e o grupo 10. O grupo 3 teve um caso de resultado materno grave (¨near miss¨ + óbito materno) para cada 29 casos de condição potencialmente ameaçadora da vida. Nas mulheres desse grupo submetidas a CS, essa relação atingiu valores de 1:10. Em todos os grupos avaliados, a hipertensão foi o fator de gravidade mais frequente. Na segunda abordagem, foram admitidas 12.771 parturientes durante o período do estudo. A taxa de cesariana encontrada foi de 46.6%. O grupo 1 foi o mais prevalente com 28.1%, sendo o grupo 5 aquele que mais contribui para a taxa geral de cesárea (12.7%). Apresentaram, proporcionalmente, mais internação em UTI os grupos 10 (46.8%), 5 (13.3%) e 2 com 9.8%. Conclusões: O estudo evidenciou uma alta taxa de cesárea nas duas populações avaliadas e o uso do RTGCS mostrou-se útil, evidenciando grupos clinicamente relevantes com alta taxa de parto por cesárea. Estudos futuros serão necessários para melhor avaliar a associação entre cesárea e morbidade materna grave, assim como definir possíveis intervenções e a taxa de cesárea esperada para esse grupo específico de mulheres / Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the distribution of delivering women according to the Robson¿s Ten Group Classification System (RTGCS) exploring the data from the Brazilian Network for the Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity (RBVMMG) and from a tertiary hospital (CAISM), University of Campinas, Brazil; comparing both data with that from the WHO Global survey. Method: Two approaches were proposed. The first, a secondary analysis of a database obtained from a multicenter cross-sectional study taking place in 27 referral obstetric units located in the five geographical regions of Brazil, members of the Brazilian Network for the Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity (RBVMMG), was carried out. For this analysis, data was organized following information necessary to classify all women into one of the RTGCS and cases from each of the 10 groups were classified according to case severity and underlying cause of severe morbidity. Subsequently, certain Robson groups were subdivided for further analysis. For the second approach, a cross-sectional study of data from women delivering at CAISM from January 2009 to July 2013 was carried out. Women were grouped according to RTGCS and, additionally, the distribution of women among the different groups was compared between cases who had severe maternal morbidity (SMM), operationally defined by intensive care unit (ICU) admission, with the other cases without severe complications. For both approaches (RBVMMG and CAISM), patients distributed among groups were compared to another Brazilian study population, available on the WHO Global Survey study. Results: For RBVMMG, among the 7247 women considered, 73.2% underwent cesarean section (CS). Group 10 had the highest prevalence rate (33.9%), also contributing most significantly (28%) to the overall CS rate. Groups associated with a severe maternal outcome (maternal ¨near miss¨ or maternal death), in decreasing order were: groups 7 and 9, 8 and 10. Group 3 had one case of severe maternal outcome (maternal ¨near miss¨ + maternal death) for every 29 cases of potentially life-threatening conditions. When evaluating only women undergoing CS in this group, ratios of 1:10 were achieved, indicating a worse outcome. Among all groups evaluated, hypertension was the most common condition of severity. For CAISM, of the 12771 women, 46.6% underwent CS. Group 1 had the highest prevalence rate (28%) and Group 5 contributed most significantly to overall CS rates. ICU admission was proportionally higher in groups 10 (46.8%), 5 (13.3%) and 2 with 9.8%.Conclusions: The study demonstrated a high cesarean section rate in the two populations studied and the use of RTGCS proved to be extremely useful, showing clinically relevant groups with high rates of cesarean section. Future studies are needed to better evaluate the association between cesarean section and severe maternal morbidity, as well as to define possible interventions and the expected cesarean section rate for this particular group of women / Mestrado / Saúde Materna e Perinatal / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde

L’armature en acier est le renforcement interne le plus utilisé dans les structures en béton armé dans le domaine du génie civil. Dans le paysage nord-américain, il peut être facilement observable que ces structures avec ce type armature présentent une détérioration avancée due à une corrosion importante. C’est pour cette raison, depuis quelques décennies, que l’armature en polymère renforcé de fibres (PRF) fait partie d’une recherche intensive. Jusqu’à maintenant, cette armature a démontré sa faisabilité à plusieurs reprises. Dans ce un premier temps, la caractérisation des barres de PRF a fait l’objet d’une batterie de recherche faramineuse. Ensuite, les poutres, étant donné que c’est l’un des éléments les plus importants dans une structure en béton armé, ont été étudiées en flexion et en cisaillement sur près de deux décennies. Il y a également eu les dalles, les murs de refend, la longueur d’ancrage, les poutres profondes, etc. qui ont été énormément étudiés. Dernièrement, les colonnes sont étudiées pour en comprendre leur comportement. De plus, les normes actuelles ne donnent soit pas ou pas assez d’informations pour être en mesure de calculer adéquatement ces éléments structuraux. C’est la raison pourquoi il faut effectuer d’avantage de recherche pour mettre à jours les différentes normes. Le groupe de recherche du professeur Brahim Benmokrane a été mandaté par le comité de l’American Concrete Intitute ACI440 pour aider à développer la première norme américaine sur les éléments en béton armé renforcés de PRFV. Le guide actuel, soit l’ACI440.1R-15, ne fait pas office de loi pour les praticiens. En ce qui concerne les colonnes, ce guide ne mentionne aucune ligne directrice pour le calcul de ces éléments structuraux. La recherche étant mise en place par le professeur Carol Shield, du Department of Civil Engineering, Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering à l’Université de Minneapolis, au Minnesota et du professeur Antonio Nanni, du Department of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering à l’Université de Miami, en Floride, tous deux membres du comité de l’ACI440, le but est de développer et de valider l’utilisation des barres de PRFV dans les colonnes en béton armé. C’est également grâce à deux partenaires (fournisseurs) de barres de PRFV que ce projet a pu se réaliser. Du côté canadien, les barres sablées sont fournies par la compagnie Pultrall inc et du côté américain, ce sont des barres déformées sablées de la compagnie Hughes Brother. Les deux types de barres sont les plus utilisés jusqu’à présent dans les nouvelles constructions. À travers un programme expérimental et analytique, 20 colonnes à pleine échelle en béton armé ont été testées avec une charge excentrique. Les colonnes ont comme dimensions 406 mm x 406 mm x 2 032 mm. Elles ont été dimensionnées selon les normes ACI318-15 et ACI440.1R-15. Les spécimens se divisent en quatre séries de quatre colonnes chacune. La série I est formée de six barres No.6 (Type A). La série II est formée de huit barres No.6 (Type A). La série III est composée de huit barres No.8 (Type A). La série IV, quant à elle, est formée de six barres No.6 (Type B). Les types A et B sont des PRFV. Finalement, la série V est formée de six barres No.6 en acier, qui est la référence. L'objectif principal est de tester ces spécimens pour étudier le comportement des poteaux-poutres sous chargement combiné de compression et de flexion. Les essais expérimentaux ont été réalisés dans les laboratoires de structure, de la Faculté de génie, de l’Université de Sherbrooke. L’objectif principal de ces essais est d’étudier le comportement des colonnes. Sur la base des conclusions des essais expérimentaux, les colonnes de PRFV ont eu un comportement similaire aux colonnes renforcées avec de l’armature en acier. Plus l’excentricité est grande, moins la capacité axiale est élevée. Pour une même excentricité, les colonnes de PRFV présentent le même mode de rupture, mis à part le comportement différent de l’armature. Lorsqu’on augmente la rigidité axiale de l’armature longitudinale, la capacité axiale augmente. Il a été enregistré que les barres d’armature de PRF ont contribué à la résistance en flexion composée. Il a été remarqué qu’il y avait trois zones distinctes, comme le suggère la norme américaine ACI318-15 : la zone contrôlée en compression, la zone de transition compression/traction et la zone contrôlée par la traction. Finalement, le calcul théorique pour l’obtention du diagramme d’interaction P-M est sécuritaire par rapport aux résultats expérimentaux. Cette sécurité est plus observable lorsqu’on néglige la contribution des barres de PRFV en compression, incluse dans l’axe neutre.

Section 217 of the Constitution of South Africa regulates the procurement of goods and or services by any organ of state. Similarly, this section mandates state-owned institutions to adhere to a procurement system that promotes groups that were previously disadvantaged by past colonial and apartheid regimes. In this dissertation I argue that due to South Africa’s oppressive culture, the law has been ineffective in promoting the socio economic interests of black women due to race, gender and class subjugation. Firstly, central to my argument is the judiciary’s traditional role that is still steeped in an interpretative process of the law that is detrimental to the transformative spirit of the Constitution. In identifying the South African judiciary system as positivistic in nature I will critically analyse the Sonke Gender Justice Network v Malema hate speech court case. I posit that the Equality Court’s decision was mainly result based and as a result fell short of addressing the core issues affecting black women on the basis of race, gender and class which mirror the substantial part of the South African socio economic structure. Secondly, in support of my argument, I criticise a legislative framework that perpetuates socio economic disparities at the expense of a group in society it claims to protect. Whilst I will rely on American Legal Realism and Critical Legal Studies in support of my arguments, my main theoretical approach will be based on Critical Race Feminism. Lastly, intersectionality will be used in contextualising the interrelationships of race, gender and class as they impact on black women’s material circumstances in the regulatory legislative public procurement process. When the Constitution came into effect in 1994 South Africa became an egalitarian state. Nevertheless, the country is struggling with the prevalence of unemployment, poverty, HIV/Aids, skills shortages, male violence including rape, to name just a few. These social ills pose a threat to a Constitution that extolls values like dignity, freedom and equality for all. It so happens also that the majority of the people confronted by these socio economic challenges are black women. The tender process faces numerous challenges and by identifying the South African culture as oppressive supported by a legal process that stifles transformation, this study expounds the experiences of black women by engaging in a contextual analysis of the courts and legislation. This consciousness raising exercise is not meant to portray black women as victims or invoking “special treatment” in the legal realm. It resonates with Steve Biko’s theme of black consciousness, being aware of the marginalisation and addressing it. Black consciousness represents an emancipatory state and optimistic outlook. Consciousness raising situates the oppression of black women in any form as a site for struggle, a struggle for social and individual change. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Jurisprudence / unrestricted

Master of Science / Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science / Kimberly W. Kramer / Of seismic steel lateral force resisting systems in practice today, the Moment Frame has most diverse connection types. Special Moment frames resist lateral loads through energy dissipation of the inelastic deformation of the beam members. The 1994 Northridge earthquake proved that the standard for welded beam-column connections were not sufficient to prevent damage to the connection or failure of the connection. Through numerous studies, new methods and standards for Special Moment Frame connections are presented in the Seismic Design Manual 2nd Edition to promote energy dissipation away from the beam-column connection. A common type of SMF is the Reduce Beams Section (RBS). To encourage inelastic deformation away from the beam-column connection, the beam flange’s dimensions are reduced a distance away from the beam-column connection; making the member “weaker” at that specific location dictating where the plastic hinging will occur during a seismic event. The reduction is usually taken in a semi-circular pattern. Another type of SMF connection is the Kaiser Bolted Bracket® (KBB) which consists of brackets that stiffen the beam-column connection. KBB connections are similar to RBS connections as the stiffness is higher near the connection and lower away from the connection. Instead of reducing the beam’s sectional properties, KBB uses a bracket to stiffen the connection. The building used in this parametric study is a 4-story office building. This thesis reports the results of the parametric study by comparing two SMF connections: Reduced Beam Section and Kaiser Bolted Brackets. This parametric study includes results from three Seismic Design Categories; B, C, and D, and the use of two different foundation connections; fixed and pinned. The purpose of this parametric study is to compare member sizes, member forces, and story drift. The results of Seismic Design Category D are discussed in depth in this thesis, while the results of Seismic Design Category B and C are provided in the Appendices.

Bakgrund: Kejsarsnitt har blivit vanligare, orsaken kan vara medicinska indikationer, men också förlossningsrädsla. Att kvinnor som föder barn vaginalt får en bättre upplevelse om de får stöd av en medmänniska är välkänt. Studier av kvinnor som föder barn med planerade kejsarsnitt visar att de också behöver stöd. Detta stöd ges framför allt av anestesisjuksköterskor eftersom barnmorskan är sterilklädd. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur anestesisjuksköterskan ger stöd till den födande kvinnan vid planerat kejsarsnitt i spinalanestesi. Metod: En empirisk, deskriptiv studie med kvalitativ ansats genomfördes. Fem anestesisjuksköterskor intervjuades. Deras berättelser analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fem olika teman och tio subkategorier. Resultatet visar hur anestesisjuksköterskorna ger stöd. Temana var främja delaktighet (kommunicera, involvera närstående), värna integritet (stå bakom, dela födelsen), inge trygghet (vara närvarande, utstråla kompetens, teamarbete) och skapa relation (emotionellt engagemang, använda personligheten, känna in den unika patienten). Det femte temat produktionskrav beskriver de tidspressade förhållanden som gäller där anestesisjuksköterskorna ger stödet. Slutsats: Att ge stöd vid kejsarsnitt innebär att anestesisjuksköterskorna pendlar mellan närhet och distans till patienten, utifrån den unika patientens behov. Målet för stödet var att den blivande modern skulle kunna föda sitt barn lugn och trygg, tillsammans med sin närstående. Arbetsmiljö med flera kejsarsnitt per dag påverkar anestesisjuksköterskornas möjligheter att ge stöd. Klinisk betydelse: Denna studie avser att öka kunskapen om anestesisjuksköterskans stöd vid planerade kejsarsnitt. Detta är en pilotstudie som det kan vara värdefullt att reflektera kring som kliniskt verksam anestesisjuksköterska. / Background: Caesarean section has become more common, the cause may be medical indications, but also fear of childbirth. It is well known that women who give birth vaginally have a better experience if they are supported by a fellow human being. Studies of women who give birth with planned caesarean section shows that they also need support. The purpose was to describe how the nurse anesthetist provides support to the woman in labor at elective caesarean section in spinal anesthesia. Method: An empirical, descriptive study with qualitative approach was conducted. Five nurse anesthetists were interviewed. Their stories were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The results revealed five different themes and ten subcategories. The results show how a nurse anesthetist provides support. Nurse anesthetists provide support by promoting participation, protect integrity, provide safety and build relationships. The fifth theme, which is called the production requirements, describes the time-strained circumstances of the place where nurse anesthetists provide support. Conclusion: Nurse anesthetists were prepared to provide support so that the mother could give birth to the baby while feeling safe and calm. Working environment with multiple caesarean sections per day affects nurse anesthetist capacity to provide support. Clinical significance: This study intends to increase awareness of the nurse anesthetist support for this form of childbirth. This is a pilot study that it may be useful for the clinically active nurse anesthetist to reflect on.

Objetivo: Determinar potenciales factores de riesgo para diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles realizado en el Hospital Alberto Sabogal mediante recolección de historias clínicas del 2009 a 2014. Se define como caso las gestantes con diagnóstico de DMG mediante una prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (PTOG), previa glucosa en ayunas anormal y control a la gestante sin valores indicativos de DMG. Las variables de interés fueron paridad, antecedente de cesáreas, abortos y recién nacido con mayor peso. Modelos de regresión logística fueron calculados para estimar odd ratios (OR) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Se incluyeron 84 casos y 336 controles. En el modelo multivariado, la multiparidad incrementó el riesgo de DMG (OR= 3,54; IC95% 1,55 – 8,14). También, antecedente de abortos, a partir del segundo aborto (OR= 3,40, IC95% 1,55 – 7,44) y cesáreas previas (1 cesárea OR= 3,5 IC95% 1,89 – 6,47 y 2+ cesáreas OR=8,35 IC95% 3,50 – 19,95). La multiparidad, dos o más abortos y mayor número de cesáreas son factores de riesgo para DMG. / Objectives: To identify risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A case-control study was performed in Alberto Sabogal Hospital, collecting medical records from 2009 to 2014. A case was defined as a pregnant women diagnosed with GDM by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after an abnormal fasting glucose and control was defined as a pregnant women without GDM indicative values. The study outcome was GDM. The variables of interest were multiparity, previous cesarean section, abortions, newborn with the greatest weight. Logistic regression were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and a confidence interval of 95% (IC95%). Results: 84 cases and 336 controls were included. In the multivariate model, multiparity increased risk of GDM (OR= 3.54, 95% CI 1.55 to 8.14). As well history of abortions, from the second abortion (OR= 3.40, 95% CI 1.55 to 7.44) and previous cesarean section are also related (cesarean section 1 OR= 3.5 95% CI 1.89 to 6.47 and 2+ cesarean OR= 8.35 95% CI 3.50 to 19.95). Multiparity, two or more abortions, a biggest number of cesarean sections are GDM risk factors.

The main goal of this thesis is the analysis of the employment progress in one of the most prospective sectors of the Czech economy -- the finance and insurance sector. The sector is characterised and classified and the main historic, economic and legislative determinants are addressed in the theoretical part of this thesis. The main focus of the subsequent analytical part of the thesis is the employment progress of the sector from the perspective of profession, age, culture and branch. An additional goal of the thesis is to compare the labour force demand of the finance and insurance sector with the structure of school-leavers who will come into their own through the sector. I conclude the thesis by evaluating future potential trends and employment progress.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des éléments finis poutres corotationnels 2D et 3D pour l’analyse du comportement dynamique non-linéaire des structures à barres. La contribution majeure de cette thèse est l’utilisation de fonctions d’interpolations cubiques à la fois pour la détermination de l’expression des efforts internes mais aussi celle des termes d’inertie. En négligeant le carré du déplacement transversal dans le repère local, une expression analytique des termes dynamiques en 2D est obtenue. Sur base d’une étude comparative approfondie sur la paramétrisation des rotations et les algorithmes d’intégration temporelle et d’une approximation des rotations locales, nous proposons deux éléments finis poutre 3D précis et robustes. Contrairement au premier, le second élément 3D prend en compte les déformations de gauchissement et l'excentricité du centre de cisaillement. Les diverses comparaisons réalisées démontrent la pertinence des formulations proposées. / The purpose of this thesis is to propose several corotational beam formulations for both 2D and 3D nonlinear dynamic analyse of flexible structures. The main novelty of these formulations is that the cubic interpolation functions are used to derive not only the internal force vector and the tangent stiffness matrix but also the inertial force vector and the dynamic matrix. By neglecting the quadratic terms of the local transversal displacements, closed-form expressions for the inertial terms are obtained for 2D problems. Based on an extensive comparative study of the parameterizations of the finite rotations and the time stepping method, and by adopting an approximation of the local rotations, two consistent and effective beam formulations for 3D dynamics are developed. In contrast with the first formulation, the second one takes into account the warping deformations and the shear center eccentricity. The accuracy of these formulations is demonstrated through several numerical examples.