This thesis investigates the turn to a neo-revivalist Muslim identity in the West as a form of self-othering. The binary dichotomy of self and other is used as a framework for the apparent divide between Muslims and the West. Second and third-generation disapora neo-revivalists personalise religion and through their hermeneutics seek an expression of religion that transcends cultural practice. They self-other in a way reactionary to society, and also react to the religion of their parents’ generation, which for them is not spiritual enough and instead is too steeped in cultural practices. Secularism and the post-secular turn is considered in Western society to provide context to the West that these neo-revivalists are located within. The diversity of Muslims is investigated to contextualise the neo-revivalist shift, which rather than being tolerant of diversity amongst Muslims seeks a separation of culture from religion. As second- and third-generation diaspora Muslims are the children of Muslim migrants to the West, the inter-generational divide is investigated. First-generation migrants have a continuity to their religious expression based on their experiences within the country of origin, whereas second- and third-generation migrants engage in a re-negotiation process to enable their religiosity to be relevant to Western societies. Qualitative case studies relating to the performance of religious identity, that is necessarily public, are utilised from Britain and the United States to further contextualise neo-revivalism. Literary mediation and mediatisation are examined in the context and globalisation. Contemporary literature is utilised to consider the self-critique of issues relating to integration and assimilation of Muslims in Western society by Muslims in Western societies. These cosmopolitan voices provide an internal understanding of the issues involved. Media-technologies have enabled a wide range of discourses to circulate about the current geopolitic following ‘9/11’ and Muslims themselves have utilised these mediated-technologies, and as such, neo-revivalism is necessarily a product of time, place and circumstance. Finally, a conclusion is reached and in seeking to understand the neo-revivalist turn and the place of Muslims in the West, a cosmopolitan ethic of integration is proposed that seeks to turn away from essentialisations and binary oppositions, but instead, through an engagement in respectful and reflexive critical dialogue, it is hoped that our shared universal humanity may be realised.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal o estudo da narrativa A Confissão de Lúcio, de Mário de Sá-Carneiro, através do estranho e seu duplo, na perspectiva freudiana. Além disso, os conceitos de eu e outro, na visão de Jacques Lacan. É realizado o estudo de alguns poemas e correspondências, bem como de fragmentos de outros textos em prosa do escritor português. Temas como: o desejo de morte, a angústia, o delírio, o amor e o gozo também são abordados. Destaca-se a importância da cidade de Paris que comparece na obra de Sá-Carneiro, como símbolo da modernidade / This dissertation has as main objective the study of narrative A Confissão de Lucio from Mário de Sá-Carneiro, through the strange and his double on freudian perspective. Moreover, the concepts of self and other, in the view of Jacques Lacan. It carried out a study of some poems and letters, as well fragments of other texts in prose from the portuguese writer. Topics such as: the desire for death, anguish, delirium, love and pleasure are also discussed. The study highlights the importance of Paris which appears in Sá-Carneiros fiction as a symbol of modernity

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal o estudo da narrativa A Confissão de Lúcio, de Mário de Sá-Carneiro, através do estranho e seu duplo, na perspectiva freudiana. Além disso, os conceitos de eu e outro, na visão de Jacques Lacan. É realizado o estudo de alguns poemas e correspondências, bem como de fragmentos de outros textos em prosa do escritor português. Temas como: o desejo de morte, a angústia, o delírio, o amor e o gozo também são abordados. Destaca-se a importância da cidade de Paris que comparece na obra de Sá-Carneiro, como símbolo da modernidade / This dissertation has as main objective the study of narrative A Confissão de Lucio from Mário de Sá-Carneiro, through the strange and his double on freudian perspective. Moreover, the concepts of self and other, in the view of Jacques Lacan. It carried out a study of some poems and letters, as well fragments of other texts in prose from the portuguese writer. Topics such as: the desire for death, anguish, delirium, love and pleasure are also discussed. The study highlights the importance of Paris which appears in Sá-Carneiros fiction as a symbol of modernity

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:35:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4358.pdf: 1184682 bytes, checksum: 98b0aaf365f932f3c9c9044e542131a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This doctoral thesis is part of the line of research Teaching and Learning Processes . The aim of this study was to discuss dialogical relations between the self and the other on the perspectives of the authors Bakhtin and Paulo Freire, in order to promote the practice of freedom within the school. We conducted this discussion including the concepts of ethics, aesthetics, ideology, consciousness and language. Both authors emphasize the historical, subjective and ideological character in the formation of the self and the other and the dialogical relations emphasizing the horizon of possibilities that constitutes them. We stress that the action of teaching can encourage the practice of listening in their training, as well as in the student s; it also brings forward the importance of the teacher in the learning how to read the world and the word, favoring the quest for transformation and freedom. We can notice that in the schooling process the reading and writing practice may allow us teachers and students, to become critics and show responsiveness, thus, to search for liberty and transformation. It was possible to be noticed, along our study, that the self is, in Freirean and Bakhtinian perspective, necessarily formed by the interaction with the other, an important relation in the formation of consciousness, ideology, and also of responsibility (ethics combined with aesthetics), that conceive different dialogical relations, without which they may not be, without a self, without an other. We were able to observe the different dialogical relations for Bakhtin and Paulo Freire which allow the formation of a self commited to an other, to the world, in search for freedom. We conducted the discussion on education, regarding specifically the role of the progressive educator in teaching, and the importance of literacy, the reading the world, the reading and writing words. Hopefully this study will contribute to understanding the relations between the self and the other, between the teacher and the student, within school and in life. / A presente tese de doutorado insere-se na linha de pesquisa de Processos de Ensino e de Aprendizagem. O objetivo dessa tese foi discutir as relações dialógicas e do eu e do outro nas perspectivas dos autores Bakhtin e Paulo Freire, no sentido de favorecer uma prática da liberdade no âmbito escolar. Realizamos essa discussão incluindo os conceitos de ética, estética, ideologia, consciência e linguagem. Ambos os autores destacam o caráter histórico, subjetivo e ideológico na formação do eu e do outro e das relações dialógicas, enfatizando o horizonte de possibilidades que os constitui. Destacamos que a ação docente pode incentivar a prática da escuta em sua formação e na do educando, bem como traz à luz a importância do docente na aprendizagem da leitura de mundo e da palavra, favorecendo a busca pela transformação e liberdade. Podemos perceber que no processo de escolarização a prática da leitura e da escrita pode permitir a nós professores e educandos que nos tornemos críticos e que tenhamos responsividade e assim, juntos façamos a busca pela liberdade e a transformação. Notamos ao longo de nosso estudo que o eu se forma necessariamente na perspectiva bakhtiniana e freireana pela interação com o outro, numa importante relação na formação da consciência, da ideologia, juntamente com a responsabilidade (ética aliada à estética), que concebem diferentes relações dialógicas, sem as quais não se fazem presentes sem um eu, sem um outro. Pudemos verificar as diferentes relações dialógicas para Bakhtin e para Paulo Freire que possibilitam a formação de um eu comprometido com um outro, com o mundo em busca da liberdade. Realizamos a discussão no âmbito da educação, especificamente em relação ao papel do educador progressista, no que se referia à prática do ensino, à importância da alfabetização, da leitura do mundo, da leitura e da escrita das palavras. Esperamos que com esse estudo possamos contribuir para a compreensão de como se dá a relação entre o eu e o outro, entre o educador e o educando no âmbito escolar e na vida.

Over the course of four sections this PhD examines the ways in which the Aristotelian, Stoic and Epicurean philosophers portray bodily activity. In particular, it argues that their claims regarding bodies' natural tendency to preserve themselves, and seek out the goods capable of promoting their well-being, came to influence Hobbes's and Spinoza's later accounts of natural, animal and social behaviour. The first section presents the ancient accounts of natural and animal bodily tendencies and explores the specific ways in which the Aristotelian, Stoic and Epicurean views on animal desires came to complement and diverge from each other. After investigating the perceived links between natural philosophy, psychology and ethics, the section proceeds to consider how the ancients used this 'unified' view of nature to guide their accounts of the soul's primary appetites and desires. Also examined is the extent to which civil society is portrayed as a means of securing the individual against others, and how Aristotelian philia, Theophrastian oikeiotês and Stoic oikeiōsis came to stand in opposition to the fear-driven and compact-based accounts of social formation favoured by the Epicureans. The second section considers how the ancient accounts of impulsive behaviour and social formation were received and diffused via new editions of ancient texts, eclectic readings of Aristotle, and the attempts of Neostoic and Neoepicurean authors to update and systematise those philosophies from the late sixteenth century onwards. The particular treatments of Hellenistic thought by authors such as Justus Lipsius, Hugo Grotius and Pierre Gassendi are considered in detail and are placed within the context of the growing trend to use Stoic and Epicurean thought to replace the authority of Aristotle in the areas of science, psychology, and politics. The final two sections are devoted respectively to considering the ways in which Hobbes and Spinoza encountered the Hellenistic accounts of bodies and demonstrating how these earlier accounts came to feature in each of their own discussions of bodily tendencies. Engaging with a wide range of their texts, each section develops the many nuances and contours that emerged as both writers developed and fine-tuned their accounts of bodily actions. This reveals the many ways in which the ancient accounts of self-preservation helped to unify large aspects of Hobbes's and Spinoza's own philosophical corpus, while equally showing how a well-developed account of bodily tendencies might challenge the scholastic worldview and expand further the boundaries of the so-called 'New Science'.

Bionic devices for reestablishing or augmenting users' capabilities (e.g., bionic prostheses or exoskeletons) are becoming increasingly common. While prior research examined how such devices affect others' perceptions of their users, little is known about how these devices affect users' self-image and -perception, and the corresponding theory is scarce. To account for this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with users of bionic upper limb prostheses to obtain insights into their self- and meta-perceptions. Results of our qualitative analysis indicate that using bionic prostheses influences the social (self-) perception of bionics users in multiple ways, such that users describe themselves as being seen as more competent by others and treated differently after receiving the bionic prosthesis in comparison to simpler models. Results imply a somewhat complex dual identity among users in the sense that the bionic device instills competence, but disability-related feelings of stigma are present simultaneously. Despite being exploratory, our findings thus indicate that using bionic devices affects users' self-perception, stereotypes, and interpersonal perceptions. The ongoing proliferation of restoring devices and the introduction of augmenting technologies in future work contexts, for example, might thus have unintended social consequences that need to be accounted for.

Projektet bygger på åtta veckors fältarbete på en oberoende teater i Peking våren 2017,baserat på antropologisk och konstnärlig metod. Det är ett försök att utveckla begreppet konstnärlig etnografi, samt tillämpa det praktiskt. I detta är konsten inte huvudsakligen en produkt eller en presentationsform, utan ett sätt att tänka, att förhålla sig till världen. Materialet består av fältanteckningar, video, foto, rörelsematerial, personliga berättelser, minnen av dofter, ljud och smaker och någonting så vagt som stämning – stadens tempo, känslan i en repsituation… Hur kan scenen förmedla en plats och dess människor? Kan jag levandegöra mina upplevelser så att de blir angelägna för någon annan än mig själv? Det praktiska arbetet utgör ett försök att besvara dessa frågor. Vilka bilder har vi, och vad ser vi när vi speglar oss i varandra? Vad betyder det att våra världar redan är sammanflätade? Spegeln som bild och lek, träder fram både som tema och metod. Begrepp som exotism, representation och mötet med den andre diskuteras, liksom växlingen mellan identifikation och främmandegörande (”othering”) som en grund för förståelse. Hur påverkas människors liv av Kinas snabba samhällsförändringar, balansgången mellan socialism och kapitalism? Och vilken roll har scenkonsten i detta? Här diskuteras frågor om yttrandefrihet, liksom relationen mellan politik och spelstil, så kallad ”fejk realism”. Frågorna knyts samman genom en diskussion om autenticitet, följd av en betraktelse om utanförskap, för att slutligen återvända till det personliga mötet, till en berättelse om kontaktsökande – om vänskap. / This project is based on eight weeks of fieldwork at an independent theatre in Beijing in the spring of 2017, based on anthropological and artistic methods. It is an attempt to develop the concept artistic ethnography, and apply it practically. In this, art is seen not mainly as a product or a form of presentation, but as a way of thinking, of relating to the world. The material consists of field notes, video, pictures, movement material, personal stories, the memories of smells, sounds and tastes and of something as vague as atmosphere – the pace of the city, the feeling of a rehearsal situation... How can the stage render a place and its people? Can I bring my experiences to life, making them relevant for anybody else? The practical artistic work with an exposition is an attempt to answer these questions. What images do we have, and what do we see when we mirror each other? What does it mean that our worlds are already intertwined? The mirror as image and play appear both as a theme and a method. Concepts like exoticism, representation and the encounter with the other are discussed, as well as the movement between identification and othering, contributing to understanding. How are people’s lives affected by China’s rapid social changes, balancing between socialism and capitalism? What role do the performing arts have in this? Questions about freedom of expression are discussed, along with the relation between politics and styles of acting, the so called “fake realism”. The research questions are tied together in a discussion of authenticity, to finally return to the personal encounter and a story of seeking contact, of friendship. / <p>Sinnlig - the movie finns länkad dels i dokumentet och dels som egen fil</p> / Movit –Direction and Dramaturgy of movement based Performing Arts

Der Begriff der ‚Selbstbezeichnung‘ gewann seine Bedeutung und Bedeutsamkeit zunächst in politischen Kontexten. Um ihn an theoretische Konzepte anschlussfähig zu machen, werden im Folgenden probeweise zwei Differenzierungen vollzogen, die sich im weiteren Verlauf jedoch beide wieder aufheben.

Human Augmentation Technologies (HATs) can improve, restore, or enhance a person’s abilities. For instance, bionic prostheses or exoskeletons in manufacturing are examples of such devices that are likely to become more widespread. This development raises concerns about how merging human bodies with technology will affect people psychologically and socially. For instance, how will it affect the way non-users view users, and how will it affect users’ self-perceptions? According to studies based on the Stereotype Content Model, the technical capabilities of these technologies will influence how others evaluate their users in terms of Warmth and Competence. However, research on the impact of these technologies is limited, and until now, there is no research on how they affect the self-perception of their users. This dissertation aims to gain a deeper understanding of the psychological effects of HAT usage. It provides more empirical evidence on their influence on social perception and explicitly addresses the user’s perspective. To broaden the relatively scarce existing knowledge and to shed more light on users’ self and meta-perception, a mixed methods approach, including three empirical studies, is employed. Two experimental studies (N1 = 459, N2 = 338) on the social perception of users of human augmentation technologies were conducted. The findings were supplemented with a qualitative study to account for the underexposed user perspective. Within ten semi-structured interviews with expert users of bionic arm prostheses, they provided crucial insights into their self-perception and how they believe others see them. Study 1, Embodied Digital Technologies: First Insights in the Social and Legal Perception of Robots and Users of Prostheses, focuses mainly on the social perception of (bionic) prosthesis users and different types of robots. Regarding HATs, findings indicate that users of low-tech prostheses were perceived as significantly less competent than users of high-tech prostheses and non-disabled individuals. Counterintuitively, we found no differences between users of low- or high-tech prostheses and non-disabled individuals in terms of attributed Sociability, whereas attributions of Morality were higher for users of both low- and high-tech prostheses. In sum, the study provides evidence for HATs’ influence on social perception insofar as the type of prosthesis or the level of technicality matters in evaluating their users. Study 2, Social Perception of Embodied Digital Technologies - A Closer Look at Bionics and Social Robotics, aims to gain a deeper understanding of how fundamental principles of social perception impact the development of attitudes towards HAT users and social robots. This study also examines how people perceive users of different prostheses and robots, focusing on their Competence, Sociability, and Morality. Users of low-tech prostheses were attributed less Competence than non-disabled individuals, but they did not differ from users of high-tech prostheses. However, users of high-tech prostheses were evaluated as competent as non-disabled persons. Once more, Sociability did not differ between people with and without disabilities. Nonetheless, Morality did: Users of low-tech prostheses were perceived as more moral than users of high-tech prostheses or non-disabled individuals, who did not differ. Study 3, The Impact of Bionic Prostheses on User´s Self-Perceptions: A Qualitative Study, aims to obtain insights into the self- and meta-perceptions of HAT users. The study’s results indicate that using bionic prostheses influences social (self-)perception in multiple ways. Users describe themselves as being seen as more competent by others and treated differently after receiving the bionic prosthesis in comparison to simpler models. Also, users report feeling more confident and experiencing higher levels of self-efficacy. Resuming, despite their somewhat mixed nature, the findings derived from the above-mentioned studies imply that using human augmentation technologies (i.e., bionic prostheses) affects not only users’ self-perceptions but also stereotypes and interpersonal perceptions. However, despite their inclusive potential and mainly positive effects on social perceptions, results also show that introducing such technologies in future (work) contexts might have unintended social repercussions that must be accounted for. Consequently, potential strategies for mitigating such unwanted side effects are discussed, implications for future research are derived, and an outlook on upcoming studies is given.:List of tables 5 List of figures 6 Abstract 7 Zusammenfassung 10 I. SYNOPSIS 14 1 Introduction 14 2 Theoretical Background 16 2.1 From Embodied Digital Technologies to Human Augmentation Technologies 17 2.2 Social Perception 20 2.2.1 Fundamental Dimensions of Social Perception 21 2.2.2 Emotional and Behavioral Consequences 25 2.2.3 Social Perception in HAT Evaluation 26 2.3 Self-perception 28 2.4 Research objectives 30 3 Study summaries 30 3.1 Study 1: Embodied Digital Technologies: First insights in the social and legal perception of robots and users of prostheses 33 3.2 Study 2: Social perception of embodied digital technologies – a closer look at bionics and social robotics 36 3.3 Study 3: The impact of bionic prostheses on users’ self-perceptions: A qualitative study 42 4 Discussion 44 4.1 Practical implications 48 4.2 Limitations 50 4.3 Future research 52 5 Conclusion 54 References 56 II. RESEARCH PAPER 66 Embodied Digital Technologies: First Insights in the Social and Legal Perception of Robots and Users of Prostheses 66 Social perception of embodied digital technologies – a closer look at bionics and social robotics 135 The impact of bionic prostheses on users’ self-perceptions: A qualitative study 178 III. APPENDIX 221 Acknowledgments 221 List of publications 223 Curriculum vitae 230 Eidesstattliche Erklärung 232 / Technologien zur Augmentierung des menschlichen Körpers (Human Augmentation Technologies; HATs) können die Fähigkeiten einer Person verbessern, wiederherstellen oder erweitern. Bionische Prothesen oder Exoskelette in der Fertigung sind Beispiele für solche Systeme, die sich wahrscheinlich weiterverbreiten werden. Diese Entwicklung wirft die Frage auf, wie sich die Verschmelzung des menschlichen Körpers mit Technologie auf Menschen psychologisch und sozial auswirken wird. Wie wird sich dies beispielsweise auf die Art und Weise auswirken, wie Nichtnutzer:innen die Nutzer:innen sehen, und wie wird es die Selbstwahrnehmung der Nutzer:innen beeinflussen? Studien, die sich auf das Stereotype Content Model stützen, zeigen, dass die technischen Möglichkeiten dieser Systeme einen Einfluss darauf haben werden, wie andere ihre Nutzer:innen in Bezug auf Wärme und Kompetenz einschätzen. Diese Auswirkungen sind jedoch nur in begrenztem Maße erforscht und bis jetzt gibt es keine Untersuchungen darüber, wie HATs sich auf die Selbstwahrnehmung ihrer Nutzer:innen auswirken. Diese Dissertation zielt darauf ab, ein tieferes Verständnis der psychologischen Auswirkungen der HAT-Nutzung zu erlangen, indem sie mehr empirische Belege für ihren Einfluss auf die soziale Wahrnehmung liefert und explizit die Perspektive von Nutzer:innen berücksichtigt. Zur Erweiterung des relativ geringen vorhandenen Wissens und um mehr Licht auf die Selbst- und Metawahrnehmung der Nutzer:innen zu werfen, wird ein Mixed-Methods-Ansatz verwendet, der drei empirische Studien umfasst. Konkret wurden zwei experimentelle Studien (N1 = 459, N2 = 338) zur sozialen Wahrnehmung von Nutzer:innen entsprechender Augmentationstechnologien durchgeführt. Die damit verbundenen Erkenntnisse wurden durch eine qualitative Studie ergänzt, um die bisher vernachlässigte Nutzer:innenperspektive zu berücksichtigen. In zehn halbstrukturierten Interviews mit erfahrenen Nutzer:innen bionischer Armprothesen konnten wir entscheidende Erkenntnisse über deren Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung gewinnen. Studie 1, “Embodied Digital Technologies: First Insights in the Social and Legal Perception of Robots and Users of Prostheses“, konzentriert sich hauptsächlich auf die soziale Wahrnehmung von (bionischen) Prothesenträger:innen und verschiedenen Arten von Robotern. In Bezug auf HATs deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass Benutzer:innen von Low-Tech-Prothesen als deutlich weniger kompetent wahrgenommen werden als Benutzer:innen von High-Tech-Prothesen und Personen ohne Behinderung. Überraschenderweise fanden wir keine Unterschiede zwischen Nutzer:innen von Low- oder High-Tech-Prothesen und Personen ohne Behinderung in Bezug auf die zugeschriebene Umgänglichkeit (Sociability), während die Zuschreibung von Moral (Morality) sowohl bei Nutzer:innen von Low- als auch von High-Tech-Prothesen höher war. Insgesamt liefert die Studie Belege für den Einfluss von HATs auf die soziale Wahrnehmung, da die Art der Prothese oder der Grad der Technisierung bei der Bewertung ihrer Nutzer:innen eine Rolle spielt. Studie 2, Social Perception of Embodied Digital Technologies - A Closer Look at Bionics and Social Robotics, zielt darauf ab, ein tieferes Verständnis dafür zu erlangen, wie grundlegende Prinzipien der sozialen Wahrnehmung die Entwicklung von Einstellungen gegenüber Nutzer:innen von HATs und sozialen Robotern beeinflussen. In dieser Studie wird auch untersucht, wie die Menschen die Benutzer:innen verschiedener Prothesen und Roboter wahrnehmen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf deren Kompetenz, Umgänglichkeit (Sociability) und Moral (Morality) liegt. Den Nutzer:innen von Low-Tech-Prothesen wurde weniger Kompetenz zugeschrieben als Personen ohne Behinderung, sie unterschieden sich diesbezüglich jedoch nicht von den Nutzer:innen von High-Tech-Prothesen. Die Nutzer:innen von High-Tech-Prothesen wurden jedoch genauso kompetent eingeschätzt wie Personen ohne Behinderung. Auch bei der Umgänglichkeit (Sociability) gab es keine Unterschiede zwischen Menschen mit und ohne Behinderung. Hingegen zeigte sich ein Unterschied bei der Einschätzung der Moralität (Morality): Nutzer:innen von Low-Tech-Prothesen wurden als moralischer wahrgenommen als Nutzer:innen von High-Tech-Prothesen oder Personen ohne Behinderung. In Studie 3, The Impact of Bionic Prostheses on User´s Self-Perceptions: A Qualitative Study, sollten Erkenntnisse über die Selbst- und Metawahrnehmung von HAT-Nutzer:innen gewonnen werden. Die Ergebnisse unserer qualitativen Analyse deuten darauf hin, dass die Verwendung bionischer Prothesen die soziale (Selbst-)Wahrnehmung in mehrfacher Hinsicht beeinflusst. So beschreiben die Nutzer:innen, dass sie von anderen als kompetenter angesehen und anders behandelt werden, seitdem sie eine bionische Prothese erhalten haben, im Vergleich zur vorherigen Nutzung von einfacheren Prothesen-Modellen. Außerdem berichteten die Nutzer:innen, dass sie sich selbstbewusster fühlten und ein höheres Maß an Selbstwirksamkeit empfänden. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Erkenntnisse der oben genannten Studien trotz ihrer etwas uneinheitlichen Ergebnisse darauf hindeuten, dass der Einsatz menschlicher Augmentations-Technologien (d. h. bionischer Prothesen) nicht nur die Selbstwahrnehmung der Nutzer, sondern auch Stereotypen und zwischenmenschliche Wahrnehmungen beeinflussen. Ungeachtet ihres integrativen Potenzials und ihrer überwiegend positiven Auswirkungen auf die soziale Wahrnehmung zeigen die Ergebnisse jedoch auch, dass die Einführung solcher Technologien in künftigen (Arbeits-)Kontexten unbeabsichtigte soziale Auswirkungen haben könnten, denen Rechnung getragen werden muss. Folglich werden potentielle Strategien zur Abmilderung solcher unerwünschten Nebeneffekte diskutiert, Implikationen für die zukünftige Forschung abgeleitet und ein Ausblick auf kommende Studien gegeben.:List of tables 5 List of figures 6 Abstract 7 Zusammenfassung 10 I. SYNOPSIS 14 1 Introduction 14 2 Theoretical Background 16 2.1 From Embodied Digital Technologies to Human Augmentation Technologies 17 2.2 Social Perception 20 2.2.1 Fundamental Dimensions of Social Perception 21 2.2.2 Emotional and Behavioral Consequences 25 2.2.3 Social Perception in HAT Evaluation 26 2.3 Self-perception 28 2.4 Research objectives 30 3 Study summaries 30 3.1 Study 1: Embodied Digital Technologies: First insights in the social and legal perception of robots and users of prostheses 33 3.2 Study 2: Social perception of embodied digital technologies – a closer look at bionics and social robotics 36 3.3 Study 3: The impact of bionic prostheses on users’ self-perceptions: A qualitative study 42 4 Discussion 44 4.1 Practical implications 48 4.2 Limitations 50 4.3 Future research 52 5 Conclusion 54 References 56 II. RESEARCH PAPER 66 Embodied Digital Technologies: First Insights in the Social and Legal Perception of Robots and Users of Prostheses 66 Social perception of embodied digital technologies – a closer look at bionics and social robotics 135 The impact of bionic prostheses on users’ self-perceptions: A qualitative study 178 III. APPENDIX 221 Acknowledgments 221 List of publications 223 Curriculum vitae 230 Eidesstattliche Erklärung 232

Four core themes characterised this study: (a) adult friendship, particularly across the gender line, (b) the association between friendship and psychological well-being, (c) the role of attachment in friendship processes, and (d) the influence of the boundaries of marriage on friendship. Twenty six individuals were included in the initial research and 19 subjects participated in the main study. Theoretical principles of social cognition, constructive alternativism and attachment guided the collection and interpretation of data, which was collated, interpreted and then presented in case-study format. Self-with-other representation played a major role in data interpretation. Investigation into the structure and processes of friendship revealed it to be a complex and fragile relationship, defined both idiosyncratically and existentially, as well as by specific distinguishing features, such as trust, loyalty and intimacy . Attachment orientation and positive friendship experiences were noted as being contributory to the sense of interpersonal intimacy associated with feelings of well-being. Positive association was registered between 'secure' attachment orientation and self-ratings of well-being and happiness. Opposite-sex friendship emerged as an exclusive relational type, both similar to, and different from, samesex friendship and romantic love relationships. Its ambiguous role is evidently compounded by the latent sexuality in heterosocial relationships. Respondents reported cases of opposite-sex friendships metamorphosing into romantic love relationships and, less frequently, vice versa. Manifest in attachment and relational mental models, marital boundaries can facilitate or inhibit friendship. On both direct- and meta-perspective levels, securely-attached respondents were relatively accepting of opposite-sex friendships within a marital context. Insecurely-attached subjects tended to construe them as threatening to the marital reality. Responses to this threat varied: avoidantly-attached individuals used ego-protective mechanisms such as denial and repression, whereas · the anxious-ambivalent attachment orientation seemed more closely associated with feelings of mistrust and jealousy, expressed through anger and anxiety. Personal boundary structure plays an incisive role ln adult friendship. Thick-boundaried personalities seemed particularly conscious of preserving marital identity. They were more territorial with regard to friendships within the marital context, and more conscious of social rules pertaining thereto. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)