Promoting values of respect, understanding, empathy and developing in the students the necessary skills to be part of a peaceful and comprehensive society is one of the responsibilities of the educational system. This mission, in the context of the Swedish preschools, is also compatible with the characteristic use of the natural and outdoor environments of the Scandinavian countries as learning and experiential settings. The aim of this research paper is to study how the outdoor spaces can affect the understanding andthe resolution of conflicts between students in the preschool stage from the perspectiveof the teachers. Therefore, the main tool for the collection of the data were the semistructured interviews carried out with different educators from different Swedish preschools. Using thematic analysis as the designated qualitative approach to analyse thedata, different themes and sub-themes were addressed throughout the answers from theinterviews and organized based on 3 different sections: experience in outdoors, conflicts in the preschool, and the outdoors in the resolution of conflicts. The results presented the teachers’ experience regarding outdoor education; their understanding of the differenttypes of conflicts in the preschool stage; the role of the different parts involved, and themethods used to understand, manage, and deal with issues between the students; lastly, how the use of outdoor settings and its benefits can promote conflict-management skillsamong the students. Thus, the outdoor settings possess a beneficial effect on the social, emotional, and personal development of the children, these being key factors for the promotion of peaceful conflict-resolution strategies from an early stage.

The purpose of this master's thesis is to explore how priests interpret the parables in the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Mark using a hermeneutic qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews. The aim is to shed light on a selected group of priests in their roles within the context of the Church of Sweden, where interpretation is a part of their work, primarily focusing on the parables in the fourth chapter of Mark's Gospel and how this is done in interpretation, both in encounters with individuals and in preaching. An inductive approach has influenced the study, which also permeates the qualitative method with a focus on creating understanding to gain knowledge about the nature of these various phenomena among four priests. Generalization is not possible due to the small number of informants for making overall generalizations. Nor is it what has been sought. The aim of qualitative research is to gain a deeper understanding of a phenomenon and to illuminate how individuals experience it in their context. The study aims to understand how a specifically selected group of individuals, namely priests who have worked for an extended period within the Swedish Church, interpret the parables in Gospel of Mark.

Purpose – To explore what Generation Z finds attractive when seeking for jobs. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research utilising semi-structured interviews with a total of 11 university graduates of Generation Z aged 21 to 29 seeking employment in Dalarna County, Sweden. The interviews were thematically analysed based on previouslyexisting literature. Findings – The findings indicate that Generation Z places high value on digital engagement, organizational transparency, and alignment with personal values such as sustainability and inclusivity. They prioritize job satisfaction aspects like career growth, work-life balance, and personalized feedback, although they have not yet fully developed specific expectations from employers. These insights suggest that organisations must adapt their recruitment strategies to align with these preferences, values and expectations, ensuring a transparent, values-driven, and engaging approach to effectively attract and retain Generation Z talent. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the under-research field of exploring what attracts Generation Z in the job market.

Enhancing operational efficiency and competitiveness in modern manufacturing environment requires the incorporation of Industry 4.0 technology. The Digital Twin is one of its enablers, and it is a transformative tool that can be used to optimize systems, processes, and real assets by using virtual models synchronized with real-time data. However, it can be difficult to fully utilize the potential benefits of the massive volumes of data companies generate. By tailoring Digital Twins to the unique data requirements of various user profiles inside companies, this study seeks to overcome this difficulty and enable efficient data access and well-informed decision-making. This study, which was carried out at Robert Bosch España Madrid, aimed to comprehend the unique data requirements of several departments, such as Engineering, Maintenance, and Production. To learn more about department-specific data needs, questionnaires and interviews were used as part of a qualitative research project. The creation of a customized Digital Twin visualizer prototype for the USS6 shopfloor was influenced by these findings. The research findings indicated some differences in the data needs of departments, highlighting the significance of preserving unique profiles in the Digital Twin Visualizer while encouraging cooperation and synergy between departments. Production requires real-time key performance indicator (KPI) monitoring, including cycle time and other production KPIs. The Maintenance department needs to track equipment maintenance events, Mean Time to Repair (MTTR), and Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF). Engineering requires data more related to machines values, status and performance. Most importantly, these findings have significant implications outside of the sensor manufacturing industry; they offer insightful knowledge that is applicable to many different industries. Organizations across diverse industries can enhance their operational performance and decision-making capacities by customizing best practices to suit their unique settings through the application of broader insights gained from these findings. This knowledge-sharing across industries is essential to pushing Industry 4.0 adoption and promoting organizational performance in the digital age. In conclusion, this study enhances knowledge on customized Digital Twin implementations and emphasizes how data-driven insights and well-informed decision-making can be leveraged to create operational excellence across industries. / För att öka den operativa effektiviteten och konkurrenskraften i moderna tillverkningsmiljöer krävs att Industri 4.0-tekniken införlivas. Den Digital Twin (digital tvilling) är ett av verktygen för detta, och det är ett transformativt verktyg som kan användas för att optimera system, processer och egendomar genom att använda virtuella modeller som synkroniseras med realtidsdata. Det kan dock vara svårt att fullt ut utnyttja de potentiella fördelarna med den enorma datavolym som företag genererar. Genom att skräddarsy Digital Twins efter de unika databehov som olika användarprofiler inom företag har, försöker denna studie övervinna denna svårighet och tillhåta effektiv datatillgång och välinformerat beslutsfattande. Målet med den här studien, som genomfördes på Robert Bosch España Madrid, var att förstå de unika databehov på, till exempel, Tekniksavdelningen, Underhållsavdelningen och Tillverksningsavdelningen. För att få veta mer om avdelningsspecifika databehov användes enkäten och intervjuer som delar av ett kvalitativt forskningsprojekt. Dessa resultat påverkade skapandet av en skräddarsydd prototyp av Digital Twin-visualiseraren för USS6:s verkstadsgolv. Forskningsresultaten visade skillnader i avdelningarnas databehov, vilket belyser vikten av att bevara unika profiler i Digital Twin Visualizer och samtidigt som uppmana avdelningarna att samarbeta i synergi mellan avdelningarna. Tillverkningsavdelningen behöver övervakning av KPI:er (Key Performance Indicators, nyckeltal) i realtid, inklusive genomslopptid och andra tillverknings-KPI:er. Underhållsavdelningen behöver overväkning av underhållshändelser för utrustningen, MTTR (eng. Mean Time To Repair, genomsnittlig tid för reparation) och MTBF (eng. Mean Time Between Failures, medeltid mellan fel). Teknikavdelningen behöver data som är relaterade till maskinernas värden, status och prestanda. Dessa resultat har betydande konsekvenser utanför sensortillverkningsindustrin; de erbjuder insiktsfull kunskap som är tillämplig på många olika branscher. Organisationer i olika branscher kan förbättra sina operativa resultat och sin beslutstagande förmåga genom att anpassa bästa praxis till sina unika miljöer med hjälp av de bredare insikter som dessa resultat ger. Detta kunskapsutbyte mellan branscher är avgörande för att driva på införandet av Industri 4.0 och främja organisationers prestanda i den digitala tidsåldern. Till sist ökar denna studie kunskapen om skräddarsydda implementeringar av Digital Twin och betonar hur datadrivna insikter och välinformerat beslutsfattande kan utnyttjas för att skapa operativ excellens i olika branscher.

The aim of this study was to investigate the differentiation practices of mathematics teachers within the framework proposed by Tomlinson (2016). Tomlinson's framework outlines general principles of differentiation and how teachers tailor these to meet students' diverse needs. Previous research suggests that differentiation among teachers is not utilized to the necessary extent. One primary research question was established to guide this study: How do teachers' application of general differentiation principles relate to the practical operationalization of teaching, considering the unique needs and conditions of their students? A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews and observations to gather data and analyze teachers' approaches to differentiation. The study involved the participation of four teachers from three different schools. Through coding, thematization, and summarization a deductive thematic analysis was applied to reveal patterns in teachers' practices. The findings revealed that teachers varied in their differentiation practices across different levels of Tomlinson's framework. Some teachers consistently differentiated across all aspects, while others showed moderate to no differentiation. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of addressing and integrating students' needs more comprehensively into differentiation practices. Assessment and routine were also found significant for an effective practice differentiation. The study is of relevance for teachers because it has led to conclusions that can show where the area of improvement in differentiation education lies in the Swedish context. Suggestions for further research include exploring the impact of different teaching materials on differentiation practices, and examining specific areas where teachers differentiate more or less frequently.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine experiences of opportunities and challenges in a digital work environment for researchers within academia Method: A qualitative study was performed, based on 13 semi-structured interviews with eight female and five male university researchers. A reflexive thematic analysis method was used to examine meaningful patterns within the group of researchers, thereby enhancing the understanding of the digital work environment in academia. Main results: Three main themes and eight sub-themes were identified. The three primary themes were: navigating a boundaryless work environment, interacting through digital communication, and enhancing technical conditions in work. The results show that the themes and sub-themes describe various aspects of opportunities and challenges that the informants experienced in their digital work environment. Conclusion: University researchers experience a digital paradox between the flexibility of work and recovery, and the demands of digital availability, challenges with high workload, and boundary setting. The results of this study can provide an understanding of how individuals perceive their digital work environment, which can promote increased awareness within workgroups and organizations about the opportunities and challenges that can promote or hinder a good occupational health. / Problemformulering: Digitaliseringen har påskyndat behovet av en välfungerande digital arbetsmiljö eftersom nya möjligheter och utmaningar växer fram, speciellt inom akademin. Kunskap om universitetsanställda forskares erfarenheter av digitala arbetsmiljö behövs för att kunna möta samtidens digitaliserade arbetsmiljö. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka erfarenheter av möjligheter och utmaningar i en digital arbetsmiljö för forskare inom akademin. Metod: En kvalitativ studien genomfördes, baserad på 13 semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta kvinnliga och fem manliga universitetsanställda forskare. Reflexiv tematisk analysmetod användes för att undersöka meningsfulla mönster inom gruppen forskare och därigenom öka förståelsen av digital arbetsmiljö inom akademin. Huvudresultat: Tre teman och åtta subteman identifierades. De tre huvudsakliga teman som identifierats var: att navigera i ett gränslöst arbete, att samverka med digital kommunikation och slutligen att främja tekniska förutsättningar i arbetet. Resultatet visar att teman och subteman beskriver olika aspekter av möjligheter och utmaningar som informanterna erfor i deras digitala arbetsmiljö. Slutsats: Universitetsanställda forskare erfar en digital paradox mellan arbetets flexibilitet och återhämtning samt krav på digital tillgänglighet, utmaningar med hög arbetsbelastning och gränssättning. Resultaten av denna studie kan ge en förståelse för hur individer uppfattar sin digitala arbetsmiljö, vilket kan främja ökad medvetenhet inom arbetsgrupper och organisationer om de möjligheter och utmaningar som kan främja eller hindra en god arbetshälsa.

The question of how to teach English grammar has been a pervasive one for a long time, but the topic has scarcely been the subject of contemporary research in a Swedish context. This study aims to gather insights related to the beliefs and pedagogical practises of a small sample of English teachers in the Swedish school system. For example, insights such as whether the teachers indicate a preference towards Inductive or Deductive instruction of grammar and how they tend to approach the teaching of English grammatical patterns. Because of the nature of this goal, this study necessitates the utilization of previous research and frameworks created in the fields of both pedagogy and linguistics, respectively. Without either field, this study could not be conducted, as both fields are vital in understanding the teaching of grammar.  The corpus this study utilized was transcribed from four 18-35 minutes long semi-structured interviews with upper secondary school teachers of English. These interviews were transcribed manually, and they were analysed and categorized using a mix of both the Inductive and Deductive approach of analysing interviews. The results found no overarching preference between Inductive and Deductive grammar teaching among the four teachers, and three out of the four indicated the utilization of both. The teacher who did not indicate this always preferred to teach grammatical structures explicitly. Communication was seen as important by all of the teachers, but only two of the participants indicated the usage of Communicative Language Teaching. The remaining two teachers indicated a preference towards either Task-Based Language Teaching or the Grammar-Translation approach. This variety among the teachers of the study reflected previous research conducted on the topic.

Text in Afrikaans / The researcher has identified the research problem for the study as the underlying dynamics of physical violence amongst adolescent girls in the school system. The purpose of this study was to investigate these dynamics. The researcher viewed the girls from a holistic perspective and tried to explore and describe the girls' behavior by bringing their environment into consideration. A qualitative study was used to determine the dynamics of physical violence among adolescent girls in the school system. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. From this data it is evident that the dynamics of physical violence among girls is a multi-dimensional and complex phenomenon and cannot be attributed to a single factor. Because of this the researcher tried to make recommendations that touched each level of the girls' functioning. In such a way the researcher tried to address the problem holistically. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Spelterapie)

Text in Afrikaans / This study is aimed at the development of strategies for therapists to be used with adolescents and late adolescents (15 to 20 years of age) who have lost a loved one. This will be done by focussing on the redefining of identity as a way of becoming. The starting point of the study is to be found in the problem formulation that the process of becoming of adolescents who have suffered the loss of a loved one, may be blocked because they do not have the necessary skills to overcome the loss. The second problem is that therapists do not have the necessary skills to empower these adolescents so that the redefining of identity can be achieved. / Social work / D. Diac. (Spelterapie)

A qualitative, descriptive, contextual study design was used to describe the role of antenatal services in supporting teenage pregnant girls in Leribe district of Lesotho. The study population consisted of all teenage pregnant girls between 13-19 years of age. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to identify potential participants. Data was collected by means of tape-recorded in-depth individual, semistructured interviews and analysed using Tesch’s descriptive method of qualitative data analysis (Creswell 2009:186). The findings of this study revealed that teenage pregnant girls require comprehensive antenatal services that are sensitive to the needs related to their age. Strategies in which antenatal services can be strengthened to support teenage pregnant girls better were described / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)