Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-30T17:51:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TELLYS LINS DE ALMEIDA BARBOSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2014..pdf: 2340446 bytes, checksum: 3a2ea16e16c4359a82b431379410d16c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-30T17:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TELLYS LINS DE ALMEIDA BARBOSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2014..pdf: 2340446 bytes, checksum: 3a2ea16e16c4359a82b431379410d16c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-26 / O presente trabalho visa estudar o desempenho e validação de um sistema com automação para processos de separação de águas oleosas com membranas cerâmicas. O trabalho foi dividido em duas partes: testes em escala de bancada e no sistema com automação. Nos ensaios em escala de bancada foram realizados experimentos de caracterização da membrana cerâmica com água deionizada e com efluente sintético, com intuito de estimar o comportamento das membranas para auxiliar no desenvolvimento do sistema com automação. Para avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas de separação água/óleo com membranas cerâmicas os seguintes parâmetros foram analisados: fluxo do permeado (J, em L/h.m2) e taxa de rejeição de óleo. Nos experimentos no sistema com automação foi avaliado o desempenho no processo de separação água/óleo com membranas cerâmicas, o efluente sintético utilizado obedeceu às mesmas condições do sistema de bancada. Os experimentos com efluente sintético foram simulados com concentração de óleo fixada em 20 mg/L. Observou-se que a redução do fluxo de permeado com o tempo de operação é fortemente dependente da pressão e do teor de óleo emulsionado, podendo ser relacionada aos fenômenos de polarização por concentração, inerentes aos PSM. Contudo, a redução do fluxo no permeado foi atenuada no sistema com automação que possui processos de limpeza backpulse e backwash. Quanto à taxa de rejeição da fase dispersa, para todas as condições analisadas, apresentou-se maior que 97%. A utilização do backwash tendo como agente de limpeza uma solução de hidróxido de sódio não foi eficaz na recuperação do fluxo do permeado, porém o comportamento do processo de limpeza foi extremamente satisfatório o que indica com a mudança do agente de limpeza no processo terá uma melhor recuperação do fluxo do permeado. A partir dos experimentos realizados no sistema com automação os resultados obtidos demostram potencial para separação com membranas cerâmica, para o tratamento de águas oleosas. / This work aims to study the performance and validation of system with automation to oily water separation processes with ceramic membranes. It was divided into two phases: laboratory-scale tests and tests with the system with automation. In the laboratory-scale tests, experiments to characterize the ceramic membrane were carried out with deionized water and synthetic effluent, aiming to estimate the behavior of membranes to assist the developing of the system with automation. To evaluate the performance of the water-oil separation systems with ceramic membranes the following parameters were analyzed: permeate flow (J, L/h.m2) and oil rejection rate. In the experiments with the automatic system the performance was evaluated in oil-water separating process with ceramic membrane, the synthetic effluent used followed the same conditions as the benchtop system. The experiments with synthetic effluent were simulated with oil concentration set at 20 mg/L. It was observed that the reduction of the permeate flux with the operation time is strongly dependent of the pressure and emulsified oil content, may be related to concentration polarization, inherent to membrane separation processes. However, the reduction of permeate flow was attenuated in the system with automation where backpulse and blackwash cleaning processes were used. The dispersed phase rejection rate, for all conditions analyzed, was greater than 97%. The backwash cleaning system having sodium hydroxide as cleaning agent was not effective to increase the permeate flow, but the cleaning agent performance was extremely satisfactory which indicates that the change of the cleaning agent in the process will increase the flow in the permeate stream. From the experiments carried out with the system with automation results demonstrate the potential for separation with ceramic membranes, for oily water treatment.

The beginning of the 1990s saw many African countries embarking on the process of drafting new constitutions as they abandoned independence constitutions. Most of the independence constitutions were perceived as constitutions without constitutionalism and they were generally blamed for failure of democracy and the rule of law in Africa. The study analyses the state of democracy and constitutionalism and the impact that colonialism had on the African continent. Apart from the spurt of new constitutions adopted, democracy is growing very slowly in most African states with widespread human rights violations and disregard for the rule of law and the principle of separation of powers, still holding the centre stage. Judicial independence is an important component of democracy in the modern state. The study therefore scrutinizes how the principle of judicial independence can be promoted and protected to enhance democracy. One important mechanism which plays a crucial role in safeguarding judicial independence is the way judicial officers are appointed. The study selects four countries – Swaziland, Kenya, Zimbabwe and South Africa and analyses how judicial officers are appointed in these countries in an effort to find an effective and optimal approach.The premise of the study is centred on the role of constitutionalism and the process of appointing judges as a means of promoting and safeguarding democracy in these selected countries. / Public, Constitutional, and International Law / LLM

Les ressources de carbone primaires doivent être progressivement remplacées par des ressources renouvelables plus complexes comme les matières lignocellulosiques, pour produire des biocarburants ou des synthons (bioraffineries de 2ième génération). Cette évolution nécessite de modifications importantes à différentes étapes du procédé, au niveau de la fermentation elle-même ou dans les étapes ultérieures nécessaire pour l'obtention du produit cible. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié un procédé de production de succinate à partir du xylose. La fermentation a été réalisée en utilisant une souche d' Escherichia coli modifiée par ingénierie métabolique. La purification du succinate a été réalisée par nanofiltration. Des travaux précédents ont permis, par ingénierie métabolique, de mettre au point une souche E. coli KJ122 permettant de produire du succinate par fermentation anaérobie de glucose dans un milieu contenant des sels minéraux. Cette souche ne permet cependant pas une fermentation performante lorsque le xylose est utilisé comme substrat. Afin de lever cette limitation, E. coli KJ122 a été modifiée. Le transporteur ABC codant pour les gènes xylFGH a été inactivé par une technique de suppression de gènes. La souche ainsi obtenue, baptisée KJ12201 (E. coli KJ122 ?xylFGH) a permis d'atteindre des vitesses de croissances rapides, des consommations de xylose et une production de succinate améliorées par rapport à la souche parente. Après modification génétique, E. coli KJ12201-14T permet de produire en mode une concentration élevée de succinate de 84 g/L, la concentration d'acétate accumulée étant de 11 g/L, à partir d'un milieu de composition adaptée (AM1) contenant 10% de xylose. En fermentation fed-batch, E. coli KJ12201-14T permet de produire du succinate à une concentration de 84 g/L, avec un rendement de 0.85 g/g et une productivité de 2 g/L/h. Ces résultats démontrent les potentialités de cette souche pour produire du succinate à partir de xylose ou d'hydrolysats riches en xylose issus de matières lignocellulosiques. La nanofiltration a ensuite été considérée afin de purifier le succinate obtenu par fermentation. Les expériences ont été réalisées avec une membrane NF45 et des milieux de fermentation synthétiques contenant le succinate et différentes impuretés, sels minéraux, glucose ou autres sels d'acides organiques, acétate en particulier. L'influence des conditions opératoires (pH, pression) sur les performances de la NF a été évaluée. Les mécanismes gouvernant le transfert des espèces à travers la membrane ont été étudiés afin d'expliquer la variation des rétentions en fonction de la composition du milieu. En solution simple, les résultats ont montré que la rétention du succinate augmente avec la pression appliquée et avec le pH et diminue lorsque la concentration augmente. Pour des concentrations faibles, de l'ordre de 0.1M, les rétentions du succinate et de l'acétate en mélange sont différentes et identiques à celles en solution simples. Une bonne purification du succinate est ainsi possible. Au contraire, pour des concentrations plus élevées en succinate, la rétention diminue par suite de l'écrantage des effets de charge. Les rétentions étant trop proches, la séparation acétate/succinate devient impossible. Considérant les mécanismes ainsi mis évidence, une méthodologie a été proposée afin de réaliser la purification du succinate obtenu par fermentation. La séparation acétate/succinate est effectuée en deux étapes. Une diafiltration du jus de fermentation, préalablement dilué, est d'abord réalisée en utilisant la membrane NF45. Le rétentat purifié est ensuite concentré, en utilisant une membrane d'osmose inverse. Grace à ce procédé, il est possible d'augmenter la pureté du succinate de 85 à plus de 99.5% avec un rendement global supérieur à 92%. L'intérêt de la nanofiltration pour purifier le succinate produit par fermentation est ainsi démontrée. / Current trend is to move from primary carbohydrate resources to more complex ones like lignocellulosic materials as a bio-renewable feedstock, to produce biofuels or chemical building blocks. This evolution requires significant modifications at different stages in the bioprocess engineering, including fermentation and downstream processes. In this work, the succinate production by a newly metabolically engineered Escherichia coli from xylose, and its purification from fermentative broth by nanofiltration were studied. Escherichia coli KJ122 strain was previously engineered to produce high titers and yields of succinate in mineral salts medium containing glucose under simple-batch anaerobic conditions. However, this strain does not efficiently utilize xylose due to catabolic repression. To improve the xylose uptake and its utilization of E. coli KJ122, xylFGH genes were inactivated by the gene deletion technique. The mutant strain named KJ12201 (E. coli KJ122 ?xylFGH) exhibited high abilities in fast growth, xylose consumption and succinate production compared to those of the parental strains. After performing metabolic evolution, E. coli KJ12201-14T efficiently consumed 10% xylose to produce a high succinate concentration at 84 g/L with an accumulated acetate concentration at 11 g/L in mineral salts medium (AM1) under batch fermentation. During fed-batch fermentation, E. coli KJ12201-14T produced succinate at a concentration, yield, and overall productivity of 84 g/L, 0.85 g/g, and 1.0 g/L/h, respectively. These results demonstrated that E. coli KJ12201 would be a potential strain for the economic bio-based succinate production from xylose and other xylose-rich hydrolysates derived from lignocellulosic materials. The succinate purification from fermentation broth by nanofiltration (NF) was also investigated. The experiment was carried out with a NF45 membrane and various synthetic fermentation broths containing succinate salt and different impurities such as inorganic salts, glucose, and other organic acid salts including acetate. The influence of the operating conditions (pH, pressure) as well as the broth composition on the NF performances was evaluated. The mechanisms governing the transfer of the solutes through the membrane were studied in order to explain the different solute retentions observed according to the fermentation broth composition. In single-solute solutions, the succinate retention increases with increasing pressure and feed pH and decreases with increasing feed concentration. For instance, at a low salts concentration at 0.1 M, it was observed that the retentions of succinate and acetate in the mixture are identical to those in single solutions. Thus, a good purification of succinate can be obtained. On the contrary, with higher succinate concentrations, the retention was decreased due to the screening effect. Retentions of those solutes were then too close to achieve a separation. Based on abovementioned mechanisms observed, a methodology was proposed to perform the succinate purification from fermentation broth. The succinate/acetate separation was carried out in two steps. A diafiltration of the diluted fermentation broth was initially performed, and the concentration step followed. With this process, it was possible to increase the succinate purity from 85% to more than 99.5% while maintaining a total yield higher than 92%. From this work, it was shown that NF could be effectively used for the succinate purification from fermentation broth.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ricardo Suyama / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia da Informação, 2015. / No processo de digitalização de documentos impressos ou manuscritos que apresentam informação em ambos os lados da folha (frente e verso), é comum encontrar uma distorção na imagem digitalizada conhecida como Efeito Show-Through, na qual a imagem digitalizada de um dos lados do documento sofre a interferência da imagem presente no outro lado da folha. O problema de remoção dessa interferência pode ser visto como uma instância do problema geral de Separação Cega de Fontes (BSS ¿ Blind Source Separation), para o qual diferentes técnicas foram propostas, baseadas nas características das fontes e no processo de mistura. No presente trabalho avaliamos diferentes técnicas para a solução do problema de Show-through que utilizam os conceitos relacionados ao problema de Separação Cega de Fontes, buscando identificar vantagens e desvantagens dos diferentes métodos. As técnicas avaliadas, baseadas em três diferentes abordagens em termos do critério de adaptação dos parâmetros, foram testadas com diferentes tipos de documentos (textos antigos ,manuscritos,jornal,etc) digitalizados, considerando misturas sintéticas e misturas reais, obtidas com a digitalização de documentos impressos. Os resultados obtidos revelam pontos fortes e fracos das técnicas avaliadas, e poderão servir como referência para o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas para a correção do efeito Show-Through. / In the digitalization process of printed documents or manuscripts that contain information on both through sides of the paper (front and back), it is common to observe the so-called Show-Thorugh Effet, in which the image in the back of the document interferes in the digitized image of the front side. Removing this kind of interference can be seen as an instance of the general Blind Source Separation Problem (BSS), for which several different techniques have been proposed in the literature, considering specific characteristics of the sources and of the mixing process. The objective of the present work is to evaluate different methods for the mitigation of the Show-Through effect, based in concepts related to the BSS problem. The evaluated tools, based on three different approaches for parameter adaptation, were tested with different kinds of documents (old texts, manuscripts, newspaper), considering synthetic and real mixtures. The results reveal strong and weak points of the studied methods, which can serve as a valuable reference in the development of new techniques for the Show-Through effect mitigation.

In agricultural catchments, hydrological processes play an important role in the export of nutrients. Water that enters a catchment during a rain event (event water) can have different flow paths and residence times. These affect the transport and biogeochemical transformation of nutrients until the water discharges at the outlet where catchments are usually monitored.This work focused on the contributions of event water and pre-event water (water that was already stored in the catchment before a rainfall event) to the stream. The work is necessary for further studies to develop an understanding of the relation of nutrients export and water flow paths. The method was based on isotopic hydrograph separation and performed on existing data. The stable isotope signature of oxygen in water (δ18O) was used as a tracer. A new study is planned using δ18O to distinguish different flow paths and residence times of water, and therefore a sequential rainfall collector was tested and improved for this purpose.The results of the hydrograph separation show that up to 54% of an increased discharge from a rainwater event is event water, but also that data in a higher temporal resolution is needed to quantify contributions of event water to the runoff for all the events. Additional and more advanced experiments of the rainfall collector would be an advantage, but it can also be used in the field as it is today. Based on the analysis and the revised sequential rainfall collector, a sampling strategy for future work is described. / I ett jordbruksavrinningsområde spelar hydrologiska processer en viktig roll vid export av näringsämnen. Vatten som adderas till ett avrinningsområde från ett regnevent (eventvatten) kan ha olika flödesvägar och olika uppehållstider. Dessa påverkar transporten och omvandlingen av biogeokemiska näringsämnen olika tills det att vattnet lämnar avrinningsområdet via ett utlopp.Arbetet har fokuserat på vilket bidrag eventvatten och vatten som redan lagrats i avrinningsområdet före regnhändelsen (pre-eventvatten) har till avrinningen till en flod. Arbetet är viktigt för att utveckla en förståelse för vattenflödesvägar som är nödvändiga för ytterligare undersökning av export av näringsämnen. Metoden baserades på en isotopisk hydrograf-separation och utfördes på existerande data. Spåraren som användes var den stabila isotopen av syre i vatten (δ18O). Eftersom en ny studie planeras med användning av δ18O för att skilja olika flödesvägar och uppehållstider för vatten, har en sekventiell regnuppfångare också testats och förbättras.Resultaten av den hydrografa separationen visar att upp till 54% av en ökad avrinning i floden som resultat av ett regnevent är eventvatten, men även att det finns behov av data med högre tidsmässig upplösning behövs för att kunna kvantifiera bidrag från eventvatten till avrinningen för alla event. Fler och mer avancerade tester av regnfångaren skulle vara en fördel, men den kan även i dagsläget användas i fält. Baserat på resultat från experiment av regnuppfångaren föreslås kort en provtagningsstrategi för framtida arbeten.

Orientadores: João Marcos Travassos Romano, Romis Ribeiro de Faissol Attux / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T15:14:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_TiagoMacedo_M.pdf: 3219855 bytes, checksum: 5572e53d65cb457f420e78b3150dd6ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta dissertação se propõe a estudar um novo método para separação cega de fontes baseado no modelo Post-Nonlinear, que une uma ferramenta de busca global baseada em computação bioinspirada a uma etapa de busca local conduzida pelo algoritmo FastICA. A idéia subjacente à proposta é procurar obter soluções precisas e eficientes usando de maneira parcimoniosa os recursos computacionais disponíveis. A nova proposta foi testada em diferentes cenários, e, em todos os casos, estabeleceram-se comparações com uma abordagem alternativa, cujo passo de otimização não inclui o estágio de busca local (ou "memética"). Os resultados obtidos por meio de simulações indicam que um bom compromisso entre desempenho e custo computacional foi, de fato, atingido. / Resumo: Esta dissertação se propõe a estudar um novo método para separação cega de fontes baseado no modelo Post-Nonlinear, que une uma ferramenta de busca global baseada em computação bioinspirada a uma etapa de busca local conduzida pelo algoritmo FastICA. A idéia subjacente à proposta é procurar obter soluções precisas e eficientes usando de maneira parcimoniosa os recursos computacionais disponíveis. A nova proposta foi testada em diferentes cenários, e, em todos os casos, estabeleceram-se comparações com uma abordagem alternativa, cujo passo de otimização não inclui o estágio de busca local (ou "memética"). Os resultados obtidos por meio de simulações indicam que um bom compromisso entre desempenho e custo computacional foi, de fato, atingido. / Abstract: This work deals with a new method for source separation of Post-Nonlinear mixtures that brings together an evolutionary-based global search and a local search step based on the FastICA algorithm. The rationale of the proposal is to attempt to obtain efficient and precise solutions using with parsimony the available computational resources. The new proposal was tested in different scenarios and, in all cases, we attempted to establish grounds for comparison with an alternative approach whose optimization step does not include the local (memetic) search stage. Simulation results indicate that a good tradeoff between performance and computational cost was indeed reached. / Abstract: This work deals with a new method for source separation of Post-Nonlinear mixtures that brings together an evolutionary-based global search and a local search step based on the FastICA algorithm. The rationale of the proposal is to attempt to obtain efficient and precise solutions using with parsimony the available computational resources. The new proposal was tested in different scenarios and, in all cases, we attempted to establish grounds for comparison with an alternative approach whose optimization step does not include the local (memetic) search stage. Simulation results indicate that a good tradeoff between performance and computational cost was indeed reached. / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att ur ett agentteoretiskt perspektiv skapa förståelse för hur separationen av ägande och kontroll ter sig i ett svenskt kundägt bolag samt vilka konsekvenser detta medför och vilka lösningar bolaget arbetar med. Metod: Studien präglas av en abduktiv forskningsansats. Studien är en fallstudie där vi syftar i att undersöka en specifik organisation. Data är insamlad med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer som bearbetats genom tematisk analys. Resultat & slutsats: Vi ser tendenser till en stor separation av ägande och kontroll likaväl som en mindre. Den större separationen beror främst på spritt ägande och resulterar i en hög grad informationsasymmetri. Separationen tenderar dock även att minskas till följd av användning av fullmäktige, lokal placering samt återinvesteringar i länet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Förslag till vidare forskning är att skapa förståelse för vilken effekt kundägda bolag upplever till följd av att de två parterna kund och ägare innehas av samma person. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studiens teoretiska bidrag är att öka kunskapen om kundägda bolag och dess hantering av separation av ägande och kontroll. Det praktiska bidraget för studien är att bidra med kunskap till intervjuernas respondenter samt övriga intressenter till organisationen vi undersökt. Vår ambition är även att öka intresset för engagerade ägare. Nyckelord: kundägda bolag, agentteori, separation av ägande och kontroll, informationsasymmetri, intressekonflikt / Aim: The aim for this study is from an agent theoretical perspective generate comprehension of how the separation of ownership and control seems in a Swedish mutual organization as well as what consequences this leads to and what solutions the organization is working with. Method: The study is characterized by an abductive approach. The study takes the form of a case study aimed for research of a specific mutual organization. The collected data is a result of semi-structured interviews that has been analyzed with a thematic analysis. Result & conclusions: We anticipate both a large separation of ownership and control as well as a small one. The larger one is due to a scattered ownership that results in a greater extent of information asymmetry. The separation also tends to get smaller due to the establishment of the council, that the organization operates locally and due to the reinvests in the local community. Suggestions for future research: Suggestions for future research is to generate comprehension of which impact mutual organizations experiences from the fact that two parties, customer and owner, are held within the same individual.   Contribution of the thesis: The theoretical contribution is to increase knowledge about mutual organization and their management of separation of ownership and control. The practical contribution is to distribute knowledge to the respondents as well as other stakeholders of the examined organization. Our ambition is also to increase interest for committed owners. Key words: mutual organization, Agent theory, separation of ownership and control, information asymmetry, conflict of interest

The purpose of this study was to examine the origins of the Multicultural Relational Model of therapy and demonstrate the application of this model in the clinical setting. Subjects were two ethnic minority children, a Hispanic boy, age nine, and a mixed-race boy, age 10, who was adopted by an African American family.

Cette thèse porte sur le problème de Séparation Aveugle de Sources (SAS) en présence de données aberrantes. La plupart des méthodes de SAS sont faussées par la présence de déviations structurées par rapport au modèle de mélange linéaire classique: des évènements physiques inattendus ou des dysfonctionnements de capteurs en sont des exemples fréquents.Nous proposons un nouveau modèle prenant en compte explicitement les données aberrantes. Le problème de séparation en résultant, mal posé, est adressé grâce à la parcimonie. L'utilisation de cette dernière est particulièrement intéressante en SAS robuste car elle permet simultanément de démélanger les sources et de séparer les différentes contributions. Ces travaux sont étendus pour l'estimation de variabilité spectrale pour l'imagerie hyperspectrale terrestre.Des comparaisons avec des méthodes de l'état-de-l'art montrent la robustesse et la fiabilité des algorithmes associés pour un large éventail de configurations, incluant le cas déterminé. / This manuscript addresses the Blind Source Separation (BSS) problem in the presence of outliers. Most BSS techniques are hampered by the presence of structured deviations from the standard linear mixing model, such as unexpected physical events or malfunctions of sensors. We propose a new data model taking explicitly into account the deviations. The resulting joint estimation of the components is an ill-posed problem, tackled using sparse modeling. The latter is particularly efficient for solving robust BSS since it allows for a robust unmixing of the sources jointly with a precise separation of the components. These works are then extended for the estimation of spectral variability in the framework of terrestrial hyperspectral imaging. Numerical experiments highlight the robustness and reliability of the proposed algorithms in a wide range of settings, including the full-rank regime.

My essay is about the importance of attachment during the introduction to the preschool. In my story I take a closer look at three children’s different reactions during and after the introduction. To start preschool is a big step in life where the child is exposed to a new environment and needs to adapt to new, unknown adults. Therefor it is in my interest to explore how this new environment affects the child during its first time in preschool. Each introduction and experience thereof are individual, but why is that? The purpose of my bachelor thesis is to find out the significance of the attachment as a basis for a good base for the children when they start preschool. In my essay I reflect on the attachment theory and what it means. I will focus on how parents affect the child and how we can cooperate with the parents to make the induction as good as possible for the child. I will also examine how the preschool organization and environment affects the pedagogue’s possibilities to create a safe environment for the children and their parents. In my exploration I have gathered information from other sources and literature, for instance John Bowlby, the author of A secure base. John Bowlby is considered the founder of attachment theory and has done research on the topic and written several books. The method I have used is process writing, which means I reflect on my story as a way to develop and improve continuously as I write my essay. I have read Essäskrivande som utforskning by Lotte Alsterdal where she explains reflection as a method to explore your experiences on a deeper level and this way learn more about a specific situation. The meetings with my tutor and students in my class are also a great access and support on the journey that is my master thesis. Together we reflect on our process writing and I get to hear the interpretation of others in regard to my work, helping me develop the way I think and write and reflect on the matter. During my work I have concluded that attachment is of significant importance. The new environment in preschool and the way it affects the pedagogue’s way of treating the child will create the foundation for the child’s continued time in preschool.