Titel: Kompetens, autonomi och samhörighetens betydelse för arbetsmotivation – En studie om medarbetares motivation inom upplevelseindustrin Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi   Författare: Josefin Tangen, Pauline Wiberg   Handledare: Monica Wallmon, Maria Fregidou-Malama   Datum: 2018 – januari   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för hur individens grundläggande behov av kompetens, autonomi och samhörighet påverkar arbetsmotivation inom upplevelseindustrin.   Metod: Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sammanlagt 10 intervjuer genomfördes med medarbetare inom upplevelseindustrin. Det insamlade materialet har analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analys.   Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet av studien visar att samtliga tre grundläggande behov påverkar arbetsmotivationen hos medarbetare inom upplevelseindustrin, samt att ledningen arbetar med att främja dessa tre behov. Respondenterna anser att ledningen arbetar med att främja samhörighet på ett tillfredställande sätt men att arbetet med att tillgodose behovet av kompetens och autonomi kan förbättras. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Då flertalet respondenter poängterat att positiv återkoppling från kunder är av stor betydelse, föreslår vi att fortsatta studier kan undersöka om kundens återkoppling möjligen upplevs viktigare än ledarens återkoppling för medarbetare inom upplevelseindustrin. Ytterligare förslag till fortsatt forskning är att genomföra en mer omfattande studie för att skapa djupare förståelse, eftersom att denna studie är begränsad till endast tio intervjuer. Då studien endast utgår från ett medarbetarperspektiv skulle framtida forskning avseende behovstillfredsställelse och arbetsmotivation utifrån ett ledningsperspektiv bidra till ökad förståelse inom ämnet.   Uppsatsens bidrag: Genom denna studie har vi ökat förståelsen för hur individens tre grundläggande behov påverkar arbetsmotivation inom upplevelseindustrin, som är ett outforskat område. Denna studie tillför således ett teoretiskt bidrag gällande ett nytt område, upplevelseindustrin, till den befintliga forskningen avseende arbetsmotivation. Vi menar också att denna studie bidrar till praktiken då vi uppmärksammat och studerat medarbetarens centrala roll inom upplevelseindustrin. Denna studie kan således ge ett bidrag till ledare inom upplevelseindustrin i deras arbete med att motivera medarbetare, vilket i det förlängda leder till en positiv upplevelse för kunden och en lönsam verksamhet.   Nyckelord: Upplevelseindustrin, arbetsmotivation, kompetens, autonomi, samhörighet, Self-Determination Theory, Servant Leadership. / Title: The importance of competence, autonomy and relatedness for employee motivation - a study about employee motivation within the experience economy   Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration   Author: Josefin Tangen, Pauline Wiberg   Supervisor: Monica Wallmon, Maria Fregidou-Malama   Date: 2018 – January   Aim: The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of how the individual's basic needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness affect employee motivation within the experience economy.   Method: The study is based on a qualitative approach. A total of 10 interviews were conducted with employees in the experience economy. We analyzed our material using a thematic analysis.   Result & Conclusions: The result of this study shows that all three basic needs affect employee motivation within the experience economy. This study also shows that management is working to promote these three basic needs. Respondents believe that their need of relatedness is promoted in a satisfactory manner, but that efforts to meet the need for competence and autonomy can be improved.   Suggestions for future research: Since the majority of respondents emphasized that positive feedback from customers is of great importance, we suggest that further studies investigate if customer feedback is possibly more important than the leader’s feedback for employees in the experience economy. Since this study is confined to only ten interviews another proposal for future research is to do a more extensive study in order to create deeper understanding. As the study is based solely on an employee perspective, we suggest that further studies can investigate need satisfaction and employee motivation from a management perspective to contribute to deeper understanding within the matter. Contribution of the thesis: Through this study, we have increased the understanding of how the individual's three basic needs affect employee motivation in the experience economy, which is an unexplored area. Therefore, this study adds a theoretical contribution to existing research in employee motivation in terms of a new field, the experience economy. We also believe that this study contributes to the practice as we have noted and studied the central role of employees in the experience economy. This study can therefore contribute to leaders in the experience economy in their efforts to motivate employees, which in the long run leads to a positive experience for the customer as well as a profitable business. Key words: Experience economy, employee motivation, competence, autonomy, relatedness, Self-Determination Theory, Servant Leadership.

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本研究旨在瞭解影響公務人員提早退休之因素，以文獻分析及文卷調查的方式進行。經文獻檢閱後，將影響個人退休之因素分為體制與個人兩個層次，探討體制層次的公務人員退休政策現況與變革，及個人層次的健康、工作、財務及人口變項等面向之因素對提早退休意願之影響。問卷調查部分，以40歲以上之現職人員為研究對象，共發放2000份問卷，回收率70.75％，針對1415份有效問卷，以描述統計、卡方檢定、點二系列相關分析及logit model等統計方法加以分析。 研究發現，在整體考量下，影響現職人員提早退休意願的因素有年齡、性別、擇領退休金的種類、對政府財政惡化可能影響退休權益的觀感，以及對組織精簡優惠退休方案的接受程度。 最後，總結研究發現，並就各因素之影響與否進行討論，再就行政的政策功能、財政的退休經費負擔及政治的組織精簡優退方案實施等觀點綜合討論我國公務人員提早退休現象的影響，並檢視現行退休法制的改革方向後，提出研究建議。

Introduction: As jobdemands in the healthcare system increases, one of the main protective factors involves support within the work environment. Limited knowledge exists about the work environment of nurse assistants and their well-being at work. A relatively small number of studies on this topic in the Nordic countries, and their results indicate high job demands and risk for negative health outcomes. Purpose:This study aimed to investigate nurse assistants’ perception of job demands, the servant leadership of their next superior, job satisfaction, symptoms of emotional exhaustion, and physical well-being at work. It was also investigated whether perception of servant leadership of their next superior related to job satisfaction and symptoms of emotional exhaustion. Methods: Questionnaires sent to all nurse assistants with registered email addresses at the Icelandic Nurse Assistants Association yielded 588 participants (49% response rate). A new Dutch inventory on servant leadership (SLI) was used to measure perception of servant leadership in nursing; additional questions explored work environment, demands, control and support at work, symptoms of burnout, and job satisfaction. To answer the research questions, a cross-sectional descriptive designwas used Results: The majority of participants experienced high job demands and reported on control and support at work. Despite high levels of burnout, the majority of nurse assistants were satisfied at work. Servant leadership was practiced some what within nurse assistant’s workplaces. The correlation between perception of servant leadership, job satisfaction, and emotional exhaustion was significant for all SLI sub-factors except courage, and the strongest correlation was for empowerment, humility, and stewardship as sub-factors of servant leadership. Conclusion: This study highlights supportive factors within the work environment, particularly regarding the leadership-empowering role of servant leadership in nursing. Results showhow thissupportis related to nurse assistants ́ well-being at work andsuggeststhat servant leadership can support health promotion within the work environment of nurse assistants. These findings are valuable for nurse assistants, nurse managersand leadershipin the health care system, thus contributingto public health / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-28-7</p>

This dissertation explores the memories and motivations of women who helped mold Pan-African cultural nationalism through challenging, refining, and reshaping organizations influenced by Kawaida, the black liberation philosophy that gave rise to Kwanzaa. This study focuses on female advocates in the Us Organization, Committee for a Unified Newark and the Congress of African People, the East, and Ahidiana. Emphasizing the years 1965 through the mid-to-late 1980s, the work delves into the women’s developing sense of racial and gender consciousness against the backdrop of the Black Power Movement. The study contextualizes recollections of women within the groups’ growth and development, ultimately tracing the organizations’ weakening, demise, and influence on subsequent generations. It examines female advocates within the larger milieu of the Civil Rights Movement’s retrenchment and the rise of Black Power. The dissertation also considers the impact of resurgent African-American nationalism, global independence movements, concomitant Black Campus, Black Arts, and Black Studies Movements, and the groups’ struggles amidst state repression and rising conservatism. Employing oral history, womanist approaches, and primary documents, this work seeks to increase what is known about female Pan-African cultural nationalists. Scholarly literature and archival sources reflect a dearth of cultural-nationalist women’s voices in the historical record. Several organizational histories have included the women’s contributions, but do not substantially engage their backgrounds, motives, and reasoning. Although women were initially restricted to “complementary” roles as helpmates, they were important in shaping and sustaining Pan-African cultural-nationalist organizations by serving as key actors in food cooperatives, educational programs, mass communications pursuits, community enterprises, and political organizing. As female advocates grappled with sexism in Kawaida-influenced groups, they also developed literature, programs, and organizations that broadened the cultural-nationalist vision for ending oppression. Women particularly helped reformulate and modernize Pan-African cultural nationalism over time and space by resisting and redefining restrictive gender roles. As such, they left a legacy of “kazi leadership” focused on collectivity, a commitment to performing the sustained work of bringing about black freedom, and centering African and African-descended people’s ideas and experiences.

Background: Based upon two important phenomena within the manufacturing industry an upcoming agile era is being proposed within this thesis, those phenomena have shown a shift in the focus of attention for companies within the manufacturing industry in the past. The first phenomenon is being referred to as “physical product development saturation” and the second phenomenon is “lean saturation”, which are introduced in order to give importance to the aspiration for a new emphasis to remain competitiveness and create more value within the manufacturing industry. Where in the past the focus was on physical product development, this in order to enhance and or invent new products. This was followed by the need for a more efficient way of working by eliminating wastes (Lean), although both phenomena are about to reach their limits with respect to the extra value they (can) create. The forthcoming agile era allows for a new way of value creation, this by adaptivity. This introduces the potential of a new way to create value, this being done by the agile way of working. Purpose: The research in this thesis aimed to find an answer to the question of how companies within the manufacturing industry could adopt an agile way of working in order to allow for a new way of value creation. Method: This research was approached by conducting a qualitative study. Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted, with companies from the manufacturing, IT and consultancy industries. The collected data was then sorted and analysed systematically to generate knowledge and draw upon conclusions to answer the proposed research questions. Conclusion: In order to successfully adopt the agile way of working, within an organization in the manufacturing industry, the challenge is to create awareness and an understanding of the value and benefits an agile way of working could create, especially for the middle-management. This could be done by explaining an agile way of working as an extension to Lean. Furthermore, the tools &amp; processes of the agile way of working could be experimented with in order to start “doing agile”, this finally resulting in creating an understanding of the potential power of an agile way of working. Whereas, an agile way of working is being characterized by an encouraging, transparent culture led by a servant leadership style by making use of empowerment to stimulate value creation. Ultimately, resulting in adopting an agile way of working and achieving “becoming agile”. / <p>Thesis written in the  context of the study program “Engineering Management”.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:46:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSEMARY FRANCISCA NEVES SILVA.pdf: 1742800 bytes, checksum: 180594893eef6da5b49506d72a814399 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / The solidary Servant of YHWH with the slave people of Babylon has as purpose to analyze the four songs of the servant of YHWH, as memory of slavery in the Babylonic exile. It emphasizes the concept of slavery, the serch history, the figure of the Servant/slave and the conception of society, from the social context lived by the Servant/slave in the Babylonic exile. By means at analysis of the slavery category, it s possible to affirm that the exiled of the Babylonic exile were slaves because they were living in other nation, far from their temple, and from their roots. The search shows the Servant/slave figure that is presented in four servant songs of YHWH using as reference theoric to prove the hypothesis, the search history of the four Songs of the Servant of YHWH the historic critical and the controversial Reading that eneables a better comprehention of the proposal perícope (Is 42,1-4; Is 49,1-6; Is 50,4-9 and Is 52,13-53,12). In the first chapter it is presented the history of the search of the four songs, that are inserted in Deutero-Isaiah, accoveling to the hypotesis of the three Isaiah. In the second chapter are presented the songs and the exegetic analysis of every one, as well as the thems that permeate them. On the other hand, the third chapter speeaks about the Servant/slave of four songs of the Servant of YHWH in the view of the conflited Reading to evidence the quotidian of the exiled that was marked by the slavery. It shows yet the political questions, economic and socials, as well as the ethnic identity of the group of the exiled and the religious experience of them in the exile of Babylon. The fourth chapter is an hermeneutic approximation between the servant figure of the four songs and the black woman in the Brazilian colonial period, evidenced the approximations of slavey, solidarity and liberty as much the exiled from the Babylonic period as the ensloved black woman in the colonial Brazil. It is hoped that, the results of this search can be very important for future reflections and the teaching of the servant songs of YHWH, as well for its contribution in searches about slavery in exile from the four servant songs of YHWH. / O Servo de YHWH solidário com o povo escravo da Babilônia tem como intuito analisar os quatro Cantos do Servo de YHWH como memória de escravidão no exílio babilônico. Enfatiza o conceito de escravidão, a história da pesquisa, a figura do Servo/escravo e a concepção de sociedade, a partir do contexto social vivido pelo Servo/escravo no exílio babilônico. Por meio da análise da categoria escravidão, é possível afirmar que os exilados do exílio da Babilônia eram escravos porque estavam vivendo em outra nação, longe de seu templo e de suas raízes. A pesquisa mostra a figura do Servo/escravo que é apresentado nos quatro Cantos do Servo de YHWH tendo como referencial teórico, para comprovar a hipótese, a história da pesquisa dos quatro Cantos do Servo de YHWH, o método histórico-crítico e a leitura conflitual que possibilita uma melhor compreensão das perícopes propostas (Is 42,1-4; Is 49,1-6; Is 50,4-9 e Is 52,13-53,12). No primeiro capítulo apresenta-se a História da Pesquisa dos quatro Cantos, que estão inseridos no Dêutero-Isaías, segundo a hipótese dos três Isaías. No segundo capítulo são apresentados os Cantos e a análise exegética de cada um, bem como os temas que os permeiam. Já o terceiro capítulo aborda o Servo/escravo dos quatro Cantos do Servo de YHWH na ótica da leitura conflitual para evidenciar o cotidiano dos exilados que foi marcado pela escravidão. Mostra ainda as questões políticas, econômicas e sociais, bem como a identidade étnica do grupo dos exilados e a experiência religiosa destes no exílio da Babilônia. O quarto capítulo faz uma aproximação hermenêutica entre a figura do servo dos quatro Cantos e a mulher negra no período colonial brasileiro, evidenciando as aproximações de escravidão, solidariedade e libertação tanto dos exilados do período babilônico, como das mulheres negras escravizadas no Brasil colonial. Espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa sejam relevantes para futuras reflexões e ensino dos Cantos do Servo de YHWH, bem como que deem sua contribuição nas pesquisas sobre a escravidão no exílio a partir dos quatro Cantos do Servo de YHWH.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-11-30T11:32:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rubens Ferreira Junior.pdf: 1796283 bytes, checksum: de1814582d933c88c636e0614fd43dfe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-30T11:32:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rubens Ferreira Junior.pdf: 1796283 bytes, checksum: de1814582d933c88c636e0614fd43dfe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-08 / This dissertation aims to analyse the structure of the Public Administration, both in terms of its purposes and its means, with special attention on public office regime. An analysis based on Max Weber’s premises regarding the Patrimonial and the Bureaucratic Public Administration, in order to question the called Managerial Public Administration, erroneously related to the idea of a more efficient management. It is also intended to demonstrate the inexistence of the correlation between Managerial Public Administration and Democracy, as well as the inconsistency of the discourse regarding the blemishes of the bureaucracy (as long as implemented), with the suppression of deviated conduct in a patrimonial context, which offend the principles of the Public Administration, mainly the morality, the supremacy of the public interest and, above all, the efficiency, which has triggered the whole managerial restructuration. This study focuses on two main actors: the public agent and the citizen, and will emphasize the first due to the specific regime imposed on him / A presente dissertação de mestrado pretende promover a análise da estrutura da Administração Pública, tanto no que refere aos seus fins quanto aos seus meios, com enfoque no regime de cargo. Uma análise – que parte das premissas de Max Weber referente aos tipos de Administração Pública Patrimonial e Burocrática – para questionar a chamada Administração Pública Gerencial, associada erroneamente à uma administração mais eficiente, bem como para demonstrar a inexistência da correlação entre a figura da Administração Pública Gerencial e a democracia, como também a improcedência do discurso acerca das mazelas da burocracia – desde que efetivamente implantada – com a supressão dos desvios de conduta de caráter patrimonialista que ofendem os princípios da Administração Pública, em especial a moralidade, a supremacia do interesse público e, sobretudo, a eficiência, que desencadeou toda a reestruturação gerencial. Esta análise concentra-se em dois protagonistas: o agente público e o cidadão, com foco no primeiro, haja vista o próprio regime que lhe é imposto

O objetivo dessa investigação foi conhecer a realidade de um órgão público no contexto da atual reforma gerencial, as vivências dos trabalhadores e suas condições de trabalho, bem como as repercussões destes sobre a saúde mental e qualidade de vida. Foi realizada uma pesquisa mista de abordagem transformativa-sequencial. Aplicou-se o questionário WHOQOL-Bref, que avalia a qualidade de vida e o questionário SRQ-20, que levanta dados acerca da saúde mental, no que se refere aos Transtornos Psíquicos Menores associados a sintomas psicossomáticos. A pesquisa qualitativa foi orientada pela metodologia da PDT – Psicodinâmica do Trabalho que consiste em uma escuta coletiva das vivências dos trabalhadores. Participaram 51 servidores de uma gerência regional do INSS. Além da aplicação dos questionários, foram realizados 12 encontros para escuta coletiva. Constatou-se que os participantes consideram sua qualidade de vida na média de 14 (entre 4 e 20). Na análise das subescalas e questões individuais, há um decréscimo significativo deste escore, indicando que o índice de qualidade de vida geral não é representativo de todos os domínios da mesma. Nas questões relativas ao ambiente físico 88% mostram-se insatisfeitos. O nível de energia também foi considerado insatisfatório, sendo que 56,9 % o valoraram em pouco ou médio. Já para as oportunidades de lazer, o percentual de insatisfação foi de 70,6%. Essa insatisfação manifestada é congruente com os resultados da pesquisa qualitativa. Já o SRQ-20 aponta agravos à saúde mental dos participantes, associados ao ritmo frenético e sem sentido a que estão continuamente submetidos. 72,5% dos participantes encontram-se nervosos, tensos e preocupados, revelando sua insegurança com o futuro e a instabilidade da reforma gerencial. No cômputo geral, para o ponto de corte 7/8 verificou-se positividade ao SRQ-20, sendo que o índice sinalizador de transtornos psíquicos menores foi de 42,9%. A análise das subescalas do SRQ-20 deixou claro que os principais aspectos sugestivos de transtornos psíquicos situam-se na dimensão humor depressivo-ansioso e na dimensão decréscimo de energia vital, sinalizando sobrecarga, esvaziamento do sentido do trabalho, insegurança e desgaste mental e indicando a urgência de ações de prevenção e promoção de saúde neste contexto. A investigação da associação entre os aspectos de qualidade de vida e saúde mental e os aspectos psicodinâmicos do trabalho revelou fatores significativos de adoecimento psíquico. Destaca-se a prevalência de estratégias defensivas individuais de resignação, submissão e isolamento, bem como predomínio do sofrimento patogênico. Alia-se ao acima exposto, a precarização deste contexto de trabalho verificada, em especial, na falta de reconhecimento à importância do servidor público no que se refere aos resultados sociais de seu trabalho associado ao desmoronamento da ética do bem comum que sustenta o sentido do mesmo. Ainda, verificou-se (des)estabilidade evidenciada na descontinuidade da renda e na falta de oportunidades de crescimento e, também, na intensa sobrecarga de trabalho. O orgulho pela profissão, o prazer por garantir os direitos do segurado e o reconhecimento e valorização desse importante papel social, bem como a retomada dos coletivos de trabalho, através da criação de espaços públicos de discussão, conforme propostos pela PDT, podem constituir estratégias de enfrentamento na promoção de relações de trabalho mais saudáveis e emancipatórias. / The goal of this research was to understand the reality of a Brazilian public corporation in the current management reform context, the workers‟ experiences, their working conditions, and its impact on their mental health and on their quality of life. A mixed sequential- transformative research approach was conducted. We used the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire, that evaluates the quality of life, and the SRQ-20, which seeks data on mental health, with regard to Minor Psychiatric Disorders associated to psychosomatic symptoms. The qualitative research was guided by PDT (in Portuguese) methodology - Psychodynamics of Work, which consists in collective listening to the workers‟ experiences. 51 workers from a regional INSS agency (similar to Social Security Agency), located in Rio Grande do Sul, state of Brazil, participated to this research. Besides applying questionnaires, 12 meetings were held for collective listening. It was found that participants consider their quality of life on average 14 (from 4 to 20). In the analysis of subscales and individual issues, there is a significant decrease of this score, indicating that the rate of overall quality of life does not represent its entire domain. Considering physical environment, 88% of workers were dissatisfied. The energy level was also considered unsatisfactory, having in mind that 56.9% of workers evaluated it as little or medium. For leisure opportunities, the percentage of dissatisfaction was about 70.6%. The dissatisfaction expressed is congruent with the results of qualitative research. The SRQ-20 points out harm to participants‟ mental health, associated to frenetic pace and meaningless activities to which they are continuously subjected. 72.5% of participants were nervous, tense and worried, revealing their insecurity about the future and the instability of the current management reform. Overall, for the cut-off point 7/8 there was positivity to the SRQ-20 and minor psychiatric disorders index was 42.9 %. The analysis of SRQ-20 subscales revealed the main suggestive aspects of mental disorders lie in the anxious-depressive mood and in the decrease of vital energy dimension, indicating overload, loss of work meaning, insecurity and mental fatigue, indicating the urgency of prevention and health promotion actions in this context. The investigation on the association between quality of life aspects and mental health ones and also on psychodynamics of work characteristics revealed significant factors about mental illness. It is possible to highlight the prevalence of individual defensive strategies of resignation, submission and insulation as well as prevalence of pathogenic suffering. We add the above mentioned to the precariousness verified in this work context, in particular, the lack of recognition to the importance of public servants in what regards the social outcomes of their work, associated to the collapse of common good ethics that maintain working sense. Besides, there was (in)stability demonstrated from discontinuity of salary, from lack of growth opportunities and also from the intense workload. The pride in this profession, the pleasure in ensuring people‟s rights and the recognition and appreciation of this important social role, as well as the resumption of work collectives, through the creation of discussion spaces, as proposed by PDT, may create facing strategies for promoting healthier working relationships and emancipatory actions.

Tese de Doutoramento. Engenharia Industrial e Gestão. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012