Bakgrund: Allt fler arbetsgivare inför individbaserad lönesättning för att kunna attrahera, knyta an och utveckla rätt kompetens och därigenom hantera de alltmer komplexa produktionsprocesserna och den växande konkurrenssituationen. Individuell lönesättning antas stimulera medarbetarnas arbetsmotivation vilket i sin tur bidrar till ökad arbetsprestation och förbättrat resultat för företaget. Systemet förutsätter dock att medarbetarna upplever lönesättningen som rättvis för att den individbaserade lönen ska få den avsedda effekten. Motivation och rättvisa är emellertid subjektivt, inrymmer flera element och tenderar ge lönen en relativ betydelse vilket gör utformningen av ett individbaserat lönesystem komplext. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera förhållningssätt hos aktörerna: företag, fack och medarbetare gällande individuell lönesättning, rättvisa och motivation. För att därigenom kunna jämföra och koppla samman aktörernas förhållningssätt och peka ut faktorer som kan främja arbetet med att utforma ett lönesättningssystem med inslag av individbaserad lönesättning som ska fungera motiverande, upplevas rättvis och bidra till ökad prestation. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod där empirin har samlats in genom intervjuer, enkäter samt analys av sekundärdata. Studien har ett fallföretag som utgångspunkt där informanter och respondenter har utgjorts av representanter från fack och företag samt anställda inom företaget. Datainsamlingsmetoderna och datainsamlingskällorna hanterades genom triangulering. Slutsatser: Studien visar att alla aktörer har ett positivt förhållningssätt till individbaserad lönesättning samt att det finns ett flertal gemensamma nämnare aktörerna emellan. Bland annat tycker alla aktörer att kompetens ska utgöra den främsta bedömningsgrunden, att högre lön är motiverande samt att ett transparent och tydligt lönesystem med lönekriterier som alla känner till och förstår är en förutsättning för att lönesättningen ska upplevas som rättvis och motiverande. Därtill pekas den lönesättande chefen ut som central för upplevelsen av rättvisa vid lönesättning samt att alla medarbetare ska få inflytande och likvärdiga förutsättningar att kompetensutvecklas och därigenom kunna höja lönen. / Background: More and more employers are introducing performance-based wage-setting in order toattract, connect and develop competence and in addition handle the increasingly complex production processes and the growing competitive situation. Performance-based setting is assumed to stimulate employees´ work motivation, which in turn contributes to increased work performance and improved results for the company. However, the system presupposes that employees perceive wage setting as fair in order for the performance-based salary to have the intended effect. Motivation and justice are subjective, contain several elements and tend to give the salary a relative significance, which makes the design of an performance-based salary system complex. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe and analyse the attitudes of the actors: companies, unions and employees regarding performance-based wage setting, justice and motivation. In order to thereby be able to compare and connect the actors' attitudes and point out factors that can promote the work of designing a wage setting system with elements of performance-based wage setting that must function motivatingly, be perceived as fair and contribute to increased performance. Method: The study is based on a qualitative method where the empirical data has been collected through interviews, questionnaires and analysis of secondary data. The study has a case company as a starting point where informants and respondents have consisted of representatives from the union and the company as well as employees within the company. The data collection methods and data collection sources were handled by triangulation. Conclusions: The study shows that all actors have a positive approach to performance-based wage setting and that there are several common denominators between the actors. Among other things, all actors think that competence should be the main basis for assessment, that higher pay is motivating and that a transparent and clear salary system with defined criteria that everyone have knowledge about and understand is a prerequisite for a salary setting to be perceived as fair and motivating. In addition, the payroll manager is pointed out as central to the experience of justice in wage setting and that all employees should have influence and equal opportunities to develop skills and thereby be able to raise salaries.

This diploma thesis examines the impact of the former US President Donald Trump's private Twitter account on agenda-building and how the Czech media work with information from this account. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first part of the diploma thesis deals with the key theories and concepts of media studies such as the theory of agenda-setting, gatekeeping, news values, framing and intermedia agenda-setting. It also focuses on the contemporary form of political communication and the phenomenon of celebrity politics. The thesis also includes the overview of existing studies describing the political communication of the former US President Donald Trump on the social networking site Twitter and confirm the agenda-building role of this social network. The second part of the diploma thesis describes the research methodology and subsequent quantitative content analysis of news articles. The findings of quantitative content analysis are explained in the context of the theoretical concepts and previous studies. One of the main findings of this thesis is that Trump was able to some extent build media agenda, frame different topics and events and control his image in the media through his Twitter account.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of first- and second-level agenda setting as well as issue ownership in the 2020 Democratic primary debates and whether there is a relationship between using strategies based on these theories and qualifying for future debates. The study seeks to answer three research questions: What is the relationship, if any, between a candidate whose statements focused primarily on the three issues considered most important by the public according to opinion polls and whether this candidate qualified for future debates? How did candidates use frames to redraw the attention of issues? What is the relationship, if any, between the extent to which a candidate’s statements discussed performance issues more than Republican-owned or Democratic-owned issues and whether this candidate qualified for future debates? The study draws mainly on the first and second level of the agenda setting theory, as well as the theory of issue ownership, and analyzes what issues candidates focus on, what attributes of these issues they emphasize, and whether they discuss performance issues like the economy or foreign policy more than issues owned by either the Republican or the Democratic Party. Through a quantitative content analysis of four candidates’ (Joe Biden, Bernie Sanders, Amy Klobuchar, & Andrew Yang) statements from three of the eleven primary debates held in the 2020 primary process, the study found no direct relationship between focusing on the public’s three most important issues and qualifying for future debates. Similarly, no such relationship was found between emphasizing certain attributes and qualifying for future debates, although the results suggest that candidates may have benefited from avoiding framing issues economically, which concurs with previous findings (Boydstun, Glazier, & Pietryka, 2013a; Boydstun, Glazier, & Phillips, 2013) and supports Vavreck’s (2009) theory that insurgent candidates should not emphasize the economy. Findings also demonstrated the contrasting ways three of the candidates framed the same issues, where Joe Biden and Amy Klobuchar tended to emphasize economic frames when discussing Medicare while Bernie Sanders emphasized effectiveness. Lastly, the findings support previous research on issue ownership since findings showed that most candidates discussed Democratic-owned issues more than other issues, while the eventual presidential nominee, Joe Biden, overall discussed performance issues more than issues owned by either party. This suggests that focusing on such issues may be beneficial for challenging candidates during an election cycle where the sitting president has been criticized for not being able to handle the job. Thus, no direct relationship could be found in the case of RQ1 or RQ2 but discussing performance issues the most overall may have benefited one candidate, suggesting there is a relationship in the case of RQ3. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka förekomsten av första och andra nivån av dagordningsteorin samt av issue ownership i Demokraternas primärdebatter 2020 och huruvida det finns någon relation mellan att använda strategier baserade på dessa teorier och att kvalificera sig för framtida debatter. Studien undersöker tre frågeställningar: Vad är relationen, om någon, mellan en kandidat vars uttalanden under debatterna fokuserade främst på de tre frågor som väljarna ansåg var viktigast enligt opinionsundersökningar och huruvida denna kandidat kvalificerade sig för framtida debatter? Hur använde kandidaterna ”frames” för att kontrollera diskussionen kring frågor? Vad är relationen, om någon, mellan den utsträckning en kandidats uttalanden under debatterna diskuterade så kallade ”performance issues” mer än frågor ägda av det republikanska eller demokratiska partiet och huruvida denna kandidat kvalificerade sig för framtida debatter? Studien bygger huvudsakligen på den första och andra nivån av dagordningsteorin, liksom teorin om issue ownership, och analyserar vilka frågor kandidaterna fokuserar på, vilka attribut de betonar när de talar om dessa frågor och om de diskuterar performance issues såsom ekonomi eller utrikespolitik mer än frågor som ägs av antingen republikanska eller demokratiska partiet. Genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av fyra kandidaters (Joe Biden, Bernie Sanders, Amy Klobuchar och Andrew Yang) uttalanden från tre av de elva primärdebatterna som hölls under primärprocessen 2020 fann studien ingen direkt relation mellan att fokusera på de tre frågor som väljarna ansåg var viktigast och att kvalificera sig för framtida debatter. Det hittades inte heller någon sådan relation mellan att betona vissa attribut och att kvalificera sig för framtida debatter, även om resultaten tyder på att kandidater kan ha haft nytta av att undvika att betona ekonomiska attribut, vilket överensstämmer med tidigare resultat (Boydstun, Glazier, & Pietryka, 2013a; Boydstun, Glazier, & Phillips, 2013) och stöttar Vavrecks (2009) teori att så kallade ”insurgent candidates” drar nytta av att inte diskutera ekonomin mer än nödvändigt. Resultaten visade också hur olika kandidaternas inramning av en specifik fråga var, då Joe Biden och Amy Klobuchar hade en tendens att betona ekonomiska attribut när de talade om frågor gällande Medicare medan Bernie Sanders fokuserade mer på effektivitetsattribut.  Slutligen stöder studien tidigare forskning om issue ownership då resultaten visade på att de flesta kandidater diskuterade frågor ägda av det demokratiska partiet mer än andra frågor, medan den kandidat som slutligen skulle få det demokratiska partiets presidentsnominering, Joe Biden, totalt sett diskuterade performance issues mer än frågor ägda av något av partierna. Detta tyder på att ett fokus på sådana frågor kan vara till nytta för att utmanande kandidater under en valcykel där den sittande presidenten har kritiserats för sin hantering av arbetet. Således kunde ingen direkt relation hittas när det gällde RQ1 eller RQ2, men resultaten tyder på att en kandidat kan ha gynnats av att diskutera performance issues mest över lag, vilket i sig tyder på att det finns en relation gällnade RQ3.

The goal of here below presented text is the introduction of the concept of the agenda setting and to try to prove the validity of this theory on the thematic field of economic policy in the period from January 2009 to March 2010. For this purpose two data sets were used. The first one, which represents the public agenda, contains the data from continuous research of public opinion realized by the Public opinion research center (CVVM). The second one is the result of the quantitative content analysis of the TV news and presents the importance of the above mentioned thematic field in the media agenda. For proving of the causal relationship in between those two agendas the method of the pair correlations was used. The results confirm the relatively strong correlation between the media coverage of the topic and its position in the public agenda`s framework. It has been proved that an important role in the whole process represents the fact whether the news is domestic or foreign as well as the importance of gender. The time factor appeared also as a main intervening variable.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Allt fler arbetsgivare inför individbaserad lönesättning för att kunna attrahera, knyta an och utveckla rätt kompetens och därigenom hantera de alltmer komplexa produktionsprocesserna och den växande konkurrenssituationen. Individuell lönesättning antas stimulera medarbetarnas arbetsmotivation vilket i sin tur bidrar till ökad arbetsprestation och förbättrat resultat för företaget. Systemet förutsätter dock att medarbetarna upplever lönesättningen som rättvis för att den individbaserade lönen ska få den avsedda effekten. Motivation och rättvisa är emellertid subjektivt, inrymmer flera element och tenderar ge lönen en relativ betydelse vilket gör utformningen av ett individbaserat lönesystem komplext. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera förhållningssätt hos aktörerna: företag, fack och medarbetare gällande individuell lönesättning, rättvisa och motivation. För att därigenom kunna jämföra och koppla samman aktörernas förhållningssätt och peka ut faktorer som kan främja arbetet med att utforma ett lönesättningssystem med inslag av individbaserad lönesättning som ska fungera motiverande, upplevas rättvis och bidra till ökad prestation. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod där empirin har samlats in genom intervjuer, enkäter samt analys av sekundärdata. Studien har ett fallföretag som utgångspunkt där informanter och respondenter har utgjorts av representanter från fack och företag samt anställda inom företaget. Datainsamlingsmetoderna och datainsamlingskällorna hanterades genom triangulering. Slutsatser: Studien visar att alla aktörer har ett positivt förhållningssätt till individbaserad lönesättning samt att det finns ett flertal gemensamma nämnare aktörerna emellan. Bland annat tycker alla aktörer att kompetens ska utgöra den främsta bedömningsgrunden, att högre lön är motiverande samt att ett transparent och tydligt lönesystem med lönekriterier som alla känner till och förstår är en förutsättning för att lönesättningen ska upplevas som rättvis och motiverande. Därtill pekas den lönesättande chefen ut som central för upplevelsen av rättvisa vid lönesättning samt att alla medarbetare ska få inflytande och likvärdiga förutsättningar att kompetensutvecklas och därigenom kunna höja lönen. / Background: More and more employers are introducing performance-based wage-setting in order to attract, connect and develop competence and in addition handle the increasingly complex production processes and the growing competitive situation. Performance-based setting is assumed to stimulate employees´ work motivation, which in turn contributes to increased work performance and improved results for the company. However, the system presupposes that employees perceive wage setting as fair in order for the performance-based salary to have the intended effect. Motivation and justice are subjective, contain several elements and tend to give the salary a relative significance, which makes the design of an performance-based salary system complex. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe and analyse the attitudes of the actors: companies, unions and employees regarding performance-based wage setting, justice and motivation. In order to thereby be able to compare and connect the actors' attitudes and point out factors that can promote the work of designing a wage setting system with elements of performance-based wage setting that must function motivatingly, be perceived as fair and contribute to increased performance. Method: The study is based on a qualitative method where the empirical data has been collected through interviews, questionnaires and analysis of secondary data. The study has a case company as a starting point where informants and respondents have consisted of representatives from the union and the company as well as employees within the company. The data collection methods and data collection sources were handled by triangulation. Conclusions: The study shows that all actors have a positive approach to performance-based wage setting and that there are several common denominators between the actors. Among other things, all actors think that competence should be the main basis for assessment, that higher pay is motivating and that a transparent and clear salary system with defined criteria that everyone have knowledge about and understand is a prerequisite for a salary setting to be perceived as fair and motivating. In addition, the payroll manager is pointed out as central to the experience of justice in wage setting and that all employees should have influence and equal opportunities to develop skills and thereby be able to raise salaries. / <p>Examensarbete och metod i företagsekonomi: Management G2E 22,5 hp FÖ541G</p>

I denna studie studeras dagordningsteorin, intermedial dagordning och vilken skillnad som underhållningsmedia, i detta fallet dokumentärer och tv-serier, kan ha för hur media rapporterar om olika ämnen och sporter. Syftet i den här studien är att se hur underhållningsmedium potentiellt kan göra intryck på medias dagordning genom intermedial dagordning. Vi använder oss av tv-serien Formula 1: Drive to survive som ett case för att se skillnaden på medias rapportering mellan två olika tidsperioder. För att göra detta använder sig studien av en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där vi analyser artiklar, framtagna från mediearkivet retriever, med hjälp av SPSS. Vi analyserar 200 olika artiklar där 100 stycken är tagna från tidsperioden 2015-2018 och de resterande 100 artiklarna är från 2019-2022. Studiens teoretiska ramverk är dagordningsteorin, intermedial dagordning och gestaltningsteorin. Resultaten från studien visar på ökningar av bland annat mängden pressutskick och artiklar som hanterar ämnet ekonomi. I studien analyserades det även ifall förekomsten av rykten och spekulationer var hög i rapporteringen men det visade den sig inte vara. Vi har sett att fler länder rapporterade om Formel 1 i den andra tidsperioden. Analysen visade en minskning av antalet notiser i den andra tidsperioden och även en ökning av antalet pressutskick i samma tidsperiod. De enda märkvärdiga skillnaderna vad gäller omfång var att standardavvikelsen var lägre i den andra tidsperioden. Framställandet av Formel 1 tycks inte ha förändrats på något markant sätt efter Formula 1: Drive to Survive. Utifrån vår studie så finns det få markanta skillnader mellan tidsperioderna. I denna studie och i detta case så ser vi inte att det skett något markant intermedial dagordning även ifall allmänheten möjligtvis har fått ett större intresse för Formel 1 efter Formula 1: Drive to Survive. / In this paper we are studying the agenda setting theory, intermedial agenda setting and what differences entertainment, in this case documentaries and tv-series, can make on how the media are reporting on different subjects and sports. The purpose of this study is to see how entertainment media can potentially make an imprint on the media’s agenda setting through intermedial agenda setting. We are using the tv-series Formula 1: Drive to survive as a case to see the differences in how the media are reporting on the sport between two different time periods. To accomplish this we are using a quantitative content analysis where we analyze articles, collected with mediearkivet retriever, with the help of SPSS. We analyzed 200 articles with 100 articles taken from the time period of 2015-2018 and the remaining 100 articles taken from the period 2019-2022. The theoretical framework of the study is the agenda setting theory, intermedial agenda setting and framing theory. The results of the study show increases in, among other things, the amount of press releases and articles dealing with economics as a subject. In the study, it was also analyzed if the occurrence of rumors and speculation was high in the reporting, but it turned out not to be. We have seen more countries reporting on Formula 1 in the second time period. The analysis showed a decrease in the number of notices in the second time period and also an increase in the number of press releases in the same time period. The only significant differences in scope of the articles were that the standard deviation was markedly lower in the second time period. The representation of Formula 1 does not seem to have changed in any significant way after Formula 1: Drive to Survive. Based on our study, there are few differences between the time periods. In this study and in this case, we do not see that there has been any significant intermedial agenda setting, even if the public has possibly gained a greater interest in Formula 1 after Formula 1: Drive to Survive.

[pt] Nos últimos anos, a Primeira Infância entrou na agenda pública. Além do aumento da atenção por parte da academia, de órgãos internacionais e de organizações não governamentais, a agenda pública também passou a valorizar a temática, tendo como seu principal resultado a promulgação do Marco Legal da Primeira Infância (MLPI, Lei 13.257 de 2016). Partindo dessa constatação, essa dissertação teve como objetivo analisar os fatores que contribuíram para a escolha de políticas e ações que priorizam a Primeira Infância na agenda pública brasileira. Para analisar os fatores que fundamentam o surgimento e intensificação de políticas e ações voltadas para a garantia dos direitos das crianças na Primeira Infância, esta investigação, de caráter qualitativo, partiu da contribuição dos Estudos da Infância que veem a infância como construção social que se modifica ao longo do processo histórico. Para tanto, foram abordados aspectos relativos à construção social da Infância e da Primeira Infância; as principais abordagens que influenciaram as narrativas, legislações e programas sociais voltadas para a Primeira Infância; os ciclos das políticas públicas, formação de agenda e as diferentes maneiras como os diversos atores sociais se relacionam, além de uma análise do contexto socioeconômico brasileiro dos indicadores acerca da Primeira Infância. Concluiuse que, apesar do MLPI ter partido do princípio de garantia dos direitos, o discurso dominante no Brasil parte majoritariamente das perspectivas da neurociência e da economia no que tange à importância do investimento na Primeira Infância. Ademais, apesar da Primeira Infância ter entrado na agenda pública brasileira, estas conquistas ainda pouco se refletem nas vidas das crianças brasileiras. / [en] In recent years, Early Childhood has entered the public agenda. In addition to increased attention from academia, international organization and nongovernmental organizations, a public agenda has also started to value the issue, with the main result being the enactment of the Legal Framework for Early Childhood (MLPI, Law 13,257 of 2016) . Based on this finding, this dissertation aimed to analyze the factors that contributed to the choice of policies and actions that prioritize Early Childhood in the brazilian public agenda. To assess the factors that underlie the emergence and intensification of policies and actions aimed at guaranteeing the rights of children in Early Childhood, this qualitative investigation starts from the contribution of Childhood Studies that see childhood as a social construction that changes. throughout the historical process. To this end, aspects related to the social construction of Childhood and Early Childhood were analyzed; the main approaches that influence narratives, legislation and social programs aimed at Early Childhood; the cycle of public policies, agenda setting and how the different social actors relate to each other, in addition besides one to an analysis of the Brazilian socioeconomic context of indicators relating to Early Childhood. It was concluded that, despite the MLPI starting from the principle of guaranteeing rights, the dominant discourse in Brazil are mostly from the perspectives of neuroscience and economics. Furthermore, despite Early Childhood having entered the Brazilian public agenda, these achievements are still little reflected in the lives of Brazilian children.

Master of Science / Food Science / Edgar Chambers IV / Palatability of pet foods is judged by the use of animals in colonies. Pet food manufacturers would like to understand how palatable a food is compared to another food. This generally is accomplished by a two pan test where a pet has the opportunity to freely choose between two foods. Preference is evaluated through the use of an intake ratio, the ratio of the amount of test food consumed divided by the total amount of the foods consumed. Although this is easy to do in laboratories, another option would be to do such studies with animals in more ‘real-life’ home environments. The purpose of this study was to develop, and test a method to capture feeding information from a study of canines in the home environment and analyze the results of the palatability tests. Individual dog owners were screened for information on the household and pets. Twenty-five dogs of different ages, breeds and sizes were selected to participate on the in-home panel. Seven different palatability tests were performed using the in-home panel with four of those tests being replicated; a total of 11 comparative tests. These dogs were tested using a proprietary computer-based technology that collected information about intake of each food for each individual dog for a duration of seven days for each of the 11 comparative studies. Data was analyzed and resulted in showing that differences between foods can be found. Statistical analyses compared initial day one data to subsequent day data collected during each study to determine whether a full seven day test was needed. In addition, comparisons were made to compare the impact of prior foods eaten to subsequent preferences of the dogs. Results of the in-home panel were the same on day one as for all seven days of testing. Also, previous exposure to a food did not alter subsequent preference for that food. Such data has implications for pet food manufacturers related to timing and cost of testing.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1965 H39 / Master of Science