This paper develops a numerical algorithm that produces finite element solutions for a broad class of partial differential equations. The method is based on steepest descent methods in the Sobolev space H¹(Ω). Although the method may be applied in more general settings, we consider only differential equations that may be written as a first order quasi-linear system. The method is developed in a Hilbert space setting where strong convergence is established for part of the iteration. We also prove convergence for an inner iteration in the finite element setting. The method is demonstrated on Burger's equation and the Navier-Stokes equations as applied to the square cavity flow problem. Numerical evidence suggests that the accuracy of the method is second order,. A documented listing of the FORTRAN code for the Navier-Stokes equations is included.

Este trabalho analisa dois eventos bastante distintos (o Movimento das Diretas Já, no Brasil, em 1984, e a mobilização popular após o atentado de 11 de Março, na Espanha, em 2004) sob o ponto de vista das hipóteses de agendamento e espiral do silêncio. O objetivo é mostrar que, em casos muito especiais, é possível que o público legitime determinada reivindicação, reorganizando a esfera pública e forçando que tal reivindicação seja incorporada pelas agendas da mídia e do governo, em um processo que chamaremos de contra-agendamento. Para tanto, foram analisadas edições dos jornais Folha de São Paulo e Zero Hora, no caso brasileiro, e El Pais e El Mundo, no caso espanhol. / This paper examines two very different events (the campaign for direct elections, in Brazil, in 1984, and the manifestations after March 11th bombings in Madrid, in 2004) from agenda-stetting and spiral of silence points of view. The aim is to show that, under special occasions, it is possible that the public legitimates a certain demand, which is forced to be incorporated in the media and government agendas, in a process called social-setting. To do so, were analyzed issues from newspapers Folha de São Paulo, Zero Hora, El Pais and El Mundo.

O presente estudo relata uma experiência psicológica em uma comunidade indígena Guarani-Mbyá. Especificamente propõe-se a descrever uma experiência de atenção psicológica na aldeia indígena Krucutu e descrever formas de intervenção psicológica utilizadas, suas vicissitudes e a importância do setting e do campo das relações emocionais estabelecidas nessa experiência psicoterapêutica. Este trabalho se deu em aldeia Guarani de Parelheiros, na região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo num período de quatro anos, entre 2004 até início de 2009. São descritas duas intervenções grupais, denominadas oficinas, sendo uma delas realizada com adolescentes e jovens e outra com crianças; são também descritos dois casos de atenção psicoterapêutica individual: o acompanhamento de um jovem psicótico e o de uma mulher com distúrbio de comportamento. Os resultados dessa experiência revelaram, entre outros fatores, a presença de ambigüidade, entendida como uma dificuldade na constituição da identidade pessoal. Essa ambigüidade, causadora de sofrimento psíquico foi revelada no conteúdo verbal, não verbal e nas produções gráficas. Denotou intensa angústia, gerada pelo conflito entre o desejo, quase nunca consciente, de ter aquilo que é atrativo do mundo moderno capitalista e o sentimento de lealdade às origens, à preservação de hábitos, costumes, valores, ou seja, uma devoção à vida Guarani. Quanto ao manejo técnicoclínico, houve dificuldades na manutenção do setting, porém a partir da compreensão do campo das relações emocionais foi possível a elucidação de conflitos. A própria compreensão dos entraves, de vicissitudes relacionadas com os aspectos culturais e das relações emocionais (advindos do mundo externo ou interno) foi fundamental na manutenção e desenvolvimento dos grupos e dos atendimentos individuais. Foi possível observar que a utilização das técnicas e do arcabouço teórico psicanalítico puderam ser eficazes e contribuíram para compreensão e intervenção na saúde e sofrimento psíquico dessas pessoas de etnia Guarani-Mbya, respeitando-se sua cultura e seus valores / This is a report of a psychological experience in a Guarani-Mbyá indigenous community. It specifically reports a psychological intervention in the community and describes the psychological tactics that were used and the importance of the establishment of the setting and the emotional relational field in this psychotherapeutic experience. It was a four years experience, till 2009, held in a Guarani community located at Parelheiros, in the São Paulo metropolitan region. Here, it is reported two group intervention, called oficina, one of them with children, and the other with adolescents and young adults; it too describes two individual interventions: one for a psychotic young male and the other for a woman with behavior disorder. The common aspect in these four interventions is the presence of the so-called ambiguity. The ambiguity among them, and the related psychological stress, is shown as difficulties in the construction of one\'s self identity that appeared in verbal and non verbal expressions and graphic materials. They are torn between the rarely conscious desire of maintaining their cultural expression (language, customs, kinship concepts, religious notions) and the patterns of a non- indigenous society. This ambiguity appears in the emotional relational field of the psychotherapeutic context. There are ups and downs in the process and the comprehension of them is fundamental to maintain and improve the individual and group interventions. The psychoanalytical approach used in this experience was useful for the comprehension and treatment of the Psychological Stress and Mental Health of Indigenous Guarani- Mbyá

Denna uppsats redogör för skillnader och likheter i beteende och användning av mobilapplikationen Fishbrain beroende på vilket operativsystem (Android eller iOS) användarna har samt vilka faktorer som kan påverka dessa användarmässiga skillnader. Undersökningen kan vara av intresse för företag som utvecklar mobilapplikationer för olika operativsystem men även ligga till grund för andra studenter som undersöker relationer mellan operativsystem och hur de används. Med hjälp av virtual behavior setting- teorin studerar vi användandet av mobilapplikationen Fishbrain och analyserar vilka skillnader och likheter vi finner för de olika operativsystemen. Vi studerar även designmönster och undersöker om Fishbrains mobilapplikation följer Google och Apples designriktlinjer. Genom två kvantitativa metoder, enkät och analys av applikationsdata, kommer vi fram till att det finns såväl skillnader som likheter i användningen av mobilapplikationen Fishbrain mellan operativsystemen Android och iOS. Undersökningen visar att det finns signifikanta skillnader i användandet av Fishbrains mobilapplikation och att detta både beror på hur användare av olika operativsystem beter sig samt designmässig skillnad i hur applikationen är utformad i enlighet med operativsystemens respektive designmönster. / This essay describes the differences and similarities in behavior and use of the Fishbrain mobile application, depending on which operating system is used (Android or iOS). This study may be of interest to companies developing mobile applications for different operating systems, but also to other students who want to investigate the behavioral relationship between a user’s chosen operating system, and how it affects their respective behavior in-app. Using the virtual behavior setting theory, we study the usage patterns of Fishbrain-users and analyse where and how it differs, depending on operating system. We also delve into design patterns, and whether or not Fishbrain’s mobile application complies with Google and Apple's respective design guidelines. Through our two chosen quantitative methods, survey and data analysis, we find that for certain key areas, a user’s chosen operating system has a significant impact on how and why the application is used. This essay shows that there are significant differences in the use of Fisbrain’s mobile application and that this depends both on how users of different operating systems behave, as well as design differences in how the mobile application is designed according to the respective design patterns of the operating systems.

D’origine anglo-saxonne, le lobbying, en tant que stratégie d’influence du décideur politique ou des politiques publiques est une pratique connue dans le monde entier. Le Burkina Faso, en Afrique de l’Ouest, ne fait pas exception à la règle. On observe en effet des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) utiliser les techniques du lobbying pour promouvoir des causes nobles, à savoir la bonne gouvernance socio-politique, la lutte contre la corruption, l’accès gratuit des personnes vivant avec le VIH aux médicaments essentiels génériques et la promotion de l’hygiène/assainissement aux populations rurales défavorisées. Mais comment les actions de communication sont-elles mises en place ? Et comment peut-on les observer et les analyser du point de vue des Sciences de l’information et de la Communication, en général, et de la Communication des organisations, en particulier ? Notre méthode d’investigation est qualitative et inscrite dans une approche constructiviste. Un guide d’entretien semi-directif nous a aidé à interroger quatre groupes d’ONG, chaque groupe étant composé de quatre structures, soit 16 entretiens au total conduits. L’analyse thématique appliquée au contenu des entretiens, confrontée à d’autres sources d’information comme les articles de presse, nous confirme plusieurs choses. D’une part, il apparaît que les médias sont utilisés comme médiateurs entre Organisations de la société civile – auxquelles les ONG sont rattachées – et groupe des gouvernants. D’autre part, l’étude révèle que la maîtrise de l’information est capitale dans l’exercice de l’influence politique et que la mise en réseau (ou la construction de relations) avec des alliés joue en faveur des structures engagées dans les actions. Ensuite, il ressort le fait que le pouvoir en place, qui n’est pas totalement démocratique, est sensible à la fois aux stratégies de négociation et de confrontation avec les opérateurs de la société civile. Enfin, notre travail laisse voir que les événements focalisant l’attention publique sont des accélérateurs des processus de régulation sociale et politique. / Lobbying, which originates from an anglo-saxon culture, is nowadays widely known as influential efforts oriented towards policy makers and public policies. Burkina Faso, in West Africa, does not depart from this general rule. In effect, one can observe Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) using lobbying techniques to promote great causes including, for instance, good governance in the social-political area, the fight against corruption, the free access to antiretroviral drugs to people living with HIV/AIDS, the promotion of hygiene and sanitation services to disadvantaged rural populations. But how exactly are communications actions put in place? And how can one observe and analyze them from the standpoint of the “Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication” (Public Relations) in general, and the organizational communication, in particular? Our investigation method is qualitative based and constructivist. A semi-structured interview guide has helped collect data from 4 groups of NGOs, each composed of 4 entities, which makes a total of 16 people interviewed. The thematic analysis of the content of all interviews, faced with other sources of information including the media clippings, gave us confirmation of many things. First, we learnt that the media are being used as mediators between Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) – to which NGOs are attached – and the governing body. Secondly, it appears that the control of information is critical to exerting political influence and that networking (or coalition building) with allied people or organizations is also instrumental. Another finding shows that the regime in place, which is not totally democratic, (at the time the study was performed), is open to both negotiation and confrontation strategies with CSOs. Lastly, our study shows that “focusing events” on public opinion are accelerators of social and political regulation process.

The rate at which the integration of distributed generation (DG) penetrates the public power supply has started to put various demands on the distribution system, since they are directly connected to the network. Distribution level protection is based on a time-overcurrent design. The design is to clear faults with as little impact and minimum time on the equipment and the customer. The increasing demands placed by grid services on the DGs, especially the PV types have a serious impact on the distribution system. For example, special protective devices are required to prevent the risk of danger in the event of mains interference. In this thesis, the main focus was on the contribution of fault currents to the distribution networks, and how the high penetration of DGs especially the renewable energy resources (R.E.S.) types affect the coordination of overcurrent (O.C.) protection. In view of the changes in the international regulations, the DGs are expected to stay connected and perform grid-related control functions, instead of shutting down at the first sign of a fault. This problem becomes more acute when the DGs stay connected during faults, known as voltage ride through (VRT). This thesis presented its findings on the impact of the DGs of various types of DGs (synchronous generator, asynchronous and power electronic) on the protection coordination by the high increase of fault currents, and the mitigation techniques of the impact of the inverter interfaced DGs (whose fault current contribution was not so high) on the overcurrent protection. The impact on system’s over-current protection coordination in such hybrid AC and DC microgrid, how the fault current changes by the high penetration of DGs in the hybrid microgrid and their effects on the protection over-current coordination were presented, as the name microgrid was adopted for networks having a point of common connection (PCC). The inverter interfaced-equipment were never in the conventional systems, the few that were there were all on the load side of the distribution system. The inverter interfacing DGs (PVs) and the synchronous types are the types of DGs that affect over-current protection of the distribution system and these were mitigated accordingly, considering the first few cycles of the fault events of the ride through capabilities. The analysis of the different penetration levels of the DGs in an existing 33kV in the Nigerian distribution network, (CocaCola-Challenge Industrial feeder) was thoroughly analysed, for less than 20%, more than 60% and 100% of the feeder load. Most of the DGs, presently existing in that network are the synchronous types, but they are only used as standby sources of power, and the renewables (RES) like the photovoltaics (PV), run of flow (RoF) Hydo and the wind turbine generators (WTG) are proposed additions. The objective of this thesis was to explain the fundamentals of distribution generation (DG) and especially the RES, in relation to distribution protection relay coordination to see why there should be urgency in carrying out the study especially in a developing environment where the grid is unstable, the load is rapidly expanding and RES is intermittent. The radial distribution system (DS) with high penetration of DG was introduced. The motive was to critically investigate protection coordination problems and the solutions to the problems. The main objective was to optimally recommend the type, size and location of the DG for an actual distribution feeder in an unstable environment where the grid supply is not steady. The effect of 100% and above of feeder load penetration on such feeders formed the objective of this research. The literature review which was for investigating in greater details the technical aspects of the operation and control of the high penetration of RES in the distribution system were thoroughly analysed. The review of the existing radial distribution protection system and the effects of high penetration of DG on the protective relaying were thoroughly investigated. The issues of power electronic based inverters and the protection coordination problems, were investigated. The protection coordination as regards to fault level changes and grounding, intentional and un-intentional islanding were major important aspects which were treated in the technical review.

This master´s thesis is focused on elaboration of business plan in all its complexity, resulting in setting up a company “Tempus”. Mentioned company will operate as medium for foreign personal or legal entities providing service of setting up a business on soil of Czech Republic for them. Service will be provided as complete bundle including all needed certifications and documentations. This way it will save clients time, expenses and effort.

Auf der Makroebene der Blogosphäre gibt es die sogenannten „A-Blogger“. Diese zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass ihr Weblog (Blog) im Gegensatz zur großen Mehrheit der Blogs über sehr viele Inlinks-verfügt. In der Literatur sind verschiedene theoretische Ansätze zu finden, die sich mit der Frage beschäftigen, welche Funktion den A-Bloggern in der Blogosphäre zukommt. So wird beispielsweise davon gesprochen, dass sie eine Agenda-Setting-Funktion für die Blogosphäre einnehmen. Das bedeutet, dass sie die in der Blogosphäre diskutierten Themen vorgeben und somit die anderen Blogs, die über deutlich weniger Links verfügen, in deren Themenwahl beeinflussen. Anhand eines Datensatzes (Burton, Java et al. 2009) soll überprüft werden, ob eine Agenda-Setting-Funktion der deutschen A-Blogger für die deutschsprachige Blogosphäre bestätigt werden kann. Als Methode wird die Hyperlinkanalyse eingesetzt.

With the beginning of the Internet era a lot of the traditional media characteristics along with the classic media theories changed. The foundations of this diploma thesis are built on the question whether the traditional media and the new media are constructing different media images. The topic is further analyzed in the chapters about the construction of reality, media convergence, agenda-setting theory or social network. The analytical parts studied the main sources - television and social network - on the example of the Czech presidential election in 2018. After the data were gathered there were stated thirteen topic clusters and each unit of the collected data was categorized into those. There was also categorization on sources and the amount of representation of every candidate. After analyzing these data a comparison was made and after that a conclusion whether there are any differences between traditional and new media.

What effect do global news agencies have on foreign sections of Czech daily newspapers; that's the focus of this master thesis. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces two before-mentioned concepts of intermedia agenda-setting and globalization of news. Other theoretical concepts like gatekeeping, news values or media routine are also briefly presented. So are profiles of selected media outlets are also presented. Next part of the thesis introduces the reader to methodology upon which the research is based. The research itself is divided into two parts. The first one is a quantitative content analysis of ČTK's foreign news agenda during the specified period. The same analysis was also carried out for selected Czech daily newspapers. The research focused on several variables - what media sources are being used, what topics do the articles cover or who are the actors mentioned in the articles. The second part of the research focused on whether and on what scale do daily papers use texts provided by ČTK and if they're being used without adjustments. Main findings of the research with commentary are presented in the conclusion section of this thesis.