This study set out to explore and describe adolescent learners’ experiences of HIV/AIDS programmes presented at their schools. The rationale was that an understanding of how learners experience HIV/AIDS programmes might afford insight into the ways in which adolescents manage HIV/AIDS-related issues every day. Subsequent understanding could perhaps contribute to the body of knowledge on HIV/AIDS education, and possibly inform future HIV/AIDS education curriculum development. The conceptual framework constituted the impact of HIV/AIDS on society, education and adolescents; theories on experiences and adolescent development; relevant Department of Education policies and curriculum plans; as well as national and international research concerning HIV/AIDS education programmes. A qualitative research approach was followed from an interpretivist epistemology, with sensitivity given to criteria of credibility, transferability and dependability. An instrumental case study was conducted at three secondary schools (cases), using focus groups and written essays as the methods for data collection from 90 diverse participants, Grade 11 learners. Responses were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed from a constructivist grounded theory perspective. Results were interpreted by means of literature control. Six prominent themes emerged. Learners experienced that they were changed positively by knowledge on HIV/AIDS. In this regard they were more open and motivated to communicate, their views and perceptions altered and they were motivated to behave responsibly. However, learners also experienced HIV/AIDS knowledge negatively. They felt bombarded with HIV/AIDS information and they experienced some HIV/AIDS information as upsetting. Learners’ experiences still reflected some stereotyping and persisting misconceptions. Learners associated poverty and lack of education with higher HIV infection rates, as well as a lack of support from parents and/or family. Learners’ experiences reflected that they would appreciate their parents’ participation in HIV/AIDS programmes. Learners voiced a need for improved communication with their parents regarding HIV/AIDS, and experienced their parents as ignorant, shy, stubborn or scared in this regard. Learners’ accounts reflected that parents’ initial negativity towards the programme later changed into positive support. The learners also had positive and negative experiences regarding their friends and the HIV/AIDS programmes. They expressed that their peer-relationships improved in terms of ability to communicate and render support. In addition they expressed that their friends still had a great influence in their lives. Some issues, such as risk behaviour and the HIV-status of their peers, shocked learners. The learners indicated that they thought HIV/AIDS education was necessary, but recommended certain amendments for future HIV/AIDS programmes. Their experiences suggested smaller gender-specific groups; an outsider-presenter; parent/caregiver involvement; variety in programme format; long-term HIV/AIDS education; HIV/AIDS care, support and treatment information in addition to that of prevention; addressing values and life skills content in HIV/AIDS education; as well as fear-provoking real-life contexts. Several recommendations were made in terms of HIV/AIDS education and programme development. Integration between HIV/AIDS education, life skills education and values education in the formal curriculum is supported by findings and recommended for curriculum development and educational practice. Correspondingly, it is recommended that multiple views on poverty be incorporated into HIV/AIDS education to address persisting stereotypes and misconceptions. Furthermore, cognisance of learners’ suggestions in terms of format and content regarding future HIV/AIDS programme development is recommended. Findings queried existing premises regarding adolescents and (ir-)responsibility in developmental theory, establishing a foundation for further research. Existing silences in the data relating to gender, orphans, violence, non-governmental organisations, condom-use in the context of HIV/AIDS also requires further research. Establishing that the use of open-ended methods with adolescents resulted in access to rich and descriptive data signified a methodological contribution. Theoretically this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge related to HIV/AIDS education by giving voice to adolescent learners’ experiences of HIV/AIDS programmes. Contributions in the realm of HIV/AIDS educational practice and curriculum development include learners’ views of what they found beneficial and lacking in existing programmes, as well as their recommendations regarding format and content for future HIV/AIDS programmes directed at adolescents. / Thesis (PhD (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-04-12T17:15:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 valdir_eneias_melo.pdf: 484562 bytes, checksum: 5b3e8e5390dab8ac8f980df98c3bb866 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-12T17:15:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 valdir_eneias_melo.pdf: 484562 bytes, checksum: 5b3e8e5390dab8ac8f980df98c3bb866 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-07 / The main objective of this research was to analyze the limits and advances of the Working Group on Sexuality Education - GTES, of the Municipal Education Network, Recife, about the issues of sexual and gender diversity, seeking to detect the influence of the religious perspectives of teachers in the implementation of actions from continuing training. The theme of sexuality education is part of the Education Policy of the Recife Municipal Network, which guides pedagogical approaches to issues involving sexuality and gender from Early Childhood Education to Youth, Adult and Elderly Education (EJAI). In order to guide the teachers of the municipal network about the importance, the need and the ways to address the respective issues, the GTES offers continuous training in the themes related to sexual and gender diversity. The study identifies that although the GTES has already had more than 20 years of activity, its institutionalization is recent through an Administrative Rule, and the group still faces structural difficulties - lack of specific materials and didactic resources, lack of government support, resistance of schools and teachers to insert pedagogical approaches to sexuality and its diversity within the classroom. Among the barriers faced for the effectiveness of the work guided by the GTES, the strong influence of the prejudice of teachers, who are largely influenced by their religious affiliations, stands out; in this case, the Evangelical religion evidenced that in the sample of 12 teachers, 3 are totally resistant to the theme even though they have had training in the GTES, and among the teachers who show flexibility and interest in discussing and working on the theme, there is a lack of religion and belonging to the Catholic and / or Spiritist religions. The prejudice, heteronormative culture as a standard and the lack of insertion of the themes in the school curriculum show that, in spite of the advances achieved, the GTES still has great challenges in order to promote formations that allow the disruption of teachers with the prejudice rooted in their cultures and religious influences. / O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi analisar os limites e avanços do Grupo de Trabalho de Educação em Sexualidade – GTES, da Rede Municipal de Ensino, do Recife, no tocante às questões da diversidade sexual e de gênero, buscando detectar a influência das perspectivas religiosas de docentes na implementação de ações oriundas das formações continuadas. A temática da educação em sexualidade integra a Política de Ensino da Rede Municipal do Recife, que orienta para abordagens pedagógicas das questões que envolvem a sexualidade e gênero desde a Educação Infantil até a Educação de Jovens, Adultos e Idosos – EJAI. Para orientar os professores e as professoras da rede municipal sobre a importância, necessidade e as formas de abordarem as respectivas questões, o GTES oferece formações continuadas nas temáticas referentes à diversidade sexual e de gênero. O estudo identifica que apesar de o GTES já contar com mais de 20 anos de atuação, é recente a sua institucionalização por meio de uma Portaria, e o grupo ainda enfrenta dificuldades estruturais – falta de materiais e recursos didáticos específicos, falta de apoio governamental, resistência das escolas e de docentes em inserir, pedagogicamente, as abordagens sobre sexualidade e suas diversidades dentro da sala de aula. Dentre as barreiras enfrentadas para a efetivação do trabalho orientado pelo GTES destaca-se a forte influência do preconceito de docentes, em grande parte influenciados e influenciadas por suas pertenças religiosas; nesse caso, a religião Evangélica evidenciou que na amostra de 12 docentes, 3 são totalmente resistentes ao tema mesmo tendo realizado formações no GTES, e dentre os e as docentes que mostram flexibilidade e interesse em discutir e trabalhar o tema se destacam a ausência de religião e a pertença às religiões Católica e/ou Espírita. O preconceito, a cultura heteronormativa como padrão e a falta de inserção das temáticas no currículo escolar evidenciam que, apesar dos avanços alcançados, o GTES ainda tem grandes desafios no sentido de promover formações que viabilizem o rompimento dos e das docentes com o preconceito enraizado por suas culturas e influências religiosas.

Eggplant Emoji is a documentary film that reveals a range of feminist perspectives on dick pics, sexting and online sexual harassment. Through intimate and hilarious interviews with women between the ages of 22 and 35, the film harnesses a collective voice that speaks back to the large and small ways patriarchy wields power in modern spaces, especially through sending unsolicited dick pics. By intertwining the testimonies of a dynamic group of female storytellers sitting amongst their close friends, the film provides candid and diverse commentary on this unique moment we are in, where the lines between private and public, online and offline are increasingly blurred. Until there are greater consequences, whether legal, social or otherwise, for men disrespecting women's choices and personal space, the domain of sexting is in a self-policing state and women are left to expend emotional labor to let men know why what they sent is unwanted or violating. Ultimately, the subjects' testimonials coalesce to provide suggestions for respectful, consensual sexting practices and fill in the gaps where sex education often neglects the importance of consent and communication altogether.

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Comment parler de sexualité à l’École ? Cette question controversée trouve une première réponse officielle en 1973, dans une circulaire du ministère de l’Éducation nationale intitulée « information et éducation sexuelles » : c'est le début de la politique d'éducation à la sexualité en milieu scolaire en France. Depuis, les réponses apportées à cette même question ont évolué et ont fait l'objet d'affrontements entre différents acteurs. Et si la ligne de front est mouvante, celle-ci se structure toujours autour d'un même enjeu : la définition du public et du privé en matière de sexualité. Cette thèse propose de s'intéresser à cette frontière qui structure la politique d’éducation à la sexualité des années 1970 à nos jours, au prisme de trois histoires qui se déroulent des bureaux du ministère jusque dans la salle de classe. La première intrigue est celle d'un « récit de guerre », où des troupes de volontaires se relaient depuis les années 1970 pour définir ce que l’École a le droit de dire ou non aux enfants. La seconde est une incursion au cœur des stratégies élaborées par les institutions étatiques pour rendre légitime le rôle de l’École dans l'éducation à la sexualité. Enfin, le troisième récit s'apparente à une pièce de théâtre parfois comique, parfois tragique, sans rideau rouge et devant le tableau noir de la salle de classe. / How to talk about sexuality at school ? This controversial question was first officially answered in 1973 in a circular from the Ministry of National Education entitled « Information and sexual education ». This was the beginning of the public policy of sex education in the French school environment. Since then, the answers to this same question have evolved and have been the subject of clashes betweendifferent actors. If the battle line has been shifting, there has been a core stake : the definition of public and private in terms of sexuality. This Ph.D proposes to focus on this boundary that structures sex education policy from the 1970s to the present day, through the lens of three stories that unfold from the ministry's offices to the classroom. The first plot is that of a "war story", where troops of volunteers have been taking turns since the 1970s to define what the School is allowed to say or not to say to children. The second is an incursion into the heart of the strategies developed by state institutions to legitimize the role of the school in sex education. In the end, the third story appears to be a theatreplay, sometimes comic, sometimes tragic. Yet it does not take place on a stage but in front of the blackboard.

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Introduktion: Den sexuella hälsan kan förslagsvis främjas genom insatser som en god sexualundervisning. Skolan har ingen kursplan i sexualitet, samtycke och relationer vilket medför att skillnaden på sexualundervisningen i Sveriges skolor är stor vilket kan leda till riskfyllda sexualvanor, fler partners och låg kondomanvändning.  Syfte: Det primära syftet var att undersöka hur människor upplever den nuvarande sexualundervisningen i skolan. Det sekundära syftet var att ta fram ett konkret material som skolväsendet kan använda för att kunna bedriva en hälsofrämjande sexualundervisning för barn och unga.  Metod: En empirisk kvantitativ enkätstudie har tillämpats. En webbenkät lades ut på Facebook och resultatet sammanställdes i Google Forms. Sen användes enkätresultaten från denna studie tillsammans med resultat från tidigare studier som har granskats i samband med detta arbete för att skriva en kursplan.  Resultat: 51 stycken respondenter svarade på enkäten i åldrarna 20-41 år. Majoriteten av respondenterna upplevde att de inte var nöjda med den sexualundervisning de har fått. Många av respondenterna uppgav att samtliga ämnen inte har tagits upp i tillräckligt stor utsträckning och många upplevde att de inte hade tillräckligt med information i dessa ämnen. 1 av 3 tyckte att undervisningen saknade en övergripande kvalitet och flertalet lyfte att de saknade en behörig lärare.  Diskussion: En möjlighet är att den sexuella hälsan blir lidande av den bristfälliga undervisningen i form av att eleverna missar tillfällen att utveckla empowerment och säkerhet kring sin sexualitet och identitet. En kursplan i sexualitet, samtycke och relationer kan skapa en ökad trygghet hos lärarna vilket också ökar kvaliteten på undervisningen. Ett förslag är att universitetsstudenter som har kompetens inom detta område, exempelvis studenter på sjuksköterskeprogrammet, hälsovägledarprogrammet eller andra studenter inom andra relevanta utbildningar, undervisar studenter på grundskolenivå som en del av båda parters utbildning. / Introduction: Sexual health can be promoted through initiatives such as good sex education. The school has no curriculum in sexuality, consent and relationships, which means that the difference in sexuality education in Sweden's schools is large, which can lead to risky sexual habits, more partners and low condom use. Purpose: The primary purpose was to investigate how people experience the current sex education in school. The secondary aim was to produce concrete material that the school system can use to be able to conduct health-promoting sex education for children and young people. Method: An empirical quantitative survey study has been applied. A web survey was posted on Facebook and the results were compiled in Google Forms. The survey results from this study were then used together with results from previous studies that have been reviewed in connection with this work to write a course plan. Results: 51 respondents answered the survey aged 20-41. The majority of respondents felt that they were not satisfied with the sex education they have received. Many of the respondents stated that all topics have not been covered to a sufficient extent and many felt that they did not have enough information on these topics. 1 in 3 thought that the teaching lacked an overall quality and the majority pointed out that they lacked a qualified teacher. Discussion: One possibility is that sexual health suffers from the inadequate teaching in the form of students missing opportunities to develop empowerment and security around their sexuality and identity. A curriculum in sexuality, consent and relationships can create increased security among teachers, which also increases the quality of teaching. One suggestion is that university students who have competence in this area, for example students in the nursing program, the health guidance program or other students in other relevant educations, teach students at primary school level as part of both parties' education.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det digitala inlärningsprogrammet Privatliv kan vara ett adekvat stöd för speciallärare i undervisning inom ämnesområdet sexualitet, samtycke och relationer i den anpassade grundskolan. Valet grundar sig i en avsaknad av anpassade läromedel som vänder sig till elever i anpassad grundskola. Undersökningen syftade till att synliggöra vilka normer läromedlet förmedlar, om alla delar i läroplansmålen för år 7–9 finns med, om det förmedlar ett riskperspektiv eller ett friskperspektiv gällande ämnesområdet samt hur läromedlet är anpassat för att möta elevers olika behov och förutsättningar. För att undersöka detta användes en kvalitativ metod med en socialkonstruktivistisk ansats. Inspirerad av den kritiska diskursanalysen har vi genomfört en läromedelsanalys för att komma åt det mer implicita innehållet. Resultat som framkommit visar att Privatliv kan vara ett adekvat stöd i undervisning, men däremot behöver några delar tillföras för att kunna innehålla alla läroplansmål. Några delar från läroplansmålen saknas och vissa delar anser vi kräver lite mer fördjupad kunskap kring. Anpassningar finns men programmet skulle nå fler elever och vara ett fördelaktigare stöd för undervisande speciallärare om innehållet skulle anpassas ytterligare. Privatliv förmedlar i överlag ett friskperspektiv. Läromedlet avviker från heteronormen genom att belysa homosexualitet och bisexualitet och en HBTQ-norm är framträdande. En slutsats i studien visar hur viktigt det är att granska läromedel, men även betydelsen av kompetent personal som ska undervisa eleverna med hjälp av läromedlet.

This study investigated whether girls achieve better results in Physical Science in single sex environments or in co-educational classes. Thirteen independent South African schools where children were of similar socio-economic background were considered. Grade 12 Matriculation Physical Science examination results for 1999 to 2003 were analysed using Bonferroni (Dunn) t-Tests and Scheffe's Tests. Questionnaires were completed by a small number of students in order to compare their attitudes towards Physical Science and examined qualitatively. There were significant differences found by the administration of the Bonferroni (Dunn) t-Tests and Scheffe's Tests in 2000, 2001 and 2002 to indicate that girls in single sex schools achieved better results in Science than the co-educational schools. However, in 1999 and 2003 there was no significant difference in the results achieved, and so there may be other factors that are more important predictors of achievement than whether the schools are mixed or single sex. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Natural Science Teaching)