The aim of this study is to through six interviews, with six experienced, social workers’, in three cities, understand how the child’s position in the Swedish child protective services’ enquiries has change, and the factors behind it. The aim is also to compare if the social workers’ view of the child’s position in the enquire has change accordingly to Socialstyrelsens intentions of BBIC. The theoretical approaches that was used is the new institutionalism, the Shier’s pathways to participation and the term discretion. The results of the study shows that through the perspective of social workers, the factors that helped the child’s position to improve are the new organization of working patterns and the new documentation system, the new mindset of the social workers’ and the way the social workers’ talk to the children. The study also shows that through the child’s position in child protective enquiries has improved accordingly to Socialstyrelsens intentions of BBIC.

Förskollärare har ett särskilt ansvar för att barn ska få inflytande i förskolan. Syftet med studien är att belysa förskollärares uppfattningar och erfarenheter avseende ansvaret för de yngsta barnens möjligheter till inflytande i förskolan. Metoden som användes för att samla in empirin var semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta förskollärare. Shiers (2010) delaktighetsmodell har synliggjort i vilken omfattning barnens inflytande kan förstås i relation till modellens fem nivåer. Resultatet är indelat i följande kategorier: 1) vikten av att se barns alla kommunikationsuttryck för att möjliggöra inflytande, 2) betydelsen av barns intressen för att möjliggöra inflytande, 3) barns personligheter och behov påverkar möjligheten att utöva inflytande och 4) begränsningar av barns inflytande. Det framkommer i resultatet att förskollärarna uppfattade vikten av att tillvara ta barnens intressen i utformningen av lärmiljön och i planering av undervisning för att möjliggöra barns inflytande. Förskollärarna uppfattade även att det är betydelsefullt att uppmärksamma barns alla kommunikationsuttryck, för att skapa förutsättningar till deras inflytande. Förskolans rutiner, barngruppens storlek och vad förskollärare anser vara barnets bästa, uppfattar förskollärarna som begränsningar av de enskilda barnens inflytande. Förskollärarna beskrev utifrån sina erfarenheter att barns varierande förutsättningar, liksom behov och personligheter, påverkar deras möjlighet till inflytande i förskolan. För att främja alla barns möjlighet till inflytande uppfattade förskollärarna gruppindelning som en givande pedagogisk metod. / Preschool teachers have a special responsibility to enable children's influence in preschool. The purpose of this study was to clarify preschool teachers perceptions and experiences regarding their task to ensure the youngest children's opportunities for influence in preschool. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather the empirical material Shiers (2010) model, pathways to participation, was used analyzed the extent of children's influence on the preschool activities. The results are divided into the following categories: 1) The importance of seeing all forms of communication that children express, 2) recognition of children's different interests are important for enabling influence, 3) the variation in personality and children's different abilities to exercise influence and 4) restriction of children's opportunity for influence. The result clarifies that preschool teachers experience of planning and designing the education and environment through children's interests is a way to enable children's influence. The preschool teachers also explain the importance of all children's communication expressions, because it creates opportunities for children to influence. According to preschool teachers, children's influence is limited by preschools routines, the largess of the children's group and what the preschool teachers consider to be the child's best interests. The preschool teachers experience is that children’s needs and personalities, affect their ability to influence in preschool. To promote that all children have opportunities to influence, the preschool teachers experiences is that group dividing is a rewarding pedagogical method.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how children who have been exposed to violence between their parents are involved in the social workers investigation process. For this study the empirical material has been collected through six qualitative and semi-structured interviews with social workers who are working with child protection cases. Through the study we explore social workers' descriptions of the children's involvement, and what factors they emphasize as limiting and enabling for the children's participation in the investigation process. By an analysis with the help of The Lundy model and Shier’s model of participation, we found out that children's age and maturity are a recurring pattern in terms of the extent to which children become involved and how their opinions are taken into account in the investigation process. The interviewees emphasize that there are different ways to involve the children based on children's different conditions, for example through observations and conversation methods. There are no one-sided explanations of how children exposed to violence were involved in social workers' investigation processes, but participation was influenced by a number of factors. The factors that the interviewees describe as limiting and enabling are structures in the organization, laws and methods, and parents.

The aim of this study is to examine how social workers within the child protective services define children’s participation and what the strategies are to achieve it. Our method was to interview six social workers about their experiences of their pursuit to make children participate during a child protection investigation. The theoretical framework we used to analyze our results was Shier’s pathways to participation. This model is based on five levels of participation, which has different degrees of participation for children. The main finding of this study was that the social workers define children participation as that they should be listen to, be informed and have the ability to choose in what way they participate. Furthermore, we can see from the social workers descriptions about their strategies and the structure of the organisation that they live up to parts of Shier’s criterias for level one, two and tree. Our results both confirm and contrast international and national studies in this field of research.

Previous research shows that people with severe disabilities often are neglected in the work of enhancing user participation. It is shown that even though professionals increase the possibility for user participation in their work, it is not necessary that the users receive it. This study aims to show how professionals working for people with disabilities applies user participation in their everyday work. We used a qualitative exploratory method and interviewed ten social workers within service administration and supportive housing, located at three different municipalities in the region of Stockholm. Using Shier’s participation model in combination with theory of recognition we got similar results as previous research. The social workers have a great intention in enhancing user’s participation in their work, though organizational structures stand in their way. That drives them to use what is known as “silent knowledge”, a combination of their personality, previous experience and their ingenuity.

The purpose of this study is to examine how social workers work in order to enable children and young people's participation during a child protection investigation and how they experience the Convention on the Rights of the Child have changed the conditions of their work. To address the aim of the study, we have interviewed five social workers who work with children and young people at the social services office in four different municipalities in Stockholm county. To analyze the empirical data, we have used two theoretical frameworks; Shier’s Pathways to Participation and New Institutional Theory of Organizations. The results of this study indicate that social workers find it hard to define children and young people's participation, which leads to different ways of working. There are obstacles such as a parental focus and organizational conditions, such as time constraints, workload and budget cuts, which complicate social workers' work with children and young people's participation. Furthermore, we find that the Convention on the Right of the Child as a law has not had a major impact on social workers' practical work with children and young people's participation in child protection investigations.

The study examines the perception of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, children's participation and the accessibility for children, within public archival institutions. The notion of participation is linked to the Convention’s Article 12: respect for the views of the child, whilst accessibility is associated with Article 31: the right to leisure, play and culture. Furthermore, the study explores the preconditions for children’s participation in accordance with Harry Shier's model Pathways to participation.  The method used are web-based surveys. A total of 318 Swedish public archival institutions were invited to participate in two online questionnaires which generated 187 and 153 responses respectively. The study shows that 78 percent of the respondents know that the Convention on the Rights of the Child is Swedish law and 90 percent are aware of the obligation to impose it. Nevertheless, only 43 percent believe that their own institution takes the Convention into account. The respondents report a lack of resources and competence as the main obstacles.  About 65 percent of the respondents state that their institution welcome children and young people as visitors. 85 percent believe that it is important that Swedish archive institutions and archives are accessible, but only 27 percent feel that their own institution is in fact accessible to children and young people. Many respondents cite a lack of resources as the main reason. The part of the survey that is based on Harry Shier's participation model shows that the preconditions for children's participation in the activities of the public archives are low. But it is also clear that the respondents' personal inclinations for children's participation exceeds the preconditions and requirements of the institution. The major obstacles to children's participation thus seem to exist at a structural level. / Uppsatsen syftar till att kartlägga inställningen till barnkonventionen, barns delaktighet och arkivens tillgänglighet för barn inom svenska offentliga arkivinstitutioner. Tillgänglighet och delaktighet kopplas till barnkonventionens artikel 12 – respekt för barns åsikter och artikel 31 – rätt till fritid, lek och kultur. Studien undersöker också förutsättningar för delaktighet utifrån Harry Shiers delaktighetsmodell Pathways to participation.  Svaren har inhämtats genom två webbaserade enkätundersökningar. Studien visar att 78 procent av respondenterna känner till att barnkonventionen är svensk lag och 90 procent att det ingår i deras uppdrag att följa den. Men bara 43 procent anser att den egna arbetsplatsen tar hänsyn till barnkonventionen och det största hindret uppges vara bristande resurser och kompetens. 65 procent uppger att de tar emot besök av barn och ungdomar. 85 procent anser att det är viktigt att svenska arkivinstitutioner och arkiv är tillgängliga för barn, men bara 27 procent upplever att det egna arkivet är tillgängligt för barn. Även här uppger många bristande resurser som främsta orsak.   Den del av undersökningen som är baserad på Harry Shiers delaktighetsmodell visar att förutsättningarna för barns delaktighet i de offentliga arkivens verksamhet är låg. Men det är också tydligt att respondenternas personliga vilja och intresse överstiger arbetsplatsens organisatoriska förutsättningar och krav för barns delaktighet. De främsta hindren för barns delaktighet verkar således finnas på en strukturell nivå.