Orientador: Fernando Antonio Lourenço / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T01:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vicente_RobertoRavena_M.pdf: 1040477 bytes, checksum: 8cf202f799d495de9fb48fa153e511ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa analisa determinadas políticas governamentais que, no processo de desagregação da ordem escravocrata no Brasil, visavam promover a emancipação gradual da população cativa. A emancipação de africanos livres, ainda na década de 1860, as alforrias indenizadas, a partir da década de 1870, e a libertação dos sexagenários, em 1885, servem aqui como referência para a compreensão da atuação do Estado - na figura de seu corpo burocrático emergente - no que dizia respeito à "questão servil". A partir da análise dos trabalhos das Juntas de Classificação de Escravos e da aplicação do Fundo de Emancipação de Escravos (especificamente na Província de São Paulo), é possível também perceber certas tensões que surgiam entre a dinâmica de relações pessoais locais e a ordem de relações jurídico-legais que custosamente se fazia implementar. As próprias possibilidades discursivas aparentes nas fontes analisadas permitem, por um lado, vislumbrar os limites de plausibilidade e legitimidade que orientavam o sentido da ação daqueles indivíduos (escravos, libertos, senhores, juízes, oficiais), e, por outro, reconhecer as ambigüidades e tensões que a todo momento punham em questão as categorias identitárias e sua legitimidade - ambigüidades e tensões que, de certa forma, marcam a própria figura do liberto. Embora proporcionalmente pouco representativas, essas ações abriram espaços legítimos de embate entre escravos, senhores e o próprio Estado, a partir dos quais a estrutura de relações sociais se reproduzia mas também era transformada / Abstract: This research analyzes certain Brazilian State policies that aimed at gradually emancipating the slave population during the process of disintegration of the slavery order in Brazil. The emancipation of free Africans, as early as in the 1860 decade, the refunded manumission from 1871 onward, and the manumission of sexagenaries in 1885 are references to understand the role of the State, represented by the emerging bureaucratic body, on the slavery issue. Based on analyses of reports issued by Slave Classification Committees and by the Slave Emancipation Fund, particularly in the São Paulo Province, it is possible to notice the evolving strain among interpersonal relations and the painful slowly-imposing legal-judicial order. Even the phrasing peculiarities of those written records provide clues, on the one hand, to the plausibleness and legitimacy that guided the sense of action of those individuals ¿ slaves, freed slaves, masters, justice officials, and judges ¿ and on the other hand, to the ambiguities and tensions that stained the freed slaves¿ life itself. Although proportionally less effective, those actions opened legitimate fields of struggle between slaves and masters, and between the State and them, reproducing social relation structures, also by means of their re-creation / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

L’historiographie antillaise n’a donné jusqu’ici qu’une vision tronquée de la société martiniquaise. L’appréhension de l’ère coloniale s’est très tôt autocentrée sur l’économie plantationnaire sucrière à moteur externe, mais cette dernière n’a guère occupée plus de la moitié de la population de l’île au XVIIIe et dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Pour une grande majorité, la masse laborieuse libre ou esclave se répartit entre les villes et les exploitations de type « secondaire ». A mesure de l’appréhension de l’univers caféier, un monde à part se profile dessinant une nouvelle catégorie sociale divergente de l’élite sucrière qui apparaissait jusqu’ici comme le modèle représentatif de la population blanche propriétaire terrienne. Une catégorie intermédiaire est mise en place mettant en relief un groupe caféier économiquement faible au mode de vie difficile, présentant des comportements matrimoniaux endogames aussi bien spatialement que socialement. Cette analyse révèle un corps social pluriel dans lequel les femmes, les libres de couleur, et avec l’abolition de l’esclavage les nouveaux libres tiennent une place de choix. Ce travail a l’avantage de combler un important vide historiographique en matière d’histoire sociale de la Martinique, ainsi que de renouveler le concept de société d’habitation à travers la mise en perspective d’une catégorie sociale jusque-là restée inaperçue. / The historiography of the Antilles to date has yielded only a limited vision of society in Martinique. The scientific works of the Colonial Era were egocentrically focused on the economy of sugar plantations, but this only covered a little over half of the population of the island in the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century. The other half of the working population, whether they were free or slaves, was divided between cities and secondary enterprises. As the coffee industry took root, a separate world emerged, diverging from the elite sugar plantation owners that represented the land-owning white population. This parallel society of economically disadvantaged small farmers and coffee growers, living a hard-working, difficult lifestyle, exhibited endogamous marriage behavior. This analysis highlights a multi-faceted social body in which women, free people of color, and, with the abolition of slavery, the new free hold a special role. On the other side of the barrier, the slaves also have a unique profile, they operate in small plantations on which opportunities for advancement are greater than in the large sugarcane plantations. This work fills an important gap in the social history of Martinique, as it reexamines the perception of the elite sugar plantation society via the perspective of a social class hitherto unnoticed.

Le but de ce travail est d’étudier une composante de la société de l’Afrique romaine, constituée par les allogènes originaires de la partie orientale de l’Empire. Le cadre de cette étude est le Haut-Empire romain, car l’essentiel de la documentation dont on dispose date de cette époque. L’épigraphie est la principale documentation. Avant de passer à l’étude de ce sujet, il était essentiel de déterminer les clés de sélection qui ont aidé à fixer l’origine de ces allogènes et à dégager le corpus des 260 notices épigraphiques qui constituent le support de ce travail. Le principal outil pris en considération est l’onomastique, tout en tenant compte du caractère parfois imprécis de cet indice. Ensuite, plusieurs aspects de la présence de ces Orientaux étaient étudiés. En premier lieu l’aspect démographique ainsi que la répartition sur le sol africain. Le second aspect est le volet social. Il a pour but d’étudier les diverses caractéristiques de la présence de cette communauté d’Orientaux. D’abord, la nature des activités qu’ils pratiquaient. Si le métier des armes était leur vocation majeure, ils exerçaient néanmoins plusieurs autres activités. L’étude de leur vie religieuse a montré qu’ils sont restés majoritairement fidèles aux cultes de leurs pays. L’onomastique ou encore les pratiques matrimoniales ont été des indices qui ont servi à étudier la nature des contacts qu’ils ont eu avec les Afro-romains et à évaluer leur intégration dans la société d’accueil. En dernier lieu, une partie du travail a été consacrée à l’étude du phénomène culturel qu’est l’hellénisme et du rôle que ces Orientaux ont joué dans la promotion de ce genre de culture. / The aim of the present work is to study a component of the Roman African society: the one constituted by the aliens originating from the Eastern part of the Roman Empire. The study is framed within the Early Roman Empire, as most of the documentation available dates back to that period. Epigraphy is the primary documentation for this work. Before turning to the study of this subject, it was essential to identify selection keys that helped fix the origin of these non-natives and come up with the body of 260 epigraphic records that constitute the corpus of this work. The main tool taken into consideration is onomastic, notwithstanding the vagueness sometimes inherent in this index. Thereafter, light was shed on the many aspects of the presence of these Orientals. First, the demographic layer: figuring, motives, conditions and structures of departure and the distribution on the African soil. The second layer concerns the social aspect. It aims to explore the various features of the presence of the Oriental community in Roman Africa. First, the nature of the activities they exercised. If the job of arms was their main vocation, they still exercised several other activities. The study of their religious life showed that they remained largely faithful to the worship practices of their home countries. Onomastic and also marriage practices were clues that were used to study the nature of the contacts they had with Africans and evaluate their integration within the host society. The last part of the work was devoted to the study of the cultural phenomenon of Hellenism and the role that these Orientals played in promoting this kind of culture in a predominantly Latin province.

Orientador: Robert Wayne Andrew Slenes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T11:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_JoiceFernandadeSouza_M.pdf: 2473436 bytes, checksum: 03e5d7b025649c7ca47c30e4a4507192 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A pesquisa ora apresentada investiga a experiência de escravos comercializados para Campinas, no período de 1850-1888. Nesse estudo, as principais questões analisadas se referem às relações familiares, às relações de trabalho, à distribuição de ocupações especializadas, às incidências de fuga e às possibilidades de alforria. Para alcançar este objetivo, realizamos micro histórias de três comunidades escravas, utilizando o método de ligação nominativa de fontes para seguir pessoas no tempo e entre séries documentais diferentes. As três escravarias campineiras escolhidas se diferem a partir de seu histórico (se antigas ou de formação recente) e da "velocidade" de sua aquisição de novos cativos (lenta ou rápida) no comércio interno. Nesses cenários investigamos a comunidade escrava em sua totalidade, comparando a experiência de escravos residentes de longa com a vivência dos forasteiros. A partir desse trabalho observamos alguns traços comuns na trajetória dos forasteiros no novo cativeiro, mas principalmente, constatamos a heterogeneidade da experiência daqueles deslocados pelo comércio interno / Abstract: The research presented investigates the experience of bondspeople brought to the city of Campinas - a plantation center in the "historical West" of São Paulo - through the internal trade in slaves that grew rapidly after the end of the traffic in Africans (1850) and reached its height in the 1870s. My story finishes in 1888, the year of abolition. I focus my research on various aspects of slave experience - family relationships (especially marriage and baptism), labor relations, the distribution of specialized occupations, the incidence of flight and possibilities of manumissions - always contrasting the experiences of the descendants of the Africans "founders" of the slave quarters in the first half of the century, with the new "outsiders" post-1850. I construct "micro-histories" - of a small numbers of properties (three, ranging from old to "newly established"), using the method of nominative record-linkage to follow people over time and beteween different documentary series. From this work, I identify some common aspects in the trajectory of outsiders in the new captive, but mainly I apprehend the heterogeneity of experience of those displaced by the internal trade / Mestrado / Historia Social / Mestra em História

A presente dissertação é uma reflexão sobre como o sociólogo pernambucano Gilberto Freyre (1900-1987) construiu o conceito de região Nordeste através de práticas culturais de herança escrava africana, dentro do que o autor chama de miscigenação equilibrada. Utilizou-se um corpus de quatro obras: Nordeste (1937), Manifesto regionalista (1952), Região e tradição (1968b) e Casa-grande &senzala (2006). Para isso, através de uma metodologia interpretativa, buscou-se analisar as influências das correntes deterministas da Europa do século XIX em intelectuais brasileiros que antecederam Freyre nas discussões raciais do Brasil. Eles são Franklin Távora, Silvio Romero e Raimundo Nina Rodrigues. Da mesma forma, tentou-se compreender os alcances das ideias do professor alemão Franz Boas no sociólogo. Empregou-se também a metodologia empírica de análise histórico documental, por meio de seleção de documentos históricos referentes ao Movimento Regionalista Nordestino e aos quatro Congressos Afro-Brasileiros do Nordeste. Os respectivos documentos foram encontrados nas Fundações Gilberto Freyre e Joaquim Nabuco, na cidade de Recife, em Pernambuco. Esta pesquisa abarca conceitos como região, regionalismo, cultura e raça, e, por isso, procuraram-se aportes teóricos em cientistas sociais, antropólogos, históricos e críticos literários. Dentre eles, apontam-se Pierre Bourdieu (2003), Norbert Elias (1994), Franz Boas (2005), Durval Muniz de Albuquerque Júnior (2011), José Aderaldo Castelo (1961), Neoraldo Pontes de Azevêdo (1984), Lilia Moritz Schwarcz (1993), Renato Ortiz (1985), Roberto Ventura (1991), entre outros. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES. / This research analyzes how Brazilian Sociologist Gilberto Freyre(1900-1987) defines the concept of Brazilian Northeast through cultural practices of the African slave inheritage, considering a concept he created, balanced miscegenation. The research corpus consists in four publications: Nordeste (1937), Manifesto regionalista (1952),Região e tradição (1968b) and Casa-grande & senzala (2006). By applying hermeneutic methodology, the influences of deterministic currents of the nineteenth century in Europe are compared to the productions of Brazilian intellectuals, which led Freyre to focus on racial discussions in Brazil. These intellectuals are Franklin Távora, Silvio Romero and Raimundo Nina Rodrigues. Similarly the scope of the German teacher Franz Boas are considered as influences for Freyre’s productions. The empirical methodology of documentary historical analysis is also applied, by selecting historical documents related to the Regionalist Movement of Brazilian Northeast and the four African-Brazilian Northeast Congresses. The relevant documents were found in the Gilberto Freyre and Joaquim Nabuco foundations, in Recife – Pernambuco, Brazil. This research includes concepts such as region, regionalism, culture and race, and therefore uses theoretical contributions from Social Scientists, Anthropologists, Historians and Literary Critics. Amongthem are Pierre Bourdieu (2003), Norbert Elias (1994), Franz Boas (2005), Durval Muniz de Albuquerque Júnior (2011), José Aderaldo Castelo (1961), Neoraldo Pontes de Azevêdo (1984), Lilia Moritz Schwarcz (1993), Renato Ortiz (1985), Roberto Ventura (1991), and others.

John Hawkins' three voyages to Guinea were anomalous in respect of the first eight decades of English commercial voyaging to Guinea (1550s-1630s), in that they were slaving voyages and hence proceeded to America. His third voyage of 1567-1569 was the most ambitious and, partly because it ended in disaster, the best recorded. This edition analyses the Guinea section of the voyage by drawing on English, Portuguese and Spanish sources. Two notable features are an attack on a Portuguese shipping base in River Cacheu, an episode concealed in the account published at the time, and the mercenary assistance lent to one side in an African civil war in Sierra Leone. The evidence for each Guinea episode, much of it previously unpublished, is presented with a commentary.

Research on Roman slavery has mainly been focued on questions of market economy since the beginning of the twentieth century. With the interest in the treatment of slaves and their experience of slavery, the master-slave relationship has been the object of increased interests, until recent exploration of the influence of freed slaves' culture on traditional practices. this thesis tries to assess the construction of parallel value systems among slaves and freedmen, which not only contrasted worldviews in free society but often reshaped them. Instrumentalization of the emotional concepts of honour and dishonour in the context of the family and in funerary commemoration are central to such assessment. / Forskningen om romerskt slaveri har främst varit fokuserad på frågor om marknadsekonomi sedan 1900-talets början. Genom intresset för behandlingen av slavar och deras upplevelse, har relationen mellan ägare och slavar varit objekt av växande intresse, fram till nutida forskning rörande frigivna slavars kulturella influens på traditionell praxis. Denna uppsats försöker förklara konstruktionen av parallela värdesystem bland slavar och frigivna, som inte bara kontrasterade med det fria samhällets världsbilder, utan reformerade dem. Instrumentaliseringen av de emotionella koncepten ära och vanära, kontextualiserad inom familjen och begravsningminnen är centrala för en sådan slutsats.

Depuis les années 1960, l’histoire de l’esclavage et celle des Révolutions atlantiques se sont taillé une place de conséquence sur la scène historiographique. Ces développements ont eu un effet bénéfique sur la représentation des populations d’origine africaine dans la littérature historique, contribuant notamment à remettre sur la carte la Révolution haïtienne à partir des années 1990-2000. Ce mémoire a pour objet de se pencher sur un certain nombre de travaux sur les différentes révolutions des Amériques, soit l’américaine, l’haïtienne et les sud-américaines, afin d’étudier la place changeante que les historien.ne.s accordent à l’agentivité des Noir.e.s surtout esclaves. Le premier chapitre suit l’évolution de cette historiographie à travers une étude sérielle de la bibliographie mobilisée par Aline Helg dans Plus jamais esclaves!, avant d’aborder les ouvrages pionniers d’Anna Julia Cooper et de C.L.R. James et une sorte de préhistoire de la notion de révolution atlantique. Le second chapitre s’intéresse quant à lui à une sélection de recherches ciblant individuellement les différentes révolutions des Amériques pour y observer le traitement du rôle des esclaves. Le dernier porte pour sa part sur le traitement de l’agentivité des esclaves dans quatre ouvrages de synthèse publiés entre 1988 et 2016 et accordant une place plus ou moins large aux différentes révolutions américaines. / Since the 1960s, the history of slavery and that of the Atlantic Revolutions have carved out a significant place in the historiography. These developments have had a beneficial effect on the representation of populations of African origin in the historical literature, contributing in particular to putting the Haitian Revolution back on the map in the 1990s and 2000s. The purpose of this thesis is to examine a few works on the various revolutions of the Americas, namely the American, the Haitian and the South American, in order to study the changing importance that historians attribute to the agency of black people, and principally to slaves. The first chapter follows the evolution of this historiography by submitting to serial analysis the bibliography assembled by Aline Helg in Slaves No More!, before examining the pioneering works of Anna Julia Cooper and C.L.R. James and a sort of prehistory of the notion of the Atlantic revolution. The second chapter focuses on a selection of work individually targeting the different revolutions of the Americas, in order to observe the treatment of slaves’ roles. The last deals with the treatment of the agency of slaves in four surveys published between 1988 and 2016 covering summarily or in detail the various American revolutions.

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