Den här avhandlingen handlar om kvinnors företagande i en profession stadd i förändring. Flera professioner i Sverige, men också internationellt, präglas av en ökad andel kvinnor men även av de strukturella omvandlingar som under 1900-talet lett från ett industri- till ett tjänstesamhälle. Ett ökat småföretagande är en annan förändring som uppkommit under senare år. I föreliggande studie beskrivs och analyseras kvinnors företagande inom en profession utifrån vad som sker i skärningspunkten mellan företagande, profession och genus. Ett tydligt exempel i Sverige på en profession stadd i förändring är veterinärprofessionen som de senaste 50 åren genomgått en rad förändringar. Den teoretiska referensramen består av en kombination av teorier om småföretagande, profession och genus. Det empiriska materialet består av intervjuer med samtliga veterinärer som är företagare och kvinnor i Östergötland. I avhandlingen myntas begreppet professionsföretagare med avsikt att synliggöra samspelet mellan företagande och profession. Studiens resultat visar att professionen i många fall prioriteras framför företagandet. Professionsföretagarna gör genus på skilda sätt i olika dimensioner och på olika nivåer. Det är stabilitet i hur genus görs på generell nivå medan genus på specifik nivå görs på ett sätt som i vissa dimensioner utmanar genussystemet. Även om stabilitet är dominerande visar studien exempel på att professionsföretagande skapar förutsättningar för vissa glipor i genussystemets mönster. / This thesis is about women’s business ownership within a profession in a state of flux. Several professions in Sweden but also internationally are characterized by an increased proportion of women and structural transformations during the 1900s. An increase in businesses is another change that occurred in recent years. The study describes and analyzes women’s business ownership within a profession and a particular focus is placed on the intersection between business ownership, profession and gender. An example of a profession in a state of change in Sweden is the veterinary profession, which for the past 50 years have undergone a series of changes. A theoretical combination of small business ownership, profession and gender is used. The empirical material consists of interviews with all women who are business owners and veterinarians in Östergötland County. As a result of the study I coin the term profeneurs with the intention of making visible the interplay between business ownership and profession. The results of the study show that the profession is in many cases given priority over business ownership. Furthermore, the study shows that the profeneurs do gender at different levels and in different dimensions in relation to the profession. There is stability in how gender is done at a general level, while there are opportunities for change in how gender is done at a specific level. Even if stability dominates, business format provides opportunities to create some gaps in the pattern of the gender system.

Avhandlingen tar sin empiriska utgångspunkt i konkurrensutsättningen av den offentliga sektorns verksamheter. Förväntningarna har varit stora från politiker, tjänstemän och vissa forskare att denna omvandling skulle leda till ökat företagande, framförallt bland kvinnor. Syftet med avhandlingen är att förstå och förklara hur och varför kvinnors företagande förändras i spåren av den offentliga sektorns omvandling – vad begränsar och möjliggör. Avhandlingen innehåller fyra sammanhängande artiklar och en kappa. Studierna genomfördes med kvantitativa longitudinella data över åren 1993–2010. I artiklarna eftersöks vad som begränsar och möjliggör en förändring av kvinnors företagande. Det sker via studier i näringsgrenar och regioner där kvinnor dominerar småföretagandet som mest. Det visar sig att på aggregerad nivå har kvinnors företagande ökat i antal. En analys på detaljerad näringsgrensnivå synliggör dock att kvinnors andel bland företagarna endast ökat i 6 av 16 näringsgrenar och att kvinnors underrepresentation ökat signifikant i 10. Analysen påvisar kontextens och strukturella villkors betydelse för kvinnors företagande. Småföretagares relativa position förändras gynnsamt där det redan finns små privata företag och på de nya offentliga marknaderna reproduceras en stordriftsnorm. Studien stärker teorin om ett genussystem och synliggör dess inbäddning i företagandet. Det övergripande resultatet är att trots förändrade formella strukturer återskapas kvinnors underrepresentation i företagandet, vilket förstås med utgångspunkt i genusteoretiska resonemang. / The dissertation takes its empirical backdrop in the competition of the Public Sector activities. There have been great expectations on the part of politicians and some researchers that this restructuring would enhance small-business ownership, and, specifically, women’s small-business ownership. The aim of the quantitative longitudinal study is to understand and explain how and why women’s smallbusiness ownership has changed in the wake of the Public Sector’s transformation, and what constrains and enables this. The dissertation comprises an introductory summary chapter based on four independent papers. The articles search for what constrains and enables the change in women’s smallbusiness ownership through studies in industries, regions and where women dominate small-businesses the most. The study shows that the underrepresentation of women as small-business owners has decreased in 10 out of 16 industries. The analysis shows the importance of taking contextual and structural conditions into account when studying women’s small-business ownership. The small-business owners’ relative position changes positively where a private smallbusiness market already exists. The results indicate a norm of scale production in the new Public markets. The studies reinforce the theory that a gender system is reproduced in the small-business context.

Scania is a leading European developer and manufacturer of trucks, buses and engines, based in Södertälje in Sweden. From traditionally having been focused on offering their customer high quality products, Scania is now moving towards becoming a solution provider. This requires a combination of products and services and a deeper understanding of their customers’ business. Hauliers are one of Scania’s most important customer segments. In order to improve its solution offer, Scania wants to gain a deeper understanding about how hauliers develop. Recent studies at Scania have shown deficiencies in knowledge about haulier development. To fill this gap, this master’s thesis was initiated with the purpose of "gaining insight into haulier development and listing implications for Scania‟s business and service development". The aim of the study was to identify drivers, challenges and other important factors for growing hauliers. This result was then used to understand how Scania can contribute to its haulier customers’ growth by offering services. Seven hauliers were selected based on a number of criteria and studied closely. The results showed a gap between the services offered by Scania today and the services suggested after analyses. Particularly, it indicated that non vehicle related services could help hauliers make crucial steps in their development. Scania is advised to further deepen its understanding about haulier development. By doing this, Scania would take an important step into becoming the solution provider it aims to be.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate dominant beliefs and approaches to the "cultural entrepreneur" both within a public context, and also among business owners within the cultural field. What happens when ideas and attitudes in the public sector towards culture driven businesses meets the perspective of individual cultural entrepreneurs? This study is based on analysis of political documents about the cultural and creative industries (CCI) from the European union, national level and regional level. Interviews with six business owners in the field of culture and one representative of the Swedish region with the fictive name “Alma” has been conducted. The research is also based on participant observation in public seminars and conferences about the creative industries in Sweden. The paper mainly uses Queer phenomenological theory (Sara Ahmed) to analyze the informants life worlds and how they are oriented in the same. The study is also based on poststructuralist discourse analysis and the logics approach, developed by Jason Glynos and David Howarth when analyzing political documents. This research shows there is a complex and contradictory approach towards the CCI and the cultural entrepreneur based on idealized images about the artist and the businessman, idealized images thats been existing in the discourses over a long time and which created deep structures. The cultural entrepreneurs are being described as the hope and future of the economy and welfare in Europe and its regions and at the same time as something very costly which no one really have faith in. This dual approach is a contributing factor to change being prevented.