Fünf Lösungskonzepte der kooperativen Spieltheorien, der Kern, die Shapley-, Aumann- Drèze-, Außenoptions- (Wiese) und x-Lösung (Casajus) stehen in einer experimenteller Prüfung und einem kompetitiven Test gegenüber. In 12 Labor-Experimenten mit 167 Probanden wird das Handschuhspiel (gloves game) in jeweils bis zu 25 Treatments anonym am Computer mit adäquaten monetären Anreizen gespielt. Nach mehreren Wiederholungen stellte sich im Markt annähernd das Wettbewerbsgleichgewicht (Kern) ein. Spieler ohne Erfahrung können durch Lösungskonzepte, die relative Knappheit und Marktgröße abbilden, besser vorhergesagt werden. Robuste Fairness ist darüber hinaus im wesentlichen nur ein Einzelphänomen und keineswegs eine generelle Präferenz, wie etwa Ungleichheitsaversion. Dagegen konnte eine generalisiert Form von Reziprozität äußerst häufig beobachtet werden.

This article investigates the practical application of open innovation principles within industrial new product development (NPD). Previous research on open innovation has primarily focused on the notion as such and not yet on how to integrating the principles of open innovation with well- established models for NPD. We aim to help close this knowledge gap. The purpose of this study is to explore how firms can benefit from opening up the NPD process by integrating the principles of open innovation with the well-known and widespread Stage-Gate model. To do this, previous literature is studied in combination with case study data investigating the existing occurrences and potential opportunities of employing the principles of open innovation within NPD at a firm within the upstream Oil &amp;amp; Gas business. Our empirical study shows that there are great virtues in the systematization of the already occasionally occurring open innovation practices. Additionally, a noticeable desire to pursue a more open approach to NPD was identified among the respondents. The results of this study allowed the enactment of a practitioner-oriented work model which exploits the advantages of “openness” while simultaneously capturing the benefits deriving from the systematic and structured approach implied by the Stage- Gate model. Furthermore, by opening up the Stage-Gate model, yet another opportunity is exposed: to allow the work model to facilitate a systematic adjustment of the way value is created and captured within the company (I.e. its business model and its underlying core capabilities) to the external environmental dynamics. This aspect is further included in the new work model. The main implications of this study are that is indicates great opportunities and possibilities in opening up the NPD process. It further introduces an easy applicable work model that facilitates the opening. Moreover, our results apply not only to firms within the Oil &amp;amp; Gas industry, but to all NPD processes where a Stage-Gate methodology is employed. / <p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

Introdução: O assédio moral evidencia uma problemática atual no mundo do trabalho, podendo interferir na qualidade da assistência prestada, uma vez que impacta, diretamente, na saúde do trabalhador assediado e interfere na sua qualidade de vida, dos colegas e fluxo de trabalho. Esse fenômeno social pode propiciar, também, o aumento do absenteísmo e diminuição da produtividade. Objetivo: Compreender os significados atribuídos pelos enfermeiros ao assédio moral vivenciado no ambiente de trabalho. Método: Optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz. A região de inquérito foi constituída por nove enfermeiros de um hospital privado do Munícipio de São Paulo. As entrevistas foram individuais e os depoimentos foram gravados, transcritos e analisados com base nos pressupostos teóricos da teoria da ação social, de Alfred Schütz. Resultados: Os dados obtidos possibilitaram conhecer e compreender as vivências dos enfermeiros, tanto em relação à prática do assédio moral e seus significados (motivos porque), quanto às expectativas que esse grupo social possui no tocante à necessidade de transformação dessa realidade social (motivos para). Os motivos porque destacam a forma com que os enfermeiros entendem a ocorrência do assédio moral. Esta percepção elucidou o assédio como prática inerente à profissão da enfermagem, ocasionada por profissionais hierarquicamente superiores e expostos à pressão institucional. A insegurança profissional também é vista como um motivo da prática do assédio moral. Os motivos para convergem no desejo de que a verdade não seja escamoteada por parte da instituição, dos colegas e do serviço de pessoal, para que sejam providas orientações e apoio às vítimas do assédio moral. Existe o anseio pela construção de um fluxo de diálogo concreto dos trabalhadores de enfermagem, que se sentem imersos em situações desgastantes no ambiente de trabalho e aspiram que o Conselho de Fiscalização das atividades profissionais, possa ampará-los na luta contra a ocorrência do assédio moral. Considerações finais: Este estudo possibilitou a compreensão dos significados atribuídos ao assédio moral na vivência de enfermeiros, revelando circunstâncias predisponentes desse fenômeno e as expectativas dos sujeitos, para que sejam suscitadas estratégias de enfrentamento dessa problemática no ambiente de trabalho, de forma articulada com a política institucional, possibilitando transformações dessa realidade social, por vezes tão nefasta no campo das relações interpessoais, por acarretar desgastes e sofrimentos ao trabalhador. / Introduction: Bullying highlights a current problem in the works world and may interfere with the quality of provided assistance, as it impacts directly on harassed worker\'s health and interferes with their quality of life, their colleagues and the workflow. This social phenomenon can provide, as well, the absenteeism increase and productivity decrease. Objective: Understand the meanings assigned by the nurses experienced harassment in the workplace. Method: We decided to perform a qualitative research with approach of social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz. The inquiry region was composed of nine nurses from a private hospital in the city of São Paulo. The interviews were individual and the testimonials recorded, transcribed and analysed based on the theoretical assumptions of the theory of social action of Alfred Schütz. Results: Obtained data allow us to know and understand nurses experiences in relation to both the practice of bullying and their meanings (reasons why), how many the expectations that this social group has, regarding the need for transformation of this social reality (reasons for). The \"reason why\" highlight the way the nurses understand the bullying occurrence. This perception elucidated the harassment as an inherent practice in the nursing profession, caused by hierarchically superior professionals exposed to institutional pressure. The professional insecurity could also be a reason to practice of bulling. The \"reasons for\" converge to a hope that the truth be not obfuscated by the institution, colleagues and the personal service, so that guidelines and support to the victims of bullying be given. There is the longing for the construction of a concrete dialogue flow among nursing workers, who feel immersed in stressful situations in the workplace and get help of the Supervisory Board of professional activities, to support them in the fight against the occurrence of bullying. Final considerations: This study allowed us to understand the meanings attributed to bullying in nurses experience. Reveals predisposing circumstances of this phenomenon and the expectations of the workers, to find special strategies in the workplace for this problematic, in order to enable transformations of this social reality, sometimes so damaging in interpersonal relations since it causes damage and suffering to the worker.

The purpose of this thesis is to explain the paradox of high employee turnover in an attractive industry and how management control can reconcile the tensions that occur as a consequence of the paradox. To achieve the purpose the study will use the accounting industry where this paradoxical situation occurs. A theoretical analytical model is developed with support from previous research. The model and its hypotheses are tested through a theoretically designed electronic survey. A total of 408 respondents participated, of which 221 people are active public accountants, 52 former public accountants and 135 potential candidates in public accounting. The analysis is based on a multivariate statistical analysis and a qualitative post hoc analysis. The result offers an indication that inadequate management control explain why employee turnover remain high despite the attractiveness of the industry. Personnel and action controls are proven to have positive effects on job satisfaction, commitment, the intention to stay and exhaustion. Reward systems are currently being used with the purpose of motivating staff and making sure they stay with the company. Despite this, and the attractiveness the accounting industry holds, the employee turnover is high. The results show that personnel and action controls strengthen the effects of rewards and expectations. In accordance with the results this mean the likelihood of voluntarily termination decreases, and the intention to stay increases. By reforming the management practices to include personnel and action controls in a larger scale, accounting firms can contribute to resolving the identified paradox. For the knowledge intensive accounting profession, this would lead to valuable cost savings. / <p>Validerat; 20160603 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

The past few year statistics show that more and more small companies are going bankrupt. Only in the year 2013 the figure increased by five percent over the prior year. Therefore, this study intends to highlight the problem of why failures occur and what underlying signals firms receive about a looming bankruptcy. It is not uncommon for firms for various reasons aside from the signals they receive about the company's financial position. The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of the signals at corporate failures.To answer this purpose, the study used a qualitative approach with quantitative elements. The qualitative method has been implemented in the form of personal interviews with the bankruptcy trustee and the quantitative method based on statistics from the district court in Lulea and data based on repertory grid. The quantitative data from the analysis program, Repertory grid, contributes a principal component analysis and factor analysis.With the help of the principal component analysis there could be four different typologies of insolvent companies identified. The dimensions that were found to have the highest variance were corporate structure and degree of external expertise. Based on these dimensions could every business be categorized. The factor analysis presents factor loadings which had the greatest explanation arising from or related construction.Key words: Repertory grid, institutional theory, signal theory, bankruptcy, small businesses, small enterprises. / <p>Validerat; 20140813 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

<p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

<p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

<p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

<p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are nomadic species typically studied across broad (>100km) spatial scales. In this study, I model fine-scale (or submesocale) habitat preferences, determine how organization into distinctive units of associating female and juveniles influences habitat use, and describe how movements change across the 24-hour cycle. This study concerns a well-studied population of sperm whales off Dominica in the Eastern Caribbean. Statistical models suggest that overall habitat use is rather homogenous, and social behaviour is best predicted by the presence of mature males. Variation among social units in the amount of time spent, and space occupied, within the study area indicates habitat preferences at the level of the social unit. Finally, movements are influenced by the diurnal cycle, as whales tend to move from inshore to offshore at dusk. This study betters our understanding of sperm whale habitat decisions over fine-scales, and has implication for conservation and management strategies.