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A modern society is often characterized by a large measure of welfare that all citizens take part of to a greater or lesser extent. Welfare can be defined as the social rights and benefits enjoyed by the habitants of a country. In Sweden, the social safety net is well developed and offers financial compensation in several situations and the individual can safely rely on the social safety net. In addition, legislations and insurances have been developed to offer protection to the habitants in special deserving cases. For example, when a person gets injured at the work-place or in traffic there are insurances that allow compensation regardless of any negligence, so called culpa. The insurance form is called no fault insurances. In addition, there is tort law that is applicable on all non-contractual damages. Tort law, private insurance law, insurances due to collective bargaining, public insurances covering occupation as well as different areas of the social security system are all connected in a vast and complex structure. The main purpose of the essay is to analyze the interdependence between the different compensation systems and to examine the differences that the no fault insurances concerning work related injuries and injuries due to traffic shows between them but also in comparison with tort law regarding for example compensation and the possibility to appeal a “wrongfully” made decision. The first part of the essay will provide a historical background to the development of the no fault insurances, especially regarding occupational damage and accidents in traffic, and focus on the relation between the different compensation systems - the Swedish model. Further on the motives to the regulations will be examined, followed by cases illustrating the actual application and specialness of the regulations. Analyzes and conclusions will be found in the different chapters of the essay, and they will be put together in a final chapter.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Reis Gusmao Rocha.pdf: 1041735 bytes, checksum: cd73e48874bb536fce9262965ac88b23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Our perspective of an analysis of the risks to which the Plan of Benefits of the General Social Insurance is exposed has originated from an investigation about the origins of social security. We have found out that social security started with the aim of protecting the worker that suffered physical damage related to work, which deprived him from his ability of providing for himself and his family. We have verified that, since the appearance of social security in 1883, in Germany, many countries have adopted a similar protection system, including Brazil. Nowadays, our social security system is based on the English model created by Sir William Beveridge. In the search for social security, social insurance was born connected to the notion of risk defined by Civil Law, but, gradually, this notion detached itself and developed its own identity. What was first understood as risk became social risk, studied by Social Law. In post-modernity, social security, in harmony with the principle of the universality of coverage and service, became a possibility offered not only to the worker, but also to all people who wish to affiliate to it. Social security and the plan of benefits of the General Regime of Social Insurance have increased their scope of protection and, concerning accident coverage, today, it protects the worker not only in case of work accident, but any accident. All it takes is that the individual is a covered member of the social insurance system, and that the restriction period is over. One of the social insurance subsystem s main peculiarities is that it is collaborative, which tells it apart from the other subsystems of social security. It is exactly for this reason that, inside the scope of social insurance, the principle of the universality of coverage and of service is still something to be persecuted, since not all citizens are protected, although all of them are allowed to enrol. Finally, once social security is only offered to members, we can state that, although citizens are exposed to many risks, not all these risks find coverage in the subsystem of Social Insurance / Nossa perspectiva de análise do Risco no Plano de Benefícios do Regime Geral de Previdência Social partiu de uma investigação sobre as origens do seguro social. Constatamos que, inicialmente, o seguro social surgiu com o objetivo de proteger o trabalhador que viesse a sofrer algum dano físico relacionado ao seu trabalho e que lhe retirasse a capacidade de ganho para prover seu sustento e de sua família. Verificamos que desde o surgimento do seguro social em 1883, na Alemanha, vários países passaram a adotar um sistema de proteção semelhante, inclusive o Brasil. Hoje, nosso sistema de proteção social é inspirado no modelo inglês elaborado por sir William Beveridge. Na busca pela proteção social, o seguro social nasceu atrelado à noção de risco definida pelo Direito Civil, mas aos poucos, essa noção foi se desprendendo e ganhando identidade própria, e o que se entendia por risco passou a ser risco social, estudado pelo Direito Previdenciário. Na pós modernidade, a proteção social, em verdadeira sintonia com o princípio da universalidade da cobertura e do atendimento, passou a ser uma possibilidade ofertada a todo o universo de pessoas que quiserem se filiar, e não apenas ao trabalhador. A proteção social no plano de benefícios do Regime Geral de Previdência Social ampliou o rol de proteção e, com relação a cobertura acidentária, hoje protege não apenas o trabalhador em caso de acidente que guarda relação ao trabalho, mas sim todo e qualquer acidente. Basta que o sujeito esteja filiado ao sistema de previdência, mantenha qualidade de segurado e carência cumprida quando for o caso. Por fim, o sistema é contributivo, sendo essa sua principal peculiaridade, o que diferencia o subsistema previdência social dos demais subsistemas do seguridade social. Justamente por essa razão, dentro da seara previdência social, o princípio da universalidade da cobertura e do atendimento ainda é algo a ser almejado, já que nem todos os cidadãos possuem a devida proteção, embora seja possibilitado a todos o ingresso. Por fim, a proteção previdenciária é oferecida somente aos sujeitos filiados, o que nos leva a afirmar que nem todos os riscos, por mais necessidade que possam gerar ao cidadão, encontram cobertura no subsistema Previdência Social

Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012 / The amendment of section 30I (3) of the Pension Funds Act No.24 of 1956 by the provisions of section 30I of the Pension Funds Amendment Act No.11 of 2007 poses a serious threat to the constitutional right to social security (Section 27 (1) (c) of the Constitution). The amendment places this challenge on this right because it places some form of time-barring on the member of the fund or the complainant (his or her dependent) when lodging a pension funds complaint after a prescribed time has elapsed (three years) and the Adjudicator will no longer have no powers to condone such a late referral despite good cause shown and prospects of success on the part of the complainant. The said amendment has placed the poor more especially those in the rural areas in a disadvantageous position, because most of them are illiterate and not aware of their pension law rights. This means that even though they are entitled to the pension funds benefits, they cannot access it if they lodged their complaint outside the three-year period.

The purpose of this study is to find existing circumstances in our country and a elder long-term care system of preventing transitions. Through the existing social insurance, for example: health insurance, national pension, labor insurance and the elderly welfare legal in our country, to compare with the other social countries, I hope to use the research analysis to find the problems of policies or legislated process that we need to prevent before the elder long-term care insurance started. Through the generalize analysis and history development of elder long-term care in many countries, use the Constitution and the Administrative Law to examine what Council of Grand Justices about Social Insurance interpretation and compare with the official policy offered by our government. I expect to avoid making mistakes and dispute like before and establishing the elder long-term care system which relieving burdens. After the analysis, I found that all of the advanced countries are almost confronting by problems like aging of population and the birthrate has been decreasing, and also confronting lack of care members and long-term care needed huge monetary payment issues. The key core of all the problems is whether it has enough money to the whole social welfare countries to be successful. Social welfare in democratic countries also face election activities carrying on social welfare politics. Ignoring national finance situations and majority political men were merely thinking off-the-shelf votes. It is priority for elder¡¦s policy but ignores the generation justice issues. Let me worry about whether descendant whom need care, not these elders, are there generations conflict being happened? In my opinion, to solve these problems is strengthening family function. If the whole social and nation wants to be stable, it is important to strengthen the family function. Therefore, the elder long-term care should be considered main family basis, in addition to ought to maintain the elder long-term care system and dualism and co-operate with National Health Insurance to work in coordination. The other elder social insurances have to adjust to unity, includes all kinds of old-age pensions similar nouns. Finally, it should be a definite principle and laws, and decrease indefinite concepts of law and reduce administrative discretion rights regarding pay items, thus it will protect people¡¦s rights instead of incurring damage beyond that could bring supervisory mechanism functions into full play after that.

<p>Swedish public administration has for the last few decades undergone reforms aimed at making it more efficient. A substantial part of these reforms have concerned creating clearer roles for politicians versus officials in the public sector, i.e. giving politicians a responsibility for setting goals and steering activities and public officials the role of implementing them.</p><p>This study aims to examine one reform following this path that is under implementation in a Swedish public authority; Försäkringskassan, the Social Insurance Agency. The purpose of the reform is to increase the organization’s effectiveness and the rule of law. The reform means that decision-making committees, Social Insurance Committees, consisting of political appointees are being replaced by public officials as decision-makers in complex social insurance cases. The purpose of this study is to see if, and how this reform could affect the democratic foundation of these decisions.</p><p>The study concludes that the reform will have a negative impact on the democratic support and the legitimacy of the decisions made, as it indirectly removes the citizens’ possibilities of expressing discontent through elections. This reform could also have a negative impact on the quality of rule of law if the new roles for public officials as decision-makers are not properly exercised.</p>

Why do international migrants send money home? What are the implications of these monetary flows for developing countries? Long debated by economists and sociologists, these questions have received very little attention in the political science literature. This dissertation argues, however, that remittances—money sent home or “remitted” by international migrants—have significant implications for the study of politics. My main contention is that international migrants assume a more significant welfare burden when their home government’s commitment to social insurance provision is in decline. Remittances, in other words, flow to compensate non-emigrating citizens for state retrenchment and the absence of a robust welfare state. I argue that this “transnational safety net” makes remittance recipients (RRs) less vulnerable to economic instability than neighbors who do not receive this money. All else equal, RRs should be more contented with their economic circumstances and have fewer economic grievances with which to politicize. The income-stabilizing and insurance effect of remittances, then, should reduce public pressure on the state, leaving RRs less motivated to mobilize against and punish incumbents for a poor economy when public safety nets are weak. Evidence comes from an original survey of 768 Mexican households, field interviews, and time-series data published by the Bank of Mexico. Statistical tests reveal that Mexicans abroad remit more to families that do not receive social benefits and send roughly $2.5 million more home for every $10 million reduction in spending on social programs by the Mexican government. Analyses furthermore reveal that despite being very poor on average, RRs tend to enjoy higher levels of income stability, are less likely to identify an economic matter as “the most important problem facing Mexico,” and make more positive and optimistic assessments of the national economy and their own financial circumstances. In the 2006 Mexican presidential election, I find that RRs were up to 15 percent more likely to stay home on election day at the expense of the primary opposition party and significantly less likely to punish the incumbent party with a vote for either of the major opposition parties if they did vote. / text

Lietuvos Respublikoje nuo 2004 metų veikia nauja socialinio draudimo pensijų sistema. Ji suteikia Lietuvos Respublikos gyventojams teisę kaupti papildomai pensijos daliai pensijų fonduose. II ir III pakopos pensijų fondų veiklos priežiūrą atlieka Lietuvos Respublikos Vertybinių popierių komisija. Pensijos yra tam tikra taupymo forma, kuri leidžia sulyginti pajamas per visą gyvenimo laikotarpį. Kiekvienas dirbantis žmogus gali taupyti tam tikrą einamųjų pajamų dalį, taip užtikrindamas sau išmokas iš÷jus į pensiją. Todėl išsivysčiusiose šalyse pensijos ir pensijų fondai vystėsi jau nuo senų laikų – jų užuomazgų galima rasti jau XVII amžiuje. Pirmosios valstybinės pensijos įvestos, generolo Oto fon Bismarko dėka, Vokietijoje 1889 metais. Daugumoje Europos Sąjungos valstybių praktikoje išryškėjo tendencija II pensijų sistemos pakopą daryti kaip privalomąją. Lietuvos Respublikos privalomąjį pobūdį išlaikė tik pirmoji pakopa, tuo tarpu antroji ir trečioji yra savanoriškos. Nuo 2004 m. sausio m÷n. 1 d. Lietuvos Respublikos gyventojai dalį įmokų “Sodrai” turi teisę pervesti į pensijų fondus, o taip pat gali savanoriškai kaupti papildomai pensijos daliai pensijų fonduose ar gyvybės draudimo įmonėse, mokėdami tam tikro dydžio įmokas. Teisę tapti pensijų fondo dalyviu turi asmenys, privalomai draudžiami valstybiniu socialiniu pensijų draudimu pagrindinei ir papildomai pensijos daliai gauti, išskyrus asmenis, kurie jau yra sukakę senatvės pensijos amžių. Pensijų įmokos dydis 2006 metais... [to full text] / Lithuanians, since 01/01/04, a part of their payments to “Sodra” can remit in pension funds. All pension accumulation enterprises are strictly controlled and supervised by the Stock Commission. Pension is a particular way on saving, which allows dispensing lifetime income. Every working person can put aside a certain part of his income, thus guaranteeing allowance when the person retires. In wealthy countries pensions and pension funds have existed for a long time, their origins dating as far back as the 17th. First retirement was instituted by Otto von Bismarck in Germany 1889. There is a tendency that in most of European Union states II level’s of the pension system are compulsory. In Lithuania only I level is compulsory, while II and III are voluntary. Lithuanians, since 01/01/04, a part of their payments to “Sodra” can remit in pension funds, also they can accumulate voluntary for subsidiary part of the pension in pension funds or insurance enterprises, by making certain payments. To become a participant of the pension fund may a person, who is compulsory insured with the social retirement insurance, to get main or subsidiary part of pension. Person, who is already turned the retirement age, have no right to participate in the second level. In 2006 the pension payment is 4.5 percent, since 2007 – 5.5 percent of participant’s income, from which the national social security payments are countable. Payments are remitted from VSDF (National Social Insurance Fund) budget to... [to full text]

Darbuotojo sveikatai padarytos žalos atlyginimo garantijos yra susijusios ne tik su darbdavio pareigos sudaryti darbuotojams saugias ir sveikas darbo sąlygas pažeidimu ir jo materialine atsakomybe, bet ir visuomenės interesu garantuoti socialinę apsaugą žalą sveikatai patyrusiems asmenims. Darbuotojo sveikatai padaryta žala atlyginama taikant darbdavio materialinę atsakomybę ir nelaimingų atsitikimų darbe ir profesinių ligų socialinio draudimo kompensacijas. Šie žalos kompensavimo būdai turėtų užtikrinti realų, visišką ir teisingą žalos atlyginimą, tačiau Lietuvoje iki šiol nėra tokių žalos kompensavimo būdų sąveikos koncepcijos. Todėl šio tyrimo objektas yra darbuotojo sveikatai padarytos žalos atlyginimas darbdavio materialinės atsakomybės ir nelaimingų atsitikimų darbe ir profesinių ligų socialinio draudimo būdu. Tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti sisteminius - funkcinius ryšius tarp darbdavio atsakomybės ir darbuotojo sveikatai padarytos žalos kompensavimo nelaimingų atsitikimų darbe ir profesinių ligų socialinio draudimo būdu ir apibrėžti šių žalos kompensavimo būdų sąveiką Lietuvoje. Disertacijoje kompleksiškai analizuojamas darbuotojo sveikatai padarytos žalos atlyginimo institutas; apibrėžiami darbdavio materialinę atsakomybę bei nelaimingų atsitikimų darbe ir profesinių ligų socialinį draudimą vienijantys kriterijai; atskleidžiama nelaimingų atsitikimų darbe ir profesinių ligų socialinio draudimo paskirtis ir funkcijos darbuotojo sveikatai padarytos žalos atlyginimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Guarantees of the compensation for the damage caused to employee's health are related not only with the breach of employer's duty to provide employees with secure and health working conditions and his/her pecuniary liability but also with the interest of society to ensure social security to the person who experienced the damage. The damage caused to employee's health is compensated by bringing the proceedings against employer's liability as well as applying social insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases. These types of redress should guarantee concrete, full and fair compensation for the damage. However, in Lithuania there is no conception of interaction between these types of compensation so far. Accordingly, the object of the research is the compensation for the damage caused to employee’s health by applying the pecuniary employer's liability and social insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases. The objective of the thesis is to reveal systematical - functional relations between employer's liability and compensation for the damage caused to employee's health by applying social insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases and to define the interaction of the various means for damage compensation in Lithuania. The thesis deals, in a complex manner, with the main aspects of the damage compensation institute; defines the rally criterias of the employer's pecuniary liability and social insurance against accidents at... [to full text]

Finansų valdymo magistro baigiamojo darbo temos naujumą ir aktualumą apibrėžia ta aplinkybė, kad socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos, kaip socialinės apsaugos priemonių simbiozės, įtakos valstybės finansams tema nebuvo nuodugniai nagrinėta mokslininkų ir valdžios institucijų. Tyrimo problema. Kokią įtaką turi socialinis draudimas ir socialinė parama Lietuvos valstybės finansų sistemai? Tyrimo objektai: Lietuvos valstybės finansų sistema, socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos sistemos. Tyrimo tikslas – instituciniu ir ekonominiu požiūriu įvertinti socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos sistemų įtaką valstybės finansams. Uždaviniai: 1. Išnagrinėti mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamus finansų sistemos apibrėžimus bei pagrindinius aspektus; 2. Išnagrinėti mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamus svarbiausius socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos aspektus, teisinį reglamentavimą, 3. Identifikuoti svarbiausias spręstinas problemas; 4. Išnagrinėti socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos finansavimo šaltinius; 5. Įvertinti socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos ekonominę įtaką valstybės finansų sistemai. 6. Pateikti pasiūlymus dėl socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos sistemų tobulinimo. Darbo struktūra. Darbą sudaro trys skyriai. Pirmame skyriuje pateikiami finansų sistemos, socialinio draudimo ir socialinės paramos teoriniai ir teisiniai aspektai, šių sistemų problemos. Antrame skyriuje pagrindžiama tyrimo problema, pagrindžiami tyrimo metodai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The novelty of thesis topic defines the fact that social insurance and social welfare as symbiosis of social protection measures, which affect public finances, have not been thoroughly examined by scientists and government agencies. The research problem. What influence has social insurance and social welfare for Lithuania's public finance system? Research objects: Lithuanian financial, social insurance and social welfare systems. Research aim – institutional and economic assessment of the social insurance and social welfare systems on public finances. Objectives: 1. To examine financial system definitions and key aspects in scientific literature; 2. To examine legal regulation of the most important social insurance and welfare aspects. 3. To identify the most actual problems; 4. To examine social insurance and welfare funding sources. 5. To evaluate social insurance and welfare economic impact on public finance system. 6. To propose improvements for social insurance and welfare systems. Work structure. The work consists of three parts. The first part presents financial system, social insurance and social welfare theoretical and legal aspects as well as its problems. The second part justifies research problem, selects relevant research methods and presents research instrumentation. The third part evaluates social insurance and social welfare economic influence on public finance sector and proposes some solution for this system improvement. Research methods. It was... [to full text]