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No. of bitstreams: 1 lucienecarnevaledesouza.pdf: 2592161 bytes, checksum: e9e57d465b2f129869598beed3f3bc72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-27 / Objetivou-se analisar os determinantes do processo de envelhecimento, a prevalência de incontinência anal e as representações sociais que pessoas com idade ≥65 anos fazem sobre a incontinência anal com vista a identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem nesta área em um grupo socialmente contextualizado. Pesquisa delineada no método misto composta por survey e Teoria das Representações Sociais com abordagem estrutural e processual. Participaram pessoas com idade ≥65 anos, de ambos os gêneros e moradoras de uma área atendida por uma Unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde de Minas Gerais. A entrevista individual foi o instrumento de coleta de dados aplicado, contendo: determinantes do envelhecimento, escalas de incontinência de Wexner, St Mark, Revised Fecal Incontinence Score (RFIS) e Fecal Incontinence Quality Life (FIQL), evocações a partir de termo indutor e entrevista gravada para obter discurso sobre a incontinência anal. Utilizou-se suporte dos programas SPSS®, EVOC® e Nvivo® para consolidação e tratamento dos dados. Atenderam-se todos requisitos éticos e legais de pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Participaram 110 pessoas, destes 70,9% possuíam idade entre 65-75 anos; 62,7% eram mulheres; 67,3% eram naturais de cidades mineiras; 49,1% eram casados; 12,7% tinham profissão do lar, 19,1% eram doméstica; 24,5% nunca frequentaram escola e a média de anos de estudo foi de 7,59 anos. Prevalência de 9,9% de incontinência anal em diferentes graus, de acordo com as escalas utilizadas. Entre os determinantes do processo do envelhecimento identificaram-se: famílias numerosas, de baixa renda, presentes no cotidiano dos participantes, com convivência intergeracional, vínculos afetivos e fornecedores de apoio financeiro para o núcleo familiar; com hábitos de assistir à televisão, ouvir rádio, transferir tradição entre o grupo intergeracional; presença de doenças crônico-degenerativas e em uso de carga medicamentosa diária. Na Representação Social Estrutural, os cognemas alocados no núcleo central (cheiro-ruim, vergonha, pior-que-xixi e ruim) retrataram dimensões valorativas de caráter negativo, sendo que os mesmos foram corroborados com fragmentos de discurso dos participantes na abordagem processual da representação social. A reunião de todas as informações subsidiou a identificação de diagnósticos de enfermagem segundo a taxonomia da NANDA I como estando vinculados à respostas dos participantes diante da incontinência anal. Deles 11 são do tipo real, oito de risco e quatro de promoção de saúde. Concluiu-se que o caráter valorativo negativo para a incontinência anal retrata a necessidade de condutas terapêuticas que auxiliem aos participantes a enfrentarem esta síndrome geriátrica com vistas ao envelhecimento ativo. A contribuição desta investigação está no fato de ela: 1) possibilitar a elaboração de um diagnóstico sobre o processo do envelhecimento, a prevalência da incontinência anal em grupo socialmente contextualizado na abordagem de atenção primária à saúde e a identificação de diagnósticos de enfermagem segundo a taxonomia da NANDA I; 2) conhecer as concepções de pessoas com idade ≥65 anos sobre uma das síndromes geriátricas que possuem impacto social, econômico, relacional e pessoal no processo de envelhecimento ativo e 3) elencar subsídios para reflexões do profissional enfermeiro para as condutas terapêuticas passíveis de ser operacionalizadas na atenção primária à saúde com vistas a contribuir para que o processo do envelhecimento ocorra com autonomia, saúde, segurança e participação social. / This study aimed to analyze the determinants of the aging process, the prevalence of anal incontinence and social representations that people aged ≥65 years are about anal incontinence to identify nursing diagnoses in this area in a socially contextualized group. Research outlined by the mixed method composed by survey and Theory of Social Representations structural and procedural approach. Participated peoples aged with ≥65 years, of both genders and residents of an area covered by a unit of Primary Health Care of Minas Gerais. Instrument of Data collection applied by individual interviews containing: Aging determinants, Wexner incontinence scales, St Mark, Fecal Incontinence Score Revised (RFIS) Fecal Incontinence Quality and Life (FIQL), evocations from inductive term and recorded interview for get discourse on anal incontinence. Used statistical support of SPSS, EVOC® and Nvivo® programs for consolidation and processing of data. Catered all legal and ethical requirements for research involving humans. Participated 110 people, with 70.9% aged 65-75 years; 62.7% women; 67.3% was borned in the state of Minas Gerais; 49.1% were married; home of the profession (12.7%), domestic (19.1%), and 24.5% never attended school and the average years of schooling was 7.59 years. Prevalence of anal incontinence was 9.9% in different levels according to the scale used. Among the determinants of the aging process was identified: many low-income families present in the daily lives of participants with intergenerational families, and bonds and with financial support for the family; habits of watching television, listening to the radio and transfer between tradition intergenerational group, presence of chronic degenerative diseases and drug charges in everyday use. Social Representation in the Structural words allocated in the central core (smell-bad, shame, worse-than-pee and bad), portrayed evaluative dimensions of negative character, and they were strengthened with speech fragments of the participants in the procedural approach to representation social. The combination of all the information supported the identification of nursing diagnoses according to the taxonomy NANDA I to be linked to the participants' responses on the anal incontinence. 11 of them are the real kind, eight-four risk of health promotion. It was concluded that the negative evaluative character for anal incontinence portrays the need for therapeutic approaches that help participants to handle such a geriatric syndrome with a view to active aging. The contribution of this research is the fact that it: 1) enable the development of a diagnosis of the aging process, the prevalence of anal incontinence in socially contextualized group in addressing primary health care and to identify nursing diagnoses according to the taxonomy NANDA I; 2) know the conceptions of people aged ≥65 years about one of the geriatric syndromes that have effect social, economic, relational and personal in active aging process and 3) to list grants for nursing professional reflections for therapeutic approaches that can be operationalized in primary health care in order to contribute to the aging process to occurs with autonomy, health, safety and social participation.

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo o estudo da percepção de justiça e eqüidade de grupos sociais do Pantanal Mato-Grossense, a respeito de aproveitamentos hídricos, tendo como referencial empírico o implemento da Hidrovia Paraguai-Paraná. As concepções que esses grupos sociais têm de atitudes para um planejamento hídrico justo, assim como, seu grau de informação e de participação social, foram também considerados fundamentais para uma melhor compreensão das percepções de pantaneiros e ribeirinhos. Para tanto, metodologicamente foi proposto um estudo de caso , com aplicação de questionários fechados, realização de entrevistas gravadas e fotodocumentação. Por meio dos resultados apresentados, conclui-se que a percepção do grau de justiça dos entrevistados está intimamente relacionada aos usos da água que, no nível individual e comunitário, apresentam aspectos que mais diretamente intervêm no cotidiano e na qualidade de vida das pessoas. Quanto ao grau de concordância com aspectos fisiológicos inseridos na gestão de recursos hídricos, destaca-se a percepção generalizada da água como um bem comum e de forte valor comunitário, que deve ser preservado, em detrimento de aspectos econômicos. Reconhecem a necessidade de regras de planejamento a longo prazo, assim como, a necessidade de todo um arcabouço legal, porém, existe um clima de pessimismo quanto ao cumprimento das leis, visto que, carregam uma certa desconfiança da imparcialidade da justiça, assim como, a reconhecem como morosa. Conclui-se que as atividades e ações apresentadas e necessárias para o implemento de um hidrovia são consideradas negativas à medida em que os impactos sócio-ambientais são associados como causadores de impactos negativos localizados. Quanto ao grau de informação, pode-se concluir que a falta de mesma é perceptível em todas as áreas, sexos, faixas etárias, tipos de ocupação e níveis de escolaridade - com exceção das mulheres residentes no meio urbano, que se mostram mais informadas. A respeito do nível de participação, apesar de se reconhecerem como co-responsáveis, juntamente com a ação governamental, pela gestão dos recursos hídricos e preservação do Pantanal, mostram aversão em participar do processo decisório e de se inserirem em qualquer forma associativa. Porém, acreditam na possibilidade da participação efetiva do público, deixando em aberto um canal para engajamento futuro. / It is the purpose of this study to acertain the perceptions of the riparians and small cattle ranchers of the marshes of Pantanal Mato-grossense as regards the justice and fairness of water management policies, with special reference to the implementation of the Paraguay-Paraná Waterway. The conceptions of these groups about the fairness of water planning procedures, their acceptance of some of the philosophical aspects underlying the water resources management, the degree of their awareness about environmental ramifications and the level of social participation in the decision process, are considered to be of fundamental importance for a better comprehension of the perception of the said groups. To achieve an understanding of the perception of the social groups, a case study was made through the application of a questionnaire, interviews and photo-documentation. The results show that the degree of perception of justice of those interviewed is intimately associated with water use on individual as well as on community levels revealing aspects related to every day life and its quality. With reference to the degree of acceptance of the water management philosophy, it is observed that the riparians perceive water as a public good with great value for the community and that it should be preserved even at the cost of economic interests. They recognise the need for long-term planning and for the required legal framework. However, they show some pessimism as regards the effectiveness of such laws in view of their suspicions about the impartiality of the judicial system and its moroseness. As regards the awareness of riparian inhabitants of the waterway projects, the absence of such information is perceptible in all the areas and among both sexes, their age groups, occupation and education level with the exception of urban women. With respect to social participation, the riparians are averse to their involvement in the water resources decision process or any other kind of association, despite recognizing their responsability to wards the preservation of the Pantanal.

This project demonstrates how English teachers in Japan can conduct purposeful and meaningful lessons for middle school low-intermediate students. The teaching approach used for this project is based on Content-Based Instruction (CBI).

The phenomenon of age-disparate relationships between younger men and older women is relatively under- researched and therefore open to misunderstanding. The common assumption is that the younger men enter these relationships with a view to benefiting in terms of money or material goods. This qualitative study explored the experiences of five young men from around Pretoria who are in relationships with older women to understand their motivations for entering into those relationships and their experiences in the relationships. The in-depth interviews were thematically analysed and themes that emerged indicated that, unlike what has previously been found among young women who are in relationships with older men (namely that the young women are often coerced and therefore do not have much power in their relationships), the young men entered the relationships willingly and rely on cultural norms that allow them to navigate and negotiate their roles in the relationships. It is therefore recommended that age-disparate relationships not be discouraged; instead, interventions should focus on assisting young people develop agentic power in such relationships. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Dans un contexte de fortes pressions concurrentielles et réglementaires, les constructeurs automobiles introduisent sur le marché des véhicules dont les caractéristiques sont proches. Si les émotions suscitées par l’expérience de conduite constituent un puissant levier de différenciation, les concepteurs de voitures rattachent principalement la dimension affective aux propriétés stylistiques de leurs véhicules. Avec des innovations qui ne sont envisagées que dans une perspective fonctionnelle, les constructeurs proposent ainsi à leurs clients des prestations similaires, sans tenir compte des facteurs relationnels sous-jacents à l’utilisation d’un véhicule. Pourtant, la littérature met en avant l’importance de la dimension émotionnelle des relations sociales, qui représente selon nous une opportunité pour le Groupe Renault de se différencier, en proposant une nouvelle expérience de conduite orientée sur les interactions inter-conducteurs. Nous avons commencé notre travail par un premier terrain d’observation, dont l’objectif a été de déterminer les conditions et les leviers permettant l’établissement d’une relation entre les usagers de la route. Sur la base des premiers résultats valorisant la perception mutuelle de deux conducteurs, nous avons réalisé une expérimentation dite minimaliste comparant deux modalités de perception, appelées information perceptive et activité perceptive, dans le cadre d’une action collaborative. Cette étude souligne le rôle crucial de la dynamique interpersonnelle sur les mécanismes de la compréhension sociale : les résultats montrent l’intérêt, d’un point de vue émotionnel, d’accéder à ce à quoi l’autre est attentif. Nous nous sommes ensuite inspirés de ces résultats pour designer un dispositif de perception et d’interaction et étudier son rôle dans l’apparition d’émotions positives lors de la conduite sur route. Par le biais d’une expérimentation sur simulateur, nous avons pu faire émerger un nouveau type d’expérience de conduite résultant de la manipulation de ce dispositif. Cette thèse, sur la base d’un principe théorique mis à l’épreuve dans une expérimentation de terrain impliquant les usagers de la route, suit un processus itératif propre à une démarche de recherche-projet. Elle s’appuie sur une réalisation conceptuelle qui n’est pas une finalité mais un préalable. Elle propose des pistes de conceptions pour le design d’une nouvelle fonctionnalité intégrée dans le véhicule, tirant parti du contexte social de la conduite pour susciter des émotions positives entre conducteurs. / In a context of strong competition and regulatory pressures, the vehicles on the market share common characteristics. Even though emotions elicited by the driving experience are a powerful lever for differentiation, manufacturers mainly attach the affective dimension to the stylistic properties of their vehicles. They only consider innovations in a functional perspective and offer their customers similar services without regarding the relational factor underlying the use of a vehicle. However, the literature highlights the importance of the emotional dimension of social relations, which in our opinion represents an opportunity for the Renault Group to differentiate itself by proposing a new driving experience based on interactions between drivers. We began our work with an observation field. Our purpose was to determine the conditions and levers establishing a relationship between road users. On the basis of the first results valuing the mutual perception of two drivers, we carried out a minimalist experiment comparing two modes of perception, namely the perceptive information and theperceptual activity, within the framework of a collaborative action. This study emphasizes the crucial role of interpersonal dynamics on the mechanisms of social understanding: the results show the interest, from an emotional point of view, of accessing to what the other is attentive to. We then used these results to design a device for perception and interaction purposes and we studied its role in the emergence of positive emotions when driving. Through a simulator experiment, we have been able to bring out a new type of driving experience resulting from the manipulation of this device. This thesis is based on a theoretical principle put to the test in a field experiment involving road users. We follow an iterative process specific to a research-project approach. We propose a conceptual realization that is not a purpose but a prerequisite. Based on the fact that driving is in itself a social interaction, we suggest ideas for the design of a new feature integrated into the vehicle which arouses positive emotions between drivers.

This study examines spontanneous, laic personality ratings of face in comparison to following questionnaires: 16 PF, EPQ-R, NEO-PI-R. We've focused on how people spontaneously rate personality from face in relation to traits which are examined by said questionnaires. We tried to discover which traits are part of questionnaires but not included qualiative ratings and vice versa which traits can be found in laic descriptions but not in questionnaires. We used data from previous studies which provided us with two independent data, self-reports and ratings of facial photographs. Ratings were sorted out and compared to questionnaires. Most of the traits from qualiative data were also included in NEO-PI-R, specifically 90,4% of traits from self-reports and 82,90% of peer reports. 16 PF covered 88% and 77,81% of traits, EPQ-R 86% and 75,94% respectively. The least covered factor overall was Self-Reliance (16 PF) which included only 0,4% of all traits from self-reports. We have not found any factor which would be completely neglected in qualiatitve descriptions. Atractivity and physical traits were one of the main traits among those left unclassified. As with atractivity itself there was wide range of traits that we are unsure of how much personality relevant they actually are. Among unclassified traits...

The following thesis "Labelling as a part of a pedagogical discourse at a secondary pedagogical school" discusses the labelling process within the pedagogical discourse. The thesis aims to identify discursive practices used by teachers during the labelling process when evaluating their students, as well as to present different kinds of labels and areas that are considered either an asset or are deemed undesirable by teachers. Consequently, the thesis is of a theoretical-empirical nature. The theoretical part focuses on symbolic interactionism, labelling theory, and possible forms of pedagogical discourse. Furthermore, this part covers possible errors in social perception and areas that are most likely to result in a label being assigned to a student. In addition, considerable attention is paid to the typology of teacher personalities, school and class environments, or the impacts of the "hidden" curriculum. The empirical part introduces readers to qualitative research carried out in the form of participant observation at a pedagogical high school. Based on the research analysis the thesis proceeds to describe teachers labelling behaviour and presents a list of possible labels, including their differences. Key words: labelling, social deviation, social perception, education discource, hidden...

\ / Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

How are people who generally see others positively evaluated themselves? We propose that the answer to this question crucially hinges on the content domain: We hypothesize that Agency follows a “zero-sum principle” and therefore people who see others as high in Agency are perceived as low in Agency themselves. In contrast, we hypothesize that Communion follows a “non-zero-sum principle” and therefore people who see others as high in Communion are perceived as high in Communion themselves. We tested these hypotheses in a round-robin and a half-block study. Perceiving others as agentic was indeed linked to being perceived as low in Agency. To the contrary, perceiving others as communal was linked to being perceived as high in Communion, but only when people directly interacted with each other. These results help to clarify the nature of Agency and Communion and offer explanations for divergent findings in the literature.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Human-looking computer interfaces, including humanoid robots and animated humans, may elicit in their users eerie feelings. This effect, often called the uncanny valley, emphasizes our heightened ability to distinguish between the human and merely humanlike using both perceptual and cognitive approaches. Although reactions to uncanny characters are captured more accurately with emotional descriptors (e.g., eerie and creepy) than with cognitive descriptors (e.g., strange), and although previous studies suggest the psychological processes underlying the uncanny valley are more perceptual and emotional than cognitive, the deep roots of the concept of humanness imply the application of category boundaries and cognitive dissonance in distinguishing among robots, androids, and humans. First, laddering interviews (N = 30) revealed firm boundaries among participants’ concepts of animated, robotic, and human. Participants associated human traits like soul, imperfect, or intended exclusively with humans, and they simultaneously devalued the autonomous accomplishments of robots (e.g., simple task, limited ability, or controlled). Jerky movement and humanlike appearance were associated with robots, even though the presented robotic stimuli were humanlike. The facial expressions perceived in robots as improper were perceived in animated characters as mismatched. Second, association model testing indicated that the independent evaluation based on the developed indices is a viable quantitative technique for the laddering interview. Third, from the interviews several candidate items for the eeriness index were validated in a large representative survey (N = 1,311). The improved eeriness index is nearly orthogonal to perceived humanness (r = .04). The improved indices facilitate plotting relations among rated characters of varying human likeness, enhancing perspectives on humanlike robot design and animation creation.