This thesis uncovers a deep and recurring link between two indigenista texts of the 20th Century: Balâun Canâan, by Rosario Castellanos, and "El problema del indio," by Jose Carlos Mariâategui. Mariategui's text, an essay, takes a deductive approach to prove that the "Indian's problem" in Peru is related to the concentration of land in the hands of his oppressors. Using Marxist theory, Mariâategui shows that only through more equitable distribution of land can the indigenous Peruvian's fortunes be improved. Castellanos chooses the years of the Cardenas presidency (1934-1940) for her novel, a work that deals with the legacy of the Mexican Revolution. Set in Chiapas, Mexico, autobiographical and fictitious elements and characters dramatize a conflict over indigenous rights to land and education on a criollo family's enormous estate. Supported by intellectual criticism from a number of fields, this thesis connects episodes from Castellanos's novel with the core premises of Mariâategui's essay. / by Blaire Modic. / Abstract in English. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-03T13:31:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cynthia Franceska Cardoso.pdf: 8213560 bytes, checksum: d00568b28af28dd8825bb7a538eebafe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T13:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cynthia Franceska Cardoso.pdf: 8213560 bytes, checksum: d00568b28af28dd8825bb7a538eebafe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this work was to map the path taken by indigenous people to access the benefits and social services offered by the Social Assistance and Social Security policies, in São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM). The municipality has a territorial extension of 109,184.9 km². Located in the extreme northwest of the state, it borders the west with Colombia and the north with Venezuela. Approximately 95% of the inhabitants are indigenous belonging to more than 30 indigenous group of at least 23 languages. This sociocultural diversity and geographic isolation set several challenges to the implementation of social policies Two methods were used in this research: the ethnography, that required a long stay in the place, the interaction with the subjects, the continuous observation, and a detailed transcription of the information collected; also the research-action-participation (RAP), that proposes to study certain groups through a dialogical relationship between the researcher and the community, in which both are active subjects in the construction of research and knowledge, and that presupposes a devolution to the community. In the case of this work, there was a denunciation report on several situations of violations of social rights, later sent to the Federal Public Ministry of Amazonas. The instruments used included a bibliographical survey, participant and non-participant observation, structured interviews with open and semi-structured questions, field reports, participation in events, holding meetings, formal and informal conversations, tabulation of the information collected and the transformation into quantitative and qualitative data, as well as their analysis. The sample of the universe was 130 people. Of these, 43 were users of the services, 54 users of the Social Security Policy who were not interviewed, but had the attendance observed, 22 were technicians and managers of social services and 11 were members of organized civil society. Fieldwork lasted four months and has led us to reflect that access to social benefits and services by indigenous people poses challenges to every society, especially the indigenous movement, the state and the scientific community / O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear o caminho percorrido por indígenas para acessar benefícios e serviços sociais ofertados pelas políticas de Assistência e Previdência Social, em São Gabriel da Cachoeira (AM). O município possui uma extensão territorial de 109.184,9 km², está localizado no extremo noroeste do estado, faz fronteira a oeste com a Colômbia e ao norte com a Venezuela. Aproximadamente 95% dos habitantes são indígenas, pertencentes a mais de trinta povos falantes de, no mínimo, 23 línguas. Esta diversidade sociocultural e o isolamento geográfico estabelecem diversos desafios à execução das políticas sociais. Dois métodos foram utilizados nesta pesquisa: a etnografia, que exigiu uma longa permanência no local, a interação com os sujeitos envolvidos, a observação contínua e a transcrição minuciosa das informações coletadas; e a investigação-ação-participação (IAP), que propõe estudar determinados grupos por uma relação dialógica entre pesquisador e comunidade, na qual ambos são sujeitos ativos na construção da investigação e do conhecimento, pressupondo-se uma devolutiva à comunidade. No caso deste trabalho, houve a produção de um relatório denúncia sobre as diversas situações de violações de direitos sociais apuradas, encaminhado ao Ministério Público Federal do Amazonas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o levantamento bibliográfico, a observação participante e não participante, as entrevistas estruturadas com perguntas abertas e as semiestruturadas, os relatórios de campo, a participação em eventos, a realização de reuniões, as conversas formais e informais, a tabulação das informações coletadas e a transformação em dados quantitativos e qualitativos, bem como sua análise. A amostra do universo foi de 130 pessoas. Destas, 43 eram usuários dos serviços, 54 usuários da Política de Previdência Social que não foram entrevistados, mas tiveram o atendimento observado, 22 eram técnicos e gestores dos serviços sociais e onze eram integrantes da sociedade civil organizada. O trabalho em campo durou quatro meses e nos levou a refletir sobre o acesso aos benefícios e serviços sociais por povos indígenas, que impõe desafios a toda sociedade, sobretudo ao movimento indígena, ao Estado e à comunidade científica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:48:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karen dos Santos Honorio.pdf: 1504304 bytes, checksum: 48d75b952b72a26ca23cb7824829f083 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to understand the meaning of the South America Iniciative for Integration of Regional Infrastructure (IIRSA), in the 21st regionalism in South America and also evaluate Brazil s participation on it. Our goal is the compreension of this object through a analytical description since its origins until the incorporation at the Conselho Sul-Americano de Infraestrutura e Planejamento (COSIPLAN) in 2009, seeking to understand how IIRSA worked and how countries and banks participated, focusing our analysis in Brazil. It was also our intention to go beyond the analysis of the IIRSA s project in 2000 and evaluate what this proccess can tell us about the regional integration in South America. We point that IIRSA did not forge any new arrangement regarding to the regional integration and instead, re-forced the tendency of a bilateral regionalism without supra-national charge. Each country participated and acted according to their own capacity, without a concerted action that could achieve , in terms of implementation, what were proposed / Este trabalho busca entender o significado da Iniciativa para a Integração da Infraestrutura Regional Sul-Americana ( IIRSA) no cenário do regionalismo sul-americano do século 21, bem como avaliar a participação brasileira nessa iniciativa. Nosso objetivo é o entendimento desse objeto por meio de uma descrição analítica desde seu surgimento até sua incorporação ao Conselho Sul-Americano de Infraestrutura e Planejamento (Cosiplan)em 2009, procurando entender como a IIRSA funcionou e como os países e órgãos financiadores participaram dela, focando nosso trabalho no Brasil. Nossa intenção é ir além da análise do projeto proposto no começo do ano 2000 (período em que reside grande parte das análises) e avaliar, em perspectiva, qual o presente estágio desse processo, ao longo dos dez anos, e o que ele nos indica sobre o atual momento da integração regional na América do Sul. Apontamos que a IIRSA não forjou nenhum arranjo inovador de integração na região e que a iniciativa reforça a tendência de um regionalismo pautado em relações bilaterais sem carga de institucionalidade supranacional, no qual o protagonismo das decisões fica a cargo de cada país através de seu corpo técnico participante das reuniões, agindo dentro desse âmbito cada um deles conforme seus interesses/capacidades políticas e econômicas, sem coordenação conjunta que efetive avanços em termos de implementação do que é proposto.

Orientador: John Manuel Monteiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T21:09:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martini_DanielMoretto_M.pdf: 11992073 bytes, checksum: 98cb98d7d32779e457b9c82a52d0a02c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo principal a investigação da aldeia de Barueri ao longo do século XVIII. Baseando-se em pesquisas recentes, a intenção é entender como os índios dessa aldeia se inseriram dentro da sociedade colonial e como transformaram a identidade de índios aldeados em uma forma de lutar pelos direitos que essa condição supostamente lhes garantia. Para fazer isso esses índios tiveram que se inserir no jogo político da capitania de São Paulo e lidar com os problemas e conflitos entre as diversas autoridades que tinham interesses sobre o trabalho deles. Através dessa interação os índios conseguiram garantir formas particulares de ocupar as terras da aldeia e possibilidades de negar serviços que lhes eram ordenados. Essa situação começou a se transformar com o Diretório dos Índios que passou a exigir uma mudança territorial e, consequentemente, uma mudança de comportamento dos índios. Por fim, buscamos mostrar que existia uma população ativa e que formava famílias dentro da aldeia de Barueri, o que contradiz a bibliografia que vê esse lugar como decadente e despovoado ao longo do século XVIII / Abstract: This thesis focuses on the Indian settlement of Barueri, Captaincy of São Paulo, Brazil, during the eighteenth century. Based on recent research, this work seeks to understand how the Indians of this village became part of colonial society and how they used the condition of settled Indians in their struggle for the rights that this condition was supposed to guarantee. In order to do this, these Indians had to take part in the politics of the Captaincy and deal with the problems and conflicts involving different authorities who had an interest in their labor. This involvement allowed the Indians to guarantee specific forms of land tenure and to refuse to comply with work orders. This situation began to change with the introduction of the Indian Directorate, which set in motion territorial changes and consequently changes in the Indians' behavior. Finally, the thesis endeavors to document an active population that constituted families within Barueri, in disagreement with the prevailing bibliography, which sees this settlement as decadent and depopulated during the eighteenth century / Mestrado / Historia Social / Mestre em História

My thesis examines from an ethnographic account how history has been made, told and interpreted by the Angaité people of the Chaco since the Paraguayan nation-state effectively carried out the colonization of this territory in the 19th century until the present day. The key elements of this account are the Angaité’s notions and practices on alterity, storytelling and shamanism and how they interplay with one another. I explore the notions of alterity and its counterpart similarity in the context of multiple material transactions in which the Angaité engage both among themselves and with outsiders. I also examine the inseparable socio-moral evaluations attached to such transactions. I show how certain transactions such as exchange or commoditisation do not necessarily conflict with good social relations. Nevertheless, the closest relationships – preferably evoked in kinship terms - are constantly constructed by the combination of several practices including sharing, pooling, cohabitation and companionship and the relational morality that underpins them. This relational morality, I argue, is both inscribed and enacted through the telling of Nanek Any’a narratives –“Old news/events”. I analyze some of these narratives in order to show how the Angaité people interpret the consequences of the colonization of the Chaco. For this I provide an intelligible context for the Nanek Any’a that may otherwise appear contradictory or incomprehensible to a non-Angaité listener. The Angaité’s versions of history compared to the official accounts challenge the simplistic of the Angaité as “acculturated” and a homogenous indigenous people and situate them as main actors of their own lives. Rather than the Angaité being the victims of history the Nanek Any’a emphasize that it was the mistakes and failing of their ancestors in their original encounter with the Paraguayans that resulted in an unbalanced relationship with the latter in socio-economic terms. In addition to this, I describe in the light of the historical processes undergone in the lives of the Angaité, how the shamanic discourses and capacities and Angaité cosmology have changed. I explore how they have constantly incorporated external elements, and thus such shamanic elements pervades contemporary areas of life and interactions that include not only the paradigmatic indigenous shaman, but unusual figures such as pastors, powerful outsiders and leaders.

No description available.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

L’épidémie de tabagisme est responsable de la mort de millions de personnes et malgré cela, la consommation mondiale de produits du tabac ne cesse d’augmenter. La majorité des fumeurs vivent aujourd’hui dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire, et les maladies non-transmissibles liées au tabac représentent un important fardeau pour ces systèmes de santé. L’Amérique du Sud n’y échappe pas et un fait très préoccupant est certainement la prévalence élevée chez les adolescents de cette région. La présente étude visait à évaluer l’effet du prix des cigarettes et de l’exposition à la publicité en faveur du tabac sur le tabagisme des adolescents d’Amérique du Sud, et ce à partir des données du Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Les niveaux d’exposition à la publicité et les prix auto-déclarés ont été utilisés pour modéliser ces relations, et les comportements tabagiques étudiés étaient l’expérimentation, la participation et la consommation. L’échantillon total comprenait 134 073 répondants provenant de 12 pays. Les résultats de l’étude ont montré que l’exposition à la publicité en faveur du tabac avait un effet positif sur le tabagisme des adolescents, mais contrairement au consensus établi dans la littérature, la relation négative entre le prix des cigarettes et le tabagisme n’a pas été observée de façon convaincante. Des lacunes inhérentes à la base de données utilisée pourraient expliquer ces résultats inattendus, et certains éléments méthodologiques du sondage sont remis en question. / The tobacco epidemic is responsible for the death of millions of people, and despite this fact the consumption of tobacco products is increasing globally. The majority of smokers now live in low-and middle-income countries, and non-communicable diseases linked to tobacco represent an important burden for these health systems. Such is the case for South American countries, and high smoking prevalence among teenagers of this region is also worrying. This study, based on Global Youth Tobacco Survey data, has examined the impact of cigarette prices and exposure to tobacco advertising on smoking among South American adolescents. Self-reported prices and levels of exposure to advertising have been used to model the relationships, and the smoking behaviors studied were experimentation, participation and consumption. The total survey sample included 134, 073 respondents from 12 countries. The results showed that exposure to tobacco advertising had a positive impact on smoking among adolescents. Although there is a clear consensus in the literature about the negative relationship between cigarette prices and smoking, it could not be demonstrated strongly in this study. Problems inherent to the database may explain these unexpected results and some methodological aspects are questioned.

Dans le contexte du réchauffement climatique, les enregistrements paléoclimatiques à différentes échelles temporelles et spatiales apparaissent essentiels pour comprendre les mécanismes du climat. La Patagonie Chilienne (41°S à 56°S) parcourue du Nord au Sud par les Andes représente une contrainte topographique majeure sur les circulations atmosphériques et océaniques. Cette région est la seule qui intercepte la totalité de la ceinture des vents d'ouest austraux et constitue donc une zone clé pour étudier les changements paléoenvironnementaux et comprendre les mécanismes océan-atmosphère et leurs interactions aux moyennes et hautes latitudes de l'hémisphère sud. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs de cette thèse sont : (1) de tester l’analyse pollinique dans les sédiments marins de cette région, (2) d’étudier les modifications des paléoenvironnements continentaux au cours des 20 000 dernières années à partir de deux carottes océaniques de la campagne "PACHIDERME" (MD07-3088 et MD07-3104) et (3) de déterminer leurs liens avec l’activité des vents d’ouest et avec l’influence de ces vents dans l’hémisphère sud et donc sur le climat à l’échelle globale. Les analyses polliniques dans les sédiments marins de surface à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur des fjords de la Patagonie reflètent fidèlement la végétation actuelle développée sur le continent le plus proche, ce qui prouve la validité de la palynologie marine dans cette région. Au niveau de la péninsule de Taitao (46°S), l’expansion des forêts nord patagoniennes après 17.6 ka marque le début de la déglaciation. Cette dernière est interrompue par un évènement froid et humide, l’Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) qui s’exprime ici par le développement des tourbières de Magellan et est lié à l’intensification des vents d’ouest. Le développement de taxons héliophiles à ~11 ka illustre le début de l’Holocène sous des conditions plus chaudes et plus sèches qui sont également enregistrées autour du Fjord de Reloncavi (41°S). Ces conditions persistent jusqu’à ~8-7 ka, puis les changements de végétation aux cours de l’Holocène montrent une variabilité climatique plus importante évoluant vers un climat plus froid et plus humide qui se renforce au nord de la Patagonie après ~6-5 ka puis pendant l’Holocène supérieur. La comparaison de nos résultats avec les données paléoclimatiques de la région souligne les déplacements de la ceinture des vents d’ouest. Après une descente rapide vers le sud au début de la déglaciation, cette ceinture des vents d’ouest remonte vers le nord pendant l’ACR avant de redescendre à nouveau vers le sud à l’Holocène proche de sa position actuelle. Ce phénomène appuie l’hypothèse d’un lien entre les variations du CO2 atmosphérique et la ceinture des vents d’ouest jusqu’au début de l’Holocène. A partir de l’Holocène moyen et supérieur, la ceinture des vents d’ouest s’élargit avec un léger retour vers le nord probablement lié à la mise en place d’El Niño au niveau de l’océan Pacifique tropical. / In the context of global warming, paleoclimate records at different time and spatial scales appear critical to understand climate mechanisms. Chilean Patagonia (41°S to 56°S), crossed by the Andes from north to south, represents a major topographic constraint on ocean and atmospheric circulation. It is the only region that intercepts the entire southern westerly wind belt. Thus it represents a key-area for the study of paleoenvironmental changes in the southern hemisphere and the understanding of ocean-atmosphere mechanisms and their interactions from the mid- to high-latitudes of the southern hemisphere. In this context, the purposes are: (1) to test the pollen analysis on marine surface sediments in this region, (2) to study the continental changes of paleoenvironments during the last 20,000 years from two oceanic cores of the "PACHIDERME" campaign (MD07-3088 and MD07-3104) and (3) to evaluate their links with southern westerly wind belt activity and with the influence of these winds on the southern hemisphere and with the climate at a global scale. The pollen analyses of marine surface sediments in fjords or offshore from Chilean Patagonia reflect the present-day vegetation from the nearby continental area. At the Peninsula of Taitao (46°S), the North Patagonian forest expansion after 17.6 kyr shows the beginning of the deglaciation. This last (period) is interrupted by a wet and cool event, the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR), that was expressed here by development of the Magellanic moorland linked to the southern westerly wind intensification. The expansion of heliophytic taxa at ~11 kyr illustrates the beginning of the Holocene under warmer and drier conditions that are also recorded around the fjord of Reloncavi (41°S). These conditions persisted until ~8-7 kyr, and then the vegetation changes during the Holocene show a larger climate variability toward a cooler and wetter climate that enhances in northern Patagonia later ~6-5 kyr during the Late Holocene. Our results compared with the regional paleoclimatic data highlight the shifts of the southern westerly wind belt. After a rapid southward shift at the beginning of the deglaciation, the southern westerly wind belt returns northward during the ACR before reaching southern latitudes near to their present-day position. This scheme strengthens the inference of the link between atmospheric CO2 variability and the southern westerly wind belt up to the Early Holocene. From the mid and late Holocene, the southern westerly wind belt was displaced northward with a slight return probably linked to the beginning of El Niño recorded in tropical Pacific Ocean.

O Conselho de Defesa Sul-americano tem entre os seus objetivos a busca por uma identidade comum de defesa. Através da organização, diversos mecanismos foram objetivados na garantia de que se obtivesse sucesso nessa busca. Através de sua atuação, a organização tornaria a América do Sul integrada em assuntos sensíveis e complexos como segurança e defesa comuns. Devido à ideia do Conselho de Defesa Sul-americano e a liderança serem brasileiras, procurouse analisar o que se pretendia ao colocar entre os objetivos do Conselho a busca por essa identidade comum de defesa. A partir deste pressuposto, foram utilizadas ferramentas teóricas e metodológicas que fossem adequadas para que essa analise se mostrasse satisfatória. Por se tratar de um assunto que remete tanto aos estudos de segurança e defesa quanto de integração, o marco teórico utilizado discorre sobre as Comunidades de Segurança. A partir desta perspectiva, uma região para se configurar como uma comunidade de segurança necessita que os agentes tenham confiança mútua e a perspectiva de solução pacífica das controvérsias, criando assim uma identidade coletiva. Apesar de serem encontrados elementos que levam a América do Sul a caminhar para se tornar uma comunidade de segurança, esta ainda não o é, assumindo a configuração de um complexo regional de segurança. Através do método da Análise do Discurso, buscou-se encontrar elementos nas falas do ministro Jobim que levassem a compreensão de quais seriam os principais eixos discursos que seriam os principais pilares para o projeto do Conselho de Defesa Sul-americano. As indústrias comuns de defesa, a integração e a identidade foram os eixos discursivos encontrados que tornaram possíveis a percepção que há uma identificação entre os atos de fala, as definições acadêmicas e os objetivos propostos na criação do Conselho que levam a conclusão de que a América do Sul tende a se tornar futuramente uma comunidade de segurança. Por fim, existem adversidades na região que necessitam ser superadas, como os conflitos existentes que remetem desde a descolonização da América do Sul, as diversas iniciativas subregionais de cooperação e integração que deixam aberta a questão de uma possível fragmentação da região. / The South American Defense Council has among its objectives the search for a common defense identity. Through the organization, several mechanisms objectified in ensuring that obtain success in this quest. Through its programs, the organization become South America integrated in sensitive and complex issues such as security and common defense. Because the idea of the South American Defense Council and the leadership are Brazilian, we tried to analyze what intended to put between the objectives of the Council to search for such a common defense identity. From this assumption, they used theoretical and methodological tools that were appropriate for this analysis proved satisfactory. Because it is a subject, which refers both to security, and defense studies as integration, the theoretical framework used discusses the Security Communities. From this perspective, a region to be configured as a security community needs that agents have mutual confidence and the peaceful settlement of disputes in perspective, creating a collective identity. Although they found elements that lead to South America to develop into becoming a security community, this still is not, assuming the configuration of a complex regional security. Through discourse analysis method, we sought to find elements in the statements of Minister Jobim that could lead to understanding what are the main axes speeches that are the main pillars for the design of the South American Defense Council. The common defense industries, integration and identity were discursive axes found that made possible the perception that there is identification between the speech acts, academic definitions and the proposed objectives in the creation of the Council lead to the conclusion that South America tends to become a future security community. Finally, there are adversities in the region that need to overcome, such as the conflicts that lead from the colonization of South America, the various sub-regional initiatives of cooperation and integration that leave open the question of a possible fragmentation of the region.