No description available.

No description available.

The work presented below is a contrastive analysis of Spanish, Russian, and Czech verbal systems, with an emphasis on past tenses and their usage. The study begins by analyzing the concept of aspectuality, which will be proven to be essential in order to understand how tenses are used in Slavic languages, particularly in Russian and Czech. Following this introduction, the above-mentioned verbal systems are described, with special attention given to past tenses. Subsequently, the work presents two independent practical studies, which try to determine the main difficulties for Russian and Czech students when using past tenses in Spanish. In order to achieve this goal, the study has been carried out among students with different levels and backgrounds. Finally, the data collected in this study is used to design a didactic proposal, which aims to cover the main difficulties for these students regarding the use of past tenses in Spanish.

Mon sujet de recherche traite sur la prononciation de l'espagnol comme langue étrangère chez les élèves québécois, sur leurs difficultés concrètes et lignes de correction qui peuvent leur être attribuées. Dans une première partie plus générale, nous traiterons sur l'enseignement de la prononciation, de la place qu'elle occupe dans l'enseignement d'une langue étrangère. Nous croyons que la prononciation est un aspect de la langue qui a été mis de côté pour mettre en valeur la communication. Si une "mauvaise" prononciation n'entrave pas à la compréhension ou à la communication, elle n'est pas corrigée ni travaillée. Nous pouvons donc nous retrouver avec des étudiants ayant un haut niveau d'espagnol mais dont la prononciation connaît certaines lacunes. Nous déterminerons également ce que nous entendons par "meilleure" ou "mauvaise" prononciation, nous nous interrogerons également sur la pertinence de l'enseignement de la phonétique. Nous nous poserons aussi la question sur la place de la prononciation selon la méthodologie didactique utilisée, et analyserons la quantité et qualité des exercices de prononciation présents ou pas dans les manuels scolaires, et s'ils correspondent aux exigences des documents officiels tels le Cadre commun européenne de référence, ou le Plan curricular de l'institut Cervantès. Dans une deuxième partie nous nous questionnons sur les facteurs qui conditionnent l'apprentissage d'une langue et le perfectionnement de la prononciation dans une langue étrangère, car nous croyons que peut importe l'âge de l'étudiant, il y a toujours place à l'amélioration dans la prononciation. Nous nous interrogeons ensuite sur les tendances générales des francophones lors de leur prononciation de l'espagnol, nous ferons une étude contrastive des phonèmes espagnols et français, puis nous étudierons plus en détail les tendances des élèves québécois, car nous croyons que ces derniers sont dotés de certains atouts en comparaison à d'autres francophones. Dans une troisième partie, nous proposons des exercices visant à améliorer la prononciation chez nos élèves, et afin de vérifier l'efficacité de ces exercices, nous enregistrerons des étudiants ayant bénéficié de ces exercices, et d'autres qui n'y auront pas eu droit. Cette étude comparative cherche à prouver que ces exercices aident réellement et qu'ils, ou d'autres exercices de ce genre, devraient être inclus dans l'enseignement. Le questionnaire dont il s'agit s'attarde principalement au phénomène du [r], que nous croyons être un, ou le son le plus difficile à prononcer en espagnol (autant la vibrante simple comme multiple). Bien entendu, une partie de ce chapitre sera consacrée à l'analyse de résultats. / My subject of study is about Spanish as a second language, in French Canadian students, about their difficulties and the correction aid. In a first part, more general, we discuss about teaching pronunciation, the place it has in teaching as a second language. We believe that pronunciation is an aspect in a language that has been left out to emphasize on communication. If a “bad” pronunciation does not interfere in the comprehension or communication, it is not corrected or worked on. We can then find ourselves with students having a very high level in Spanish, but their pronunciation is not as good. We also define what we intend by “better” or “bad” pronunciation, and we also ask ourselves about the pertinence of teaching phonetics. We also interrogate ourselves on the question of the place of pronunciation depending on the didactic methodology, and we analyze the quantity and quality of the pronunciation exercises we find, or not, in scholar manuals, and if they correspond to the demands of the official documents as the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages or the Curricular Plan of Cervantes Institute. In a second part, we ask ourselves about the factors that condition the learning experience of a language, and that is because we believe that no matter the student’s age, there’s always place for amelioration in the pronunciation of a second language. We we’ll also see the French general tendencies in their Spanish pronunciation, and we’ll make a contrastive study on Spanish and French phenomena and then elaborate on French Canadian tendencies, and that is because we believe that they have some sort of vantages in comparison to other French speaking people. In a third and last part, we propose exercises that tend to help our student’s pronunciation, and to verify the efficiency of those exercises, we will record students that beneficiated of those exercises, and others who did not practice. That study wants to prove that those exercises really help, and that they should be included in the teaching and learning experience. The questionnaire we use is especially dedicated to the [r] phenomenon, because we believe it is a, or the most difficult sound to pronounce in Spanish (simple and multiple vibration forms). Of course, a part of this study will be dedicated to the results analysis.

Mon sujet de recherche traite sur la prononciation de l'espagnol comme langue étrangère chez les élèves québécois, sur leurs difficultés concrètes et lignes de correction qui peuvent leur être attribuées. Dans une première partie plus générale, nous traiterons sur l'enseignement de la prononciation, de la place qu'elle occupe dans l'enseignement d'une langue étrangère. Nous croyons que la prononciation est un aspect de la langue qui a été mis de côté pour mettre en valeur la communication. Si une "mauvaise" prononciation n'entrave pas à la compréhension ou à la communication, elle n'est pas corrigée ni travaillée. Nous pouvons donc nous retrouver avec des étudiants ayant un haut niveau d'espagnol mais dont la prononciation connaît certaines lacunes. Nous déterminerons également ce que nous entendons par "meilleure" ou "mauvaise" prononciation, nous nous interrogerons également sur la pertinence de l'enseignement de la phonétique. Nous nous poserons aussi la question sur la place de la prononciation selon la méthodologie didactique utilisée, et analyserons la quantité et qualité des exercices de prononciation présents ou pas dans les manuels scolaires, et s'ils correspondent aux exigences des documents officiels tels le Cadre commun européenne de référence, ou le Plan curricular de l'institut Cervantès. Dans une deuxième partie nous nous questionnons sur les facteurs qui conditionnent l'apprentissage d'une langue et le perfectionnement de la prononciation dans une langue étrangère, car nous croyons que peut importe l'âge de l'étudiant, il y a toujours place à l'amélioration dans la prononciation. Nous nous interrogeons ensuite sur les tendances générales des francophones lors de leur prononciation de l'espagnol, nous ferons une étude contrastive des phonèmes espagnols et français, puis nous étudierons plus en détail les tendances des élèves québécois, car nous croyons que ces derniers sont dotés de certains atouts en comparaison à d'autres francophones. Dans une troisième partie, nous proposons des exercices visant à améliorer la prononciation chez nos élèves, et afin de vérifier l'efficacité de ces exercices, nous enregistrerons des étudiants ayant bénéficié de ces exercices, et d'autres qui n'y auront pas eu droit. Cette étude comparative cherche à prouver que ces exercices aident réellement et qu'ils, ou d'autres exercices de ce genre, devraient être inclus dans l'enseignement. Le questionnaire dont il s'agit s'attarde principalement au phénomène du [r], que nous croyons être un, ou le son le plus difficile à prononcer en espagnol (autant la vibrante simple comme multiple). Bien entendu, une partie de ce chapitre sera consacrée à l'analyse de résultats. / My subject of study is about Spanish as a second language, in French Canadian students, about their difficulties and the correction aid. In a first part, more general, we discuss about teaching pronunciation, the place it has in teaching as a second language. We believe that pronunciation is an aspect in a language that has been left out to emphasize on communication. If a “bad” pronunciation does not interfere in the comprehension or communication, it is not corrected or worked on. We can then find ourselves with students having a very high level in Spanish, but their pronunciation is not as good. We also define what we intend by “better” or “bad” pronunciation, and we also ask ourselves about the pertinence of teaching phonetics. We also interrogate ourselves on the question of the place of pronunciation depending on the didactic methodology, and we analyze the quantity and quality of the pronunciation exercises we find, or not, in scholar manuals, and if they correspond to the demands of the official documents as the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages or the Curricular Plan of Cervantes Institute. In a second part, we ask ourselves about the factors that condition the learning experience of a language, and that is because we believe that no matter the student’s age, there’s always place for amelioration in the pronunciation of a second language. We we’ll also see the French general tendencies in their Spanish pronunciation, and we’ll make a contrastive study on Spanish and French phenomena and then elaborate on French Canadian tendencies, and that is because we believe that they have some sort of vantages in comparison to other French speaking people. In a third and last part, we propose exercises that tend to help our student’s pronunciation, and to verify the efficiency of those exercises, we will record students that beneficiated of those exercises, and others who did not practice. That study wants to prove that those exercises really help, and that they should be included in the teaching and learning experience. The questionnaire we use is especially dedicated to the [r] phenomenon, because we believe it is a, or the most difficult sound to pronounce in Spanish (simple and multiple vibration forms). Of course, a part of this study will be dedicated to the results analysis.

Aprendo ahora para utilizarlo despuésAutonomía del alumno en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjeraLinus Rehnberg FritzSumarioLa adquisición de lenguas modernas ocurre cada vez más fuera del aula, pero a muchos alumnos todavía lesfaltala capacidad de valorar y utilizarla información disponible.Por una parte, el informe de Gymnasieutredningenpropone que la participación activa del alumno sea una parte obligatoria del currículo. Por otra parte, muchosalumnos interrumpen sus estudios de español como lengua modernacoincidiendo en la necesidad que tienen de recibir más ayuda de laque se le proporciona actualmente. Por ello pretendemos investigar acerca de la autonomía de los alumnos en la asignatura de español como lengua moderna en el instituto en Suecia. La hipótesis de este trabajo se basa en que los alumnos no tienen suficiente apoyo para desarrollar la autonomía.Para comprobar la hipótesis formulamostres preguntas de investigación que ocupan los aspectos de: (1) cómo y en qué grado el trabajo de forma autonómica aparece en el aula, (2)el profesor como ayuda en el desarrollo de la autonomía en el aula y (3) los motivos subyacentes del trabajo de forma autonómica. Para responder a las preguntas hicimos dos observaciones en elaulay tres entrevistas con alumnos de nivel 3 de español como lengua moderna. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos no realizanmuchas acciones de forma autonómica durante las observaciones, pero que la tendencia atrabajar de forma colaborativa fue el rasgo más característico del trabajo autonómico. Además, observamos que el profesor no dedica suficiente tiempo al trabajo preparatoriopara estimularla autonomía de los alumnos. Finalmente, se deriva de las entrevistas que los motivos que llevan al desarrollo del trabajo de forma autonómica se relacionancon el propósitodel alumocon los estudios yla propia capacidadde estos para llevarlos a cabo.

This study examined how in-service teachers transformed professionally and personally as a result of participation in the International Teacher to Teacher Exchange Program (ITTTE). Six teachers, 3 from the U.S. and 3 from Guatemala, were paired. Each pair spent a total of 8 weeks together, in each other's countries, over the course of 2 years. The pairs reciprocated home stays, school engagement, and cultural learning in three cohorts; 2012-2014, 2014-2016, 2016-2018. In 2018, each participant engaged in a structured interview tailored to the ten meaning phases of Mezirow's transformative learning theory (TLT). The data were analyzed deductively, through the application of the ten meaning phases of transformation. The data were also analyzed inductively to determine additional themes of transformation. The deductive findings revealed 5 out of 6 participants experienced full transformative learning. All 3 Guatemalan teachers transformed professionally with new understandings of mathematics pedagogy. Two U.S. teachers transformed personally, one by learning how to be a more caring teacher and the other by overcoming shyness to engage as a relational teacher. The third U.S. teacher adopted the point of view that speaking a second language had value. The inductive analysis revealed emerged themes of learning, language, relationships, and program affecting others as evident in transformed frames of reference, habits of mind and points of view. Due to the range of participation years, latent effects were noted. The ITTTE was shown to influence transformation in teachers' personal and professional development. TLT was effective in revealing participant transformation within the ITTTE.

[ES] Debido al creciente interés por el español como lengua académica y profesional en la universidad china, la presente propuesta de investigación tiene como punto de partida el análisis de rasgos seleccionados de correos electrónicos escritos por estudiantes universitarios chinos que estudian español como lengua extranjera. Dado que es una herramienta de comunicación básica en su interacción académica, facilitaría el aprendizaje de la escritura de textos, en especial los cibergéneros. Basando en un análisis estadístico, el análisis se centra en las teorías de la lingüística textual (marcadores discursivos y el registro) y la lingüística aplicada (la cortesía, las expresiones de los elementos culturales entre el chino y el español y la enseñanza del español como segunda lengua), desde las perspectivas del género discursivo, la propiedad del texto, la pragmática. El objetivo general de la investigación del análisis de dicho corpus tendrá en cuenta tanto el componente lingüístico como el intercultural, con el fin de llevar a cabo la propuesta de un modelo de análisis pedagógico comparativo con el que se pretende mejorar la enseñanza del español escrito de estos estudiantes universitarios. La investigación se justifica, por tanto, por la carencia de estudios de este tipo de discurso que presenta características textuales propias, así como por el auge de los estudios de español en China. En el contexto virtual, pueden experimentar el uso del idioma a partir de unas convenciones lingüísticas que difieren en ambas culturas, pero, al mismo tiempo, estableciendo unas pautas gracias a las cuales puedan mejorar su aprendizaje de la lengua española. En concreto, al principio, se presenta la necesidad de divulgar la destreza en el uso del CE en el aula universitaria china. Luego, se concentra en los conocimientos académicos relacionados, finalmente basándose en el resultado de práctica pedagógica, se consigue el programa definitivo. El principal resultado de la tesis es obtener un programa útil en el aula china que sirva a los universitarios chinos a llevar a cabo un acto comunicativo intercultural a través del CE en español de forma más fluida, aceptable y con menos malentendidos. En total, se han recopilado 115 correos electrónicos, aunque están relacionados con unos conocimientos académicos demasiados básicos, comparados por distintas perspectivas, presentan faltas en el uso de correo electrónicos, por supuesto, esta carencia es un paso hacia el aprendizaje. / [EN] Due to the growing interest in Spanish as an academic and professional language in the Chinese university, this research proposal has as a starting point for the analysis of selected traits of Emails written by Chinese university students studying Spanish as a foreign language. Since it is a basic communication tool in its academic interaction, it would facilitate the learning of text writing, especially cybergenres. Based on a statistical analysis, the analysis focuses on theories of textual linguistics (discursive markers and registration) and applied linguistics (courtesy, expressions of cultural elements between Chinese and Spanish and teaching Spanish as a second language), from the perspectives of the discursive genre, ownership of the text, pragmatics. The general objective of the research of the analysis of said corpus will take into account both the linguistic and intercultural components, in order to carry out the proposal of a model of comparative pedagogical analysis with which it is intended to improve the teaching of written Spanish of these university students. The research is therefore justified by the lack of studies of this type of discourse that has its textual characteristics, as well as by the rise of Spanish studies in China. In the virtual context, they can experience the use of language from linguistic conventions that differ in both cultures, but at the same time establishing guidelines thanks to which they can improve their learning of the Spanish language. In particular, at first, there is a requirement to disclose the prowess in the use of the Email in the Chinese university classroom. Then, he concentrates on the related academic knowledge, finally based on the result of pedagogical practice, the final program is achieved. The main result of the thesis is to produce a functional program in the Chinese classroom that serves Chinese university students to carry out an intercultural communicative act through the Email in Spanish in a more fluid, acceptable and with less misunderstanding. In total, 115 emails have been collected, although they are related to over-basic academic knowledge, compared to diverse perspectives, they have shortages in the use of e-mail, of course, this lack is a move towards learning. / [CA] A causa del creixent interés en l'espanyol com a idioma acadèmic i professional en la universitat xinesa, aquesta proposta d'investigació té com a punt de partida l'anàlisi de trets seleccionats de correus electrònics escrits per estudiants universitaris xinesos que estudien espanyol com a llengua estrangera. Atés que és una eina de comunicació bàsica en la seua interacció acadèmica, facilitaria l'aprenentatge de l'escriptura de textos, especialment els cibergéneres. Basat en una anàlisi estadística, l'anàlisi se centra en les teories de la lingüística textual (marcadors discursius i registre) i la lingüística aplicada (cortesia, expressions d'elements culturals entre xinés i espanyol i l'ensenyament de l'espanyol com a segona llengua), des de les perspectives del gènere discursiu, propietat del text i pragmàtica. Respecte a la investigació d'aquest corpus, l'objectiu general tindrà en compte els components lingüístics i interculturals, per a dur a terme la proposta d'un model d'anàlisi pedagògica comparativa amb el qual es pretén millorar l'ensenyament de l'espanyol escrit d'aquests estudiants universitaris. Per tant, la investigació es justifica per la falta d'estudis d'aquesta mena de discurs que té les seues característiques textuals, així com per l'augment dels estudis espanyols a la Xina. En el context virtual, poden experimentar l'ús de l'idioma a partir de convencions lingüístiques que difereixen en totes dues cultures, però al mateix temps estableixen pautes gràcies a les quals poden millorar el seu aprenentatge de l'idioma espanyol. En particular, al principi, existeix el requisit de revelar la destresa en l'ús del correu electrònic a l'aula universitària xinesa. Després, es concentra en el coneixement acadèmic relacionat, finalment basat en el resultat de la pràctica pedagògica, s'aconsegueix el programa final. El principal resultat de la tesi és produir un programa funcional a l'aula xinesa que serveix a estudiants universitaris xinesos per a dur a terme un acte comunicatiu intercultural a través del correu electrònic en espanyol d'una manera més fluida, acceptable i amb menys malentesos. / Hu, C. (2020). El Correo Electrónico en el Aprendizaje del Español como Lengua Extranjera(L2) en Estudiantes Universitarios Chinos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/153134

No description available.

The current thesis is based on four individual studies which aim to account for the expression of motion events (ME) in Spanish and Swedish as first languages (L1), in Swedish as a second language (L2), and in Spanish as a heritage language (SHL). The data, resulting from audio-recordings of different sorts of stimuli, have been analyzed with special focus on (1) the most common structures used for referring to various types of ME, (2) the types and amount of information provided by the participants, in particular as regards the semantic components Path, Manner and Ground, and (3) grammatical aspect and types of syntactic structures resorted to, including the correlation between the two latter factors and speakers’ discursive preferences.      Study 1 sets out to explore how Spanish and Swedish native speakers convey information about motion. The results show that the Swedish L1 speakers produced a wider range of descriptions concerning Manner and Path than the Spanish L1 speakers; furthermore, both groups delivered detailed Ground descriptions, although the Swedish native speakers expressed final destinations (endpoints) of ME to a greater extent.      Study 2 aims to investigate to what extent Swedish L1 patterns for motion encoding are still at play in the acquisition of Spanish L2 even at advanced stages of L2 acquisition. The results show that the learner group used a larger amount of Path particles and Ground adjuncts (in particular those referring to endpoints) than did the Spanish natives; this finding supports the claim that L2 learners rely on the lexicalization patterns of their L1 when describing ME in an L2. As for Manner, the L2 speakers were found to express this component mainly outside the verb, and to deliver more information about Manner than the Spanish natives.      Study 3 addresses the construal of ME in Swedish speakers of L2 Spanish, in particular concerning the encoding of motion endpoints and Manner of motion. The results show that the Swedish learners of Spanish exhibited the same, high frequencies of endpoint marking as did their monolingual Swedish peers, thus deviating from the Spanish native pattern. Moreover, the L2 speakers used the same amount of Manner verbs as did the Spanish natives but tended consistently to provide additional Manner information in periphrastic constructions.      Finally, Study 4 sets out to analyze the ways in which L1 Spanish/L2 Swedish early and late bilinguals express ME in SHL. The aim is to show in which ways and to what extent the typological patterns for motion encoding in the L2 may impact on motion encoding in the L1 with regard to three parameters: (1) age of onset (AO) of the acquisition of L2, (2) length of residence (LoR) in the L2 environment and (3) contact level with the L1 (CL). The focus data, consisting of oral re-tellings produced by the bilinguals, were compared to analogous data produced by two control groups (native speakers of Spanish and Swedish) in order to analyze conflation patterns regarding Manner, Path and Ground information. The analysis points to the conclusion that both the individuals’ AO of L2 acquisition and their LoR in the L2 environment have affected their L1 conceptualization patterns while their CL plays a subordinate role.      In summary, the findings lend support to the idea that the habitual conceptualization of events in the L1 influences L2 acquisition; conversely, the conceptual patterns of the L2 have an impact on L1 usage in bilinguals, especially in combination with an early AO and a long LoR. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: In press.</p>