Rural areas, globally, are characterized as poor regions, with two-thirds of the world’s poor people residing in rural areas. In South Africa, 70 percent of the poor population or 3.6 million households, live in rural areas. In the last three State of the Nation Addresses (SONA) in South Africa by President Zuma since 2011, rural development has been placed high on government’s developmental agenda. The formulation of a comprehensive rural development policy, with coordinated implementation by all spheres of government is however still lacking. This research project was undertaken to explore solutions for the revival and development of rural areas in South Africa. The northern Free State region was selected as the geographical focus area and “testing ground” for the research. Rural South Africa has been deteriorating over the last few decades mainly due to globalization and urbanization. Two specific tools to achieve accelerated rural development were identified and analysed namely, local economic development (LED) and spatial planning. The research has shown that rural development is a complicated and difficult process. It is not only about agriculture and economic development, but also about other aspects such as spatial planning, social development, the environment, politics and public management aspects. For the purpose of the research, the theoretical statement was stated as “the chronic state of underdevelopment, poverty and unemployment, especially in rural South Africa, with a specific focus on the northern Free State, can be turned around by means of the implementation of revitalization strategies, which include innovative policies and programmes of LED and spatial planning”. Rural development requires strong committed local leaders and “champions”, skills, patience and funding. The research methodology included a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the concepts relating to rural development, as well as global and local case studies. Local rural development policies were also analysed as currently being implemented by government. Primary research included a community socio-economic survey in the study area to determine levels of rural poverty, unemployment, services delivered by local government and skills. In this survey of poor rural areas and the socio-economic analysis of the northern Free State, it was found that: • close to 50% of all households were living in poverty, • 50.7% of all households lack employment, • 40% of households have an income of less than R 1 500 per month, • The average annual household income in the area relates to just less than R20 000, • The ratio between formal and informal jobs is 1: 0.25, which indicates a low level of informal job opportunities, • Most job opportunities are found in agriculture, manufacturing, community services and households. • The tourism sector only provides in 3.1% of the regional GDP. Local business chambers were also visited in order to determine their perceptions of rural development and local government as well as the level of partnerships with the various local authorities in the area. It was found that partnership formation and cooperation between local business chambers and local authorities in the region were limited, although business chambers are willing to cooperate and assist. Rural development needs a coordinated effort and partnerships between government, business and communities. The focus of the research was on the finding of possible solutions for rural development. Solutions such as a rapid rural assessment (RRA) and a strategy for the study area, which has been provided to the specific local government for implementation, have been formulated. Globally and locally no universally accepted definition of rural concepts such as rural development and rural regions exist. Definitions and classifications of rural areas were formulated for South African conditions. A major component of the research is the proposed rural development model known as the “Feza iSimangaliso” model. Pillars for rural development and best practice aspects for rural development were also formulated. Some of the main findings of the research regarding general rural development aspects are listed below: • Rural regions are slowly but surely becoming in “fashion” as popular regions again due to a number of reasons such as quality environments, the need for a sense of community and belonging and food security. • Well formulated strategic rural development strategies, which are implementable in a coordinated way, can make a positive impact. Rural areas could be seen as a viable alternative, but requires strong governance, especially at the local sphere. • The integration of spatial planning and LED could lead to accelerate rural development, especially when national policy exists and are implemented in a coordinated manner. • The creation of jobs will lead to improved quality of life. Labour intensive sectors of the economy such as tourism, agriculture including agro-processing, manufacturing and retail should be the focus of an economic strategy. • Rural development is dependent on hard and soft infrastructure provision and strong local government. • Rural development must be people centred, with the utilization of local indigenous knowledge. • Rural towns are critical for rural regional development and creation of rural-urban linkages. • The “pull factors” to rural areas include quality of life and environment, sense of belonging, unique culture and history, and a positive economic environment. Future research projects could include more detailed research on the study area and provision of assistance to the relevant local municipalities. A possible rural development matrix will be developed for the evaluation of the level of development and gaps in the development of a rural region. In conclusion, successful rural development planning must be based on strategic planning principles for implementation in order to prevent ad hoc implementation of isolated projects with limited impacts. / PhD (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

Förtätning är en stadsplanestrategi som fått stort genomslag i Sverige, men som enligt Bunce (2018), Rådberg (2014) och Boverket (2016a, 2016b) kan medföra gentrifiering. Boverket (2016a, 2016b) har uppmanat till hantering av gentrifiering vid förtätning av centrala områden. Hur förhåller sig kommunal planering till gentrifiering som en av förtätningens konsekvenser? Den här kandidatuppsatsen i samhällsplanering vill påbörja ett svar på den frågan. Studien angriper frågan genom en diskursanalytisk fallstudie av plandokument och mötesprotokoll från Gävle kommun. Kommunen studeras därför att förtätning är en huvudstrategi för kommunens bostadsförsörjning i dess översiktsplan från 2017 (Gävle kommun, 2017). Materialet består av utdrag ur planbeskrivningar (Gävle kommun, 2014-2018), översiktsplan för 2030 (Gävle kommun, 2017), riktlinjer för bostadsförsörjning (Gävle kommun, 2013) och mötesprotokoll från kommunala beslutsorgan som hanterat dessa frågor (Gävle kommun 2014-2018). Med en kombination av olika diskursanalytiska verktyg och teorier samt ett kodschema plockas centrala teman och värdeladdningar ut ur textmassan, och gentrifiering (i tre betydelser) och dess synonymer eftersöks. Resultatet visar att ämnet gentrifiering förekommer mycket sparsamt i diskursen, och påvisar dessutom att beskrivningar av sociala konsekvenser domineras av positiva ordalag. Resultatet jämförs med Kurzons (2007) och Huckins (2002) kriterier för tystnad och manipulativ tystnad. Därefter dras slutsatsen att diskursen präglas av tystnad i ämnet gentrifiering, och att denna tystnad kan kvalificera sig som manipulativ. Studien föreslår en kombination av rådande stadsbyggnadsideal, kvantitativ målsättning för bostadsbyggande, och lagställda krav som möjlig förklaring, men påtalar behovet av vidare forskning kring den bredare diskursens innehåll och dess orsaker. / Urban densification has become a prevalent strategy of city planning in Sweden. Urban intensification is also a strategy which, according to Bunce (2018), Rådberg (2014) and the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (2016a, 2016b) runs the risk of resulting in gentrification. The Swedish National Board advices that gentrification should be considered when urban densification is implemented in central areas (Boverket, 2016a, 2016b). In what way do Swedish municipalities address the issue in their city planning? This Bachelors Degree essay is an attempt at beginning to answer that question. The study applies discourse analysis and takes the form of a case study of the municipality of Gävle. It focuses on central urban densification for housing purposes, and studies excerpts from planning documents on different geographical scales, combined with protocol from municipal policy meetings. All materials used are within the public domain. The study uses three different definitions of gentrification (Hamnett, 2003; Marcuse, 2015; Boverket 2016a, 2016b). Combining different methods of discourse analysis, the study pinpoints any discussion regarding gentrification or its synonyms, as well as the overall themes and values present within the text. The study finds that gentrification is sparingly mentioned within the material, and in addition notes that social consequences are predominantly described as being positive. The findings are compared to definitions of silence (Huckin, 2002; Kurzon, 2007), and to Huckin’s (2002) criteria for manipulative silence. The study concludes that the absence of gentrification and of negative social impact within the discourse qualifies as silence, and that this silence fits the criteria for manipulative silence. It is speculated that the silence may be caused by a combination of urban planning ideals, pressure to prepare for a large number of dwellings, and demands made by the laws that regulate urban planning. Further study is recommended to broaden the studied discourse and to examine the cause of the silence found in this study.

In this thesis was created a medium-term draft of actions for the local development needs of village Staré Město pod Landštejnem based on economic, social and organizational possibilities that the village has. This draft was based on the analysis of themes from a questionnaire survey among residents of the village, interviews with local actors, existing development documents related to the community and the author's own ideas. A part of this thesis is the geographical characteristics of the village area and the analysis of literature dealing with the countryside, especially its local and regional development, spatial planning and territorial development of rural settlements and the surrounding landscape, including the analysis of materials prepared for the municipality. Another important output of the thesis is to summarize and supply the existing principles for spatial and landscape planning in the village.

Cette thèse repose sur la mise en exergue du concept d’intermédiation territoriale, considérée comme une dynamique relationnelle et organisationnelle entre acteurs locaux, variable dans le temps et dans l’espace. Le territoire, fruit des interactions et des constructions sociales, jouant ici comme un véritable révélateur de leurs comportements, de leurs pratiques et des processus qui les animent. La réflexion focalise sur l’inscription spatiale des activités économiques, de même que sur les rapports entre acteurs territoriaux qui conduisent à sa formation et sa gestion. La planification stratégique spatialisée, en tant que vision à moyen-long terme de l’organisation spatiale des activités, constitue aussi bien l’objet privilégié d’analyse de ce travail, qu’une porte d’entrée permettant d’interroger le rapprochement entre les pratiques en aménagement et les politiques de développement économique à l’échelle locale. L’enjeu est de pouvoir observer et analyser les cohérences qui sont à l’oeuvre, et demandées à la PSS, autant qu’une nécessité accrue de durabilité. Dans quelles mesures la planification stratégique spatialisée, orchestrée par l’action publique locale, s’inscrit-elle dans un processus d’intermédiation territoriale, voire de façon plus générale, de développement territorial durable ? / This thesis is therefore based on the emphasis of the concept of territorial intermediation we consider a relational and organizational dynamics between local actors, variable in time and space The territory, the result of interactions and social constructs, playing here as a true indication of their behaviors, practices and processes that drive them. Reflecting our focus on spatial registration economic activities, as well as the relationship between territorial actors that lead to its formation and management. The strategic spatial planning as a vision in the medium - long term spatial organization of activities, also constitutes the privileged object of this work as input to query the connection between the door management practices and policies of economic development at the local level. The challenge is to observe and analyze the consistency, required the PSS, as an increased need for sustainability. To what extent the strategic spatial planning, orchestrated by the local public action, it enrolled in a territorial intermediation process, or more generally, for sustainable territorial development ?

Le concept de « réseau écologique » souligne l'importance de la connectivité écologique entre différents espaces naturels. Produit des évolutions historiques des pratiques de conservation et des nouvelles découvertes scientifiques, ce concept propose une nouvelle manière d'appréhender la protection de la nature. De nombreuses initiatives de « réseaux écologiques » ont ainsi lieu à travers le monde, notamment dans les Alpes. Elles témoignent de cette nouvelle conception de la protection de la nature, qui dépasse la simple conservation d'espèces pour s'orienter vers la préservation de systèmes écologiques. L'application de ce concept est étudiée dans trois régions alpines en Allemagne, Suisse et France. Sur ces territoires, de nombreuses initiatives différentes viennent se superposer, engendrant des questionnements quant à la coordination et la coopération entre ces divers échelles, acteurs, actions et les objectifs qui en découlent. En plus de ses impacts purement écologiques, la démarche de réalisation de réseaux écologiques semble également offrir un potentiel particulier allant au-delà des objectifs liés à la protection de la nature. Ce sont également ces autres effets fortuits qui sont au cœur de la recherche : le potentiel mobilisateur de l'outil offrant des possibilités particulières de gouvernance territoriale, les liens existants et potentiels avec l'aménagement du territoire, et les nouvelles logiques d'acteurs. Le concept de réseaux écologiques est venu bouleverser les pratiques de protection de la nature entrainant des modifications de la perception de la nature par la société et transformant ainsi également la relation entre la société et la nature. / The concept of “ecological networks” emphasises the importance of ecological connectivity between different natural areas. As a result of the historical evolutions of nature conservation practices and new scientific evidence this concept provides a new approach to nature protection. Numerous initiatives of “ecological networks” exist worldwide and also in the Alps. They are evidence of this new conception of nature protection going beyond the conservation of single species aiming the protection of functioning ecosystems. The implementation of this concept is analysed in three alpine regions in Germany, Switzerland and France. In these regions various different initiatives are overlapping one another generating interrogations concerning the coordination and cooperation between the different scales, actors, actions and related aims. In addition to the pure ecological impacts the creation of ecological networks seems to offer a particular potential going beyond the general objectives related to nature protection. These additional casual effects are in the centre of this research: the potential of the tool to mobilise various categories of different actors, the particular possibilities of regional governance, the prospective and existing links with spatial planning. The concept of ecological networks has completely changed nature protection practice inducing modifications of the perception of nature by society and therefore of the relation between society and nature.

The territory serves as an indicator of the quality in which the State manages land use. Based on the concepts of planning, spatial planning and transportation planning, seen from the perspective of the State action, and understanding the transport networks as a key element in the organization of the territory, we described the importance of transport in the Brazilian historical and spatial constitution. Considering elements and characteristics of the Brazilian territory at the beginning of the 21th century, as well as transport networks data, public policies and State institutions responsible for its management, we aimed at describing and understanding the recent performance of the Brazilian State in transport planning from the perspective of spatial planning. As a point of comparison, we studied European transport policies, as well as its recent performance, particularly the Portuguese case, enabling us to trace points of convergence and divergence in relation to the Brazilian case. / O mote para esta tese é a constatação de que o território serve de indicador da qualidade da gestão que sobre ele é empreendida. Partindo dos conceitos de território, o ordenamento territorial e o planejamento de transportes, vistos sob a ótica da ação do estatal, e entendendo as redes de transportes como elemento fundamental na organização do território, buscou-se reconstituir a importância dos transportes na formação sócio-espacial brasileira. Com base em elementos e características do território brasileiro neste início do século XXI, bem como dados das redes de transportes, das políticas de Estado e das instituições responsáveis por sua gestão, objetivou-se descrever e compreender a atuação recente do Estado brasileiro em planejamento de transportes sob a ótica do ordenamento do território. Como ponto de comparação, foram estudadas as políticas europeias de transportes, bem como sua atuação recente, particularmente o caso português, permitindo traçar pontos de convergência e divergência em relação ao caso brasileiro. / Doutor em Geografia

The aim of this diploma thesis was to describe and analyze the specific problems of developing rural village Purkarec. The work was approached from the perspective of spatial planning and land consolidation. These procedures were applied in the preparation of various projects. The selected area was described in terms of natural and cultural values and in terms of rural infrastructure. Described are the land use limits, which is a limiting factor for development. By using SWOT analysis were solve specific problems and their projects were designed. The analysis resulted in opportunities of development especially in tourism - the construction cycle ways, the implementation of the ferry. It also highlights the need of implement land consolidation. Also the future construction of houses is essential. The construction of cycle ways should be focused by their multi-functionality of the proposal. Maintenance plans are mainly limiting to possibility of building additional housing, the principles were established sufficiently friendly to nature and landscape character. Selected rural development projects were evaluated according to the most important local area factors. Using the assessment was drawn up a timetable for implementation of individual projects. The enclosures of the thesis are maps created in ArcGIS program. The maps express the relationships of development measures in this location.

O setor público de planejamento de uso e ocupação do solo dispõe de instrumentos para regular o desenvolvimento, como o Plano de Bacia Hidrográfica - PBH, que atua em âmbito regional e os Planos Diretores Municipais - PD, em âmbito municipal, os quais possuem sobreposição de interesses e áreas de gerenciamento. Contudo, o Estado de São Paulo ainda encontra dificuldades em estabelecer conexões entre PBHs e PDs. Apesar de serem peças importantes para o disciplinamento do uso e ocupação do solo, não apresentam interação, ocasionando um descompasso e desarticulação de agentes institucionais com poderes de decisão na área ambiental e, consequentemente, na implementação das decisões tomadas. Assim, a presente tese investiga a possibilidade de integração do Plano Diretor Municipal com o Plano de Bacia Hidrográfica, pertencentes à mesma Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos a partir da aplicação da Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica. A metodologia do trabalho parte das experiências internacionais de planejamento territorial por planos diretores municipais ou regionais e de aplicação de AAE neste campo do conhecimento, tendo como referência o sistema adotado na Escócia. O arcabouço concebido foi aplicado para desenvolver diretrizes para ser utilizado na Bacia Hidrográfica do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo. Na análise foram contempladas as etapas de elaboração dos distintos instrumentos, os dados utilizados, os momentos de interlocução entre os setores responsáveis e partes interessadas, os mecanismos de verificação de implementação e monitoramento, e os direcionamentos finais dados por todos os instrumentos. Foram identificadas as compatibilidades e incongruências caracterizadas pela aplicação dos instrumentos de planejamento, tendo como resultados positivos do caso escocês o estabelecimento de autoridades consultivas, a aprovação do processo por órgãos externos, e as diretrizes do plano local vinculadas ao planejamento regional, sinalizando para possíveis melhorias dos procedimentos adotados no Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo. / The land use planning has different tools to guide the spatial development, as River Basin Management Plan in the regional scale and Local Development Plan in the municipal scale, which overlaps in area and issues of management. However, the São Paulo State has troubles to connect them. Both River Basin Management Plan and Local Development Plan are important to regulate the land use, but they are not integrated accurately by public government with consequences in the planning implementation. This thesis looks for Strategic Environmental Assessment\'s efficiency applied to connect the Local Development Plan with River Basin Management Plan in the same management area. The methodology analyses the international experience in spatial planning by the Strategic Environmental Assessment expertise, and puts the Scottish Management as reference to North Coast of São Paulo State. The analysis contemplates planning procedures, baselines, public participation, monitoring, implementation strategies and planning results. There are compatibilities and divergences of both planning tools and among the positive results of Scottish planning are the adoptions of consult authorities during the planning elaboration, the planning processs external approbation, and the local planning decisions linked by regional planning results. The Scottish expertise could be useful to improve the planning practice in the North Coast of the São Paulo.

公共圖書館是兒童主要獲取資訊及知識的場所，對於兒童而言，圖書館兒童閱讀空間閱讀氛圍的營造與空間規劃設計又為影響到兒童對於圖書館使用意願的關鍵。理想的兒童閱讀空間應該不論在閱讀空間設計、家具及設備安排、分齡分眾功能劃分上，都應該能呼應兒童及家長等使用者的需求，以吸引他們到圖書館來親近使用，並幫助兒童在利用圖書館的過程中培養閱讀的樂趣。本研究旨在建構適合公共圖書館兒童閱讀空間的原則及構面指標，以作為國內公共圖書館未來規劃及建置兒童閱讀空間時的參考。 　　本研究研究目的有四點：（一）以兒童需求中心探討圖書館兒童閱讀空間設計原則；（二）探討兒童與父母對圖書館兒童閱讀空間設計原則的認知；（三）探討兒童與父母對圖書館兒童閱讀空間的使用與滿意度；（四）探討影響兒童與父母對圖書館兒童閱讀空間滿意度的影響因素，以作為公共圖書館未來在兒童閱讀空間上的規劃參考。 　　為獲得研究結果，本研究首先分析國內外有關公共圖書館兒童閱讀空間規劃案例，並透過文獻分析法與訪談法具體建構出三構面19項指標，以及「公共圖書館兒童閱讀空間需求及滿意度調查問卷」作為研究工具。研究問卷並針對臺北市立圖書館總館及所屬分館的兒童閱讀空間進行發放，獲得以下結論：（一）兒童閱讀空間經過空間改善後多能滿足使用者期待；（二）兒童對圖書館服務需求多元，並非僅限閱讀；（三）安全性、共讀空間、閱讀氛圍營造會影響兒童使用意願；（四）安全性、家具樣式及哺集乳室的設置最受使用者滿意；（五）使用者認為圖書館應關注不同年齡的兒童及家長需求，增加團體討論室，區隔討論區與閱讀區。 / A public library is a major place where children can have access to information and knowledge. For children, the creation of a reading atmosphere and the spatial planning and design in the children's reading space at the library are the key to their willingness to use libraries. An ideal children’s reading space should be able to respond to the needs of children and parents and other users, whether in reading space design, furniture and equipment arrangement, or facilities for different age groups, so as to attract them to the library and encourage them to read for pleasure in the process of using the library. This study aims to establish the principles and dimension indicators for the children's reading space at the public library, which can serve as a reference for future planning and construction of children's reading spaces at public libraries in Taiwan. 　　The purposes of this study are to explore (1) the design principles behind the children's reading space at the library from the perspective of children's needs; (2) children's and parents’ perceptions of the design principles behind the children's reading space at the library; (3) children’s and parents’ use of and satisfaction with the children's reading space at the library, and (4) factors in children’s and parents’ satisfaction with the children's reading space at the library, in order to provide a reference for future planning of children's reading spaces at public libraries. 　　In order to obtain research results, this study first analyzed the cases of children's reading space planning at public libraries at home and abroad, and developed three dimensions and 19 indicators through literature review and interviews, as well as used as a research tool the Public Library Children's Reading Space Requirements and Satisfaction Questionnaire. The questionnaire was also distributed to the children’s reading spaces at Taipei Main Public Library and its branches, thereby reaching the following conclusions: (1) most of children's reading spaces can meet users’ expectations after the improvement of space; (2) children's demand for library services is diversified and not limited to reading; (3) safety, the family reading area, and the reading atmosphere have influence on children's willingness to use; (4) most users are satisfied with safety, the furniture style, and the establishment of a lactation room, and (5) users believe that the library should focus on the needs of children and parents of different ages, and increase group discussion rooms, and separate discussion areas from reading areas.

Examensarbetet har genomförts som en Minor Field Study (MFS), i Kina med fokus på hållbar fysisk planering. Begreppet hållbar utveckling är omfattande varför arbetet har begränsats att belysa fyra viktiga områden med stark koppling till fysisk planering; Energi, Transport, Vatten och Avfall. Examensarbetet har delats upp i två delar; Teori och Fältstudie - Shidao. Utvecklingen i Kina går snabbt och städer växer med en rasande fart i en process som många gånger dominerats av kortsiktigt ekonomiskt fokus. Under senare år har fysisk planering med fokus på hållbar utveckling uppmärksammats. Hållbarhetsbegreppet har bland annat sin utgångspunkt i det ekologiska kretsloppet. Industrialiseringen har inneburit kraftigt ökad energiförbrukning i Kina och kol används i stor utsträckning vilket är en av orsakerna till ökade föroreningar i landet. 16 av världens 20 mest förorenade städer ligger i Kina och lösningen på problemet är bl.a. förnyelsebara energikällor och att hushålla med energin. Den kraftigt ökande efterfrågan på bilar och ökade trafikmängderna orsakar allvarliga problem med föroreningar i storstäder runt om i Kina. Välfungerande kollektivtrafik lyfts fram som ett viktigt element i ett hållbart samhälle samtidigt som gång- och cykeltrafik ska uppmuntras och prioriteras i den fysiska planeringen. Hantering av vatten och avfall får också stora konsekvenser i den snabba utveckling som Kina står i. Efterfrågan på vatten ökar samtidigt som det uppstår stora problem med förorenat vatten. Dagvattenhanteringen är ett viktigt område där fysisk planering kan spela en avgörande roll. Vad gäller avfallshanteringen måste mängden avfall minskas samtidigt som allt mer av avfallet återanvänds eller återvinns. Följande referensområden har studerats med syfte att lyfta fram stadsutvecklingsprojekt med fokus på hållbarhet: Bo01/Västra hamnen i Malmö, Viikki i Helsingfors och Luodian Town i Shanghai. Cheklista som utgångspunkt för fältstudien i Shidao, Kina: Energi NYTTJA FÖRNYELSEBARA ENERGIKÄLLOR EFFEKTIV DISTRIBUTIONSTEKNOLOGI ENERGI-EFFEKTIVT BYGGANDE UPPMUNTRA TEKNOLOGI/SYSTEM FÖR ÅTERANVÄNDNING INFORMATION OCH MEDBORGARDELTAGANDE Transport PRIORITERA KOLLEKTIVTRAFIK UPPMUNTRA MILJÖVÄNLIG FORDONSTEKNIK MINSKA BILANVÄNDNING UPPMUNTRA GÅNG- OCH CYKELTRAFIK Vatten SÄKRA PRODUKTION OCH DISTRIBUTION RENA DAGVATTNET FÖRHINDRA ÖVERSVÄMNING BIDRA TILL MÅNGFALD OCH ESTETISKA VÄRDEN Avfall MINSKA, ÅTERANVÄND, ÅTERVINN FÖRBÄTTRADE, SANITÄRA DEPONIER INFORMATION OCH MEDBORGARDELTAGANDE Området, ett nedlagt industriområde, står inför en omvandling till bostäder, kontor och handel och under den tidiga planeringen har hållbarhetsaspekterna fått mycket lite fokus. Fältstudien omfattar en inventering av området men också en analys av de tidigare planerna som redovisats för den nya bebyggelsen. Analysen av tidigare planförslag har sin utgångspunkt i den nämnda checklistan och följs av förslag på ändringar av det befintliga planförslaget. Två områden, en offentlig miljö och en privat miljö har detaljstuderats. Befintligt planförslag arbetades om i två detaljerade planförslag för att rymma de åtgärder som lyfts fram i analysen. Stadsplaneringen i Kina står inför avgörande beslut vad gäller miljön. Planering på lång sikt kommer att krävas och många viktiga aspekter att ta hänsyn till inom hållbar planering ryms i den cheklista som presenteras i examensarbetet. / Josef Erixon, tel: 070-3329196, Tina Bosnjak, tel: 070-6078064