Coral reefs are an important resource world-wide. Unfortunately, coral reef conditions are declining in many areas due to both global and local stressors. The objective of this study was to survey stakeholders in southeast Florida to better understand reef use in the region. Stakeholders spatially identified where and how often they conducted their activities. These data were compiled and analyzed in GIS to determine spatial use patterns. Both location and intensity of use were analyzed to determine which areas may be under greater stress from recreational activities. It was found that reef use was not evenly distributed in the region but clustered around inlets and piers. Reef use differed between user groups (i.e. SCUBA divers, fishers) and demographics. It was also found that use in the Broward-Miami Coral Reef Ecosystem Region was spread out over a wider spatial scale than the use in the regions north and south.. These data are important as they have the potential to inform the recommendations being made to improve coral reef management in southeast Florida. The study can provide a better understanding of human-environmental relationships and the trade-offs involved so that recommendations can better decrease user conflicts, maximize economic productivity, and preserve the environment.

L’actuelle reconfiguration de l’activité maritime et portuaire s’accompagne de mutations majeures qui appellent à un renouvellement de la gouvernance des villes portuaires. Trois des principales villes portuaires de la Rangée Nord-Ouest Européenne – à savoir Anvers, Le Havre et Rotterdam – expérimentent la diffusion du paradigme stratégique et la diversité de projets induits.Pour répondre aux enjeux théoriques et opérationnels issus d’un tel contexte, cette thèse est structurée autour de quatre volets – dont l’analyse de l’impact des instruments de planification stratégique sur les processus d’aménagement dans les villes portuaires. L’élaboration d’une méthodologie pertinente pour appréhender la complexité des enjeux d’aménagement des villes portuaires et le nouveau contexte de production des politiques d’aménagement constitue le deuxième volet. L’étude du lien entre planification stratégique et cohérence territoriale en est le troisième. Par ailleurs, il s’agit d’étudier la possibilité de modéliser les différents types de planification stratégique. Cette recherche est conduite selon une méthodologie pluridisciplinaire et une analyse systémique.Outre la méthode d’analyse des démarches stratégiques et de la complexité des villes portuaires, les travaux menés permettent, d’une part, de mieux appréhender la redéfinition actuelle des processus d’aménagement et, d’autre part, d’évaluer l’intégration de la cohérence territoriale dans les politiques d’aménagement des villes portuaires.Enfin, la formalisation théorique des projets stratégiques débouche sur une typologie originale des 3 modèles de planification stratégique mis en évidence à Anvers, au Havre et à Rotterdam. / Port and maritime activity are currently undergoing an important reorganisation. This phenomenon goes hand in hand with prominent evolutions triggering a renewal of port cities governance. Among the Northern Range, three major cities – namely Antwerp, Le Havre and Rotterdam – have been experiencing the spreading of the strategic paradigm followed by a diversity of strategic projects. In order to answer the theoretical and operational issues induced by this renewed context, the research is structured around four axes among which the analysis of strategic planning instruments and its impact on spatial planning processes in port cities. Conceiving a methodology that allows explaining the complexity of port cities constitutes an important challenge. As such, it is the second axis explored. The link between strategic planning and territorial coherence forms the third axis. Finally, the opportunity of modelling strategic planning of port cities is the fourth axis. The research follows a cross-disciplinary approach coupled with a systemic analysis. On top of providing a specific methodology to analyse strategic planning and port cities complexity, the doctoral study contributes to a better understanding of spatial planning processes and their current redefinition. It also produces an evaluation of the way territorial coherence is integrated to spatial planning policies in port cities. Last but not least, the research presents a theoretical formalisation of strategic processes leading to an original typology of the three strategic planning models identified in Antwerp, Le Havre and Rotterdam.

This study concerns Gårdsten, a neighbourhood in Gothenburg, Sweden, that was reclassified from an especially vulnerable area to a vulnerable area by the police in 2019. Since then, the area has become a symbol for the possibility of improvement. In 2020, actors in Gothenburg municipality announced an investment of 11 billion SEK for strategies and acts enabling the same type of development in the remaining six areas in Gothenburg that shared the classification. This has led to a debate concerning the basis of the classifications and what type of strategies that could prevent this sort of segregation in the first place. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of such strategies in urban renewal and to study the collaboration process between actors in Gårdsten. The study was conducted through interviews and written material concerning the area and was analysed through the framework of governance network theory. Results suggest a complex network of actors involved in the renewal process in the area, and whilst the strategies mainly are developed through a collaboration process there are critical elements and views of planning missing. Results also suggest that the physical strategies has been prioritized in the renewal process, but that these changes are in regard to housing options in the area. Which in turn suggests that physical renewal is a question prioritized over identifying underlying structures of segregation in the area. However, it remains unclear whether these physical changes in the area, that has been accentuated by the respondents, has resulted in any social change for the inhabitants in Gårdsten. The last main finding in this study is that what type of resources an actor can contribute with also determines their involvement in the network, which might be a leading cause to what perspectives are shown in strategies regarding segregation. In Gårdsten, a public housing company has been dominating the planning process, but it is still the police who has the power to define neighbourhoods as problematic which suggest that the change is determined by aspects of power. Conclusions are that the social perspectives in planning have been neglected and that the focus in developing Gårdsten are trying to find solutions to social problems by focusing on spatial planning.

The master’s thesis deals with assessment of spatial planning impact on a book value and a market value of chosen localities in Olomouc. Lands are valuated first as agricultural, than as determined by spatial plan to be built-up and finally as residential. In each phase are set book values based on valid regulations and market values based on comparison for individual lands. Gained values are analyzed and serve as basis for evaluation of differences in values and for evaluation of spatial planning level impact on the land values.

The aim of this master's thesis is is to assess the impact of land-use planning at the book va-lue and market value in two locations in the district Šumperk. In each of these locations is selected land appreciated in all grades of spatial planning as an agricultural land, land designa-ted for building spatial planning and in the final stage as building land. In each step are de-termined for each land price determined on the basis of valuation regulations and the market value. The analysis results are used to evaluate the difference in the prices of particular plots and to evaluate the effect of spatial planning on prices of stated localities.

Denna studie handlar om samverkan och samarbete i samhällsplaneringens praktik och upplevd trygghet utifrån fysisk planering. För att kunna skapa trygga samhällen är det nödvändigt att sociala värden får plats i strategisk planering. Genom en intervjustudie studerar vi hur en proaktiv planering kan öka upplevd trygghet. Våra resultat visar att problematiken inte ligger i förståelsen av begreppet utan det måste finnas en förståelse att samverkansprojekt är ett steg mot att arbeta med dessa frågor. Samverkan är en lärandeprocess och ska ses som ett tillfälle att övervinna viljan att agera självständigt och istället utnyttja de olika kompetenserna som finns i en grupp. Det är viktigt att prioritera trygghetsaspekter i stadsplanering. Ett proaktivt agerande i strategisk planering kan förebygga en känsla av otrygghet utifrån fysisk planering och kan i ett långsiktigt perspektiv också förebygga att åtgärder behöver sättas in i ett senare skede. / This study will discuss co-action and collaboration in urban planning practice and also perceived safety through a spatial planning perspective. Strategic planning where social values are taken into consideration is crucial to build safe societies. Through interviews we are studying how a proactive aim in future planning will increase perceived safety. Our results indicate that the problem is not in the comprehension of the term, but in the organization of the term. Projects with co-action is a step in the right direction though. Collaboration can be seen as a learning process and an opportunity to work together and take advantage of different competencies. It is important to incorporate and prioritize safety into planning. Proactive action can prevent a perception of insecurity and in long-term this could also mean prevention of reactive action in later stages.

<p>Докторска дисертација &ldquo;Микрорегионални аспекти туристичког уређења Новог Сада и његовог гравитационог подручја&rdquo; односи се на простор општина Бачка Топола, Зрењанин, Нови Бечеј, Кула, Оџаци, Бач, Бачка Паланка, Бачки Петроцац, Беочин, Бечеј, Врбас, Жабаљ, Нови Сад, Србобран, Сремски Карловци, Темерин, Тител, Ириг, Инђија, Рума и Стара Пазова. Поред наведених придодате су и општине Сомбор, Сремска Митровица, Апатин и Шид, из разлога што оне географски припадају овом простору. Испитиване су везе између примарне и дестинација нижег реда, спроведено анкетно истраживање грађана и туриста, интервју са туристичким агенцијама и формиран модел уређења вишенодне туристичке дестинације. Дати су конкретни приједлози туристичког уређења појединих дијелова Новог Сада, као и одабраних мјеста у његовој гравитационој зони.</p> / <p>Doktorska disertacija &ldquo;Mikroregionalni aspekti turističkog uređenja Novog Sada i njegovog gravitacionog područja&rdquo; odnosi se na prostor opština Bačka Topola, Zrenjanin, Novi Bečej, Kula, Odžaci, Bač, Bačka Palanka, Bački Petrocac, Beočin, Bečej, Vrbas, Žabalj, Novi Sad, Srbobran, Sremski Karlovci, Temerin, Titel, Irig, Inđija, Ruma i Stara Pazova. Pored navedenih pridodate su i opštine Sombor, Sremska Mitrovica, Apatin i Šid, iz razloga što one geografski pripadaju ovom prostoru. Ispitivane su veze između primarne i destinacija nižeg reda, sprovedeno anketno istraživanje građana i turista, intervju sa turističkim agencijama i formiran model uređenja višenodne turističke destinacije. Dati su konkretni prijedlozi turističkog uređenja pojedinih dijelova Novog Sada, kao i odabranih mjesta u njegovoj gravitacionoj zoni.</p> / <p> Doctoral dissertation, &quot;Micro-regional aspects of tourism planning and design Novi Sad and its gravitation area&quot; refers to the municipality of Bačka Topola, Zrenjanin, Novi Bečej, Kula, Odžaci, Bač, Bačka Palanka, Bački Petrocac, Beočin, Bečej, Vrbas, Žabalj, Novi Sad, Srbobran, Sremski Karlovci, Temerin, Titel, Irig, Inđija, Ruma i Stara Pazova. In addition to these are added to the municipality of Sombor, Sremska Mitrovica, Apatin and &Scaron;id, because they belong to this geographical area. Examined the links between primary and lower rank destination, conducted survey of citizens and tourists, interviews with travel agencies and established model of organization multiple node destination. Concrete proposals of tourism planing and desing are given for certain parts of Novi Sad, as well as selected sites in its gravitation area.</p>

Aesthetic  design  programs  are  often  used  as  a  complimentary  document  to  detailed development plans in Sweden and they focus on the areas architecture and design. The content varies between programs because there are no requirements in the Swedish Planning and Building Act (plan- och bygglagen, PBL) of neither the establishment nor the content. The general development of the detailed development plans and the connected aesthetic design program is that they are getting more and more detailed early in the spatial planning process which violates the intentions of PBL by not using brief outlines in the beginning of the spatial planning process. Due to the lack of requirements of the establishment of the aesthetic design program there is also no clear or statutory way of linking the two documents together. How the linking is done is the municipalities own decision, which leads to many variants that affect the municipality in its work in different ways. The purpose of my master thesis is to create an understanding of why the spatial planning process  is  conducted  the  way  it  is  and  how  the  detailed  development  plans  become  so detailed. This by conducting an empirical qualitative spatial planning process description of 10 detailed development plans in Stockholm County, with emphasis on the aesthetic design program, and interviews with the plan architect of each detailed development plan. The study showed that the project leaders and the project group from the municipality have the  biggest  influence  on  the  spatial  planning  process.  They  decide  which  documents  to establish, when to establish them, they take care of all the mandatory parts of the process and they decide the content of the aesthetic design program after discussion with the developer and consultants. The developer produces the documents required by the municipality as a basis for decision making and the aesthetic design program with the help from its consultants. The developers probably establish the aesthetic design program due to lack of competence from the municipality but also out of practical reasons. Because the developers very often act as initiators to the process they already have made sketches of the area with the help from consultants which easily can produce the aesthetic design program because they are already so involved in the project. The politicians have not been involved in the making of the aesthetic design program, neither has the public used its opportunities of public influence (samråd, granskning) to get their point across regarding the aesthetic design program. / Gestaltningsprogram är idag ett vanligt kompletterande dokument till detaljplaner i Sverige för   att   beskriva   ett   områdes   utformning   med   fokus   på   estetik   och   arkitektur. Gestaltningsprogrammens innehåll varierar från program till program då det inte finns något krav på att ett gestaltningsprogram måste upprättas och kopplas till detaljplaner enligt PBL. Gestaltningsprogrammen kan beskriva områdena väldigt övergripande för att bara skapa en idé om hur de önskar att området skall upplevas. De kan även vara mer detaljerade och illustrera arkitekturen för området och vilka material som skall användas. Den generella utvecklingen av detaljplaner och tillhörande gestaltningsprogram är att de blir mer  och  mer  detaljerade  tidigt  i  processen  vilket  strider  mot  PBLs  intentioner  om översiktlighet i den inledande planprocessen. Då det inte finns något krav på upprättandet av gestaltningsprogram finns det inte heller lagstadgat hur kopplingen mellan detaljplan och gestaltningsprogram skall göras. Hur denna koppling löses är upp till kommunerna själva vilket leder till många olika varianter med olika konsekvenser för kommunen i dess arbete. Syftet med mitt arbete är att skapa förståelse för varför processen ser ut som den gör idag och hur det kommer sig att detaljplanerna blir så detaljerade. Detta genom en empirisk kvalitativ detaljplaneprocessbeskrivning av 10 stycken upprättade detaljplaner i Stockholms län, med fokus på gestaltningsprogrammet, och intervjuer med respektive planarkitekt. Det visade sig att det största inflytandet på detaljplaneprocessens gång har projektledarna och projektgruppen  från  kommunen.  De  beslutar  vilka  dokument  som  skall  upprättas,  när dokumenten skall upprättas, de handhar den formella hanteringen av ärendet, de upprättar de obligatoriska handlingarna till detaljplanen och bestämmer hur gestaltningsprogrammet skall utformas samt dess innehåll efter gemensamma diskussioner med representanter från både kommunen, exploatören och konsulterna. Exploatörerna i sin tur tar fram de dokument som kommunen kräver som beslutsunderlag och gestaltningsprogrammet med hjälp av konsulter. Exploatörerna  tar  förmodligen  fram  gestaltningsprogrammet  då  kommunen  inte  besitter tillräcklig kompetens för det, men även av praktiska skäl då exploatören väldigt ofta har agerat initiativtagare till detaljplaneprocessen och därmed redan har en arkitektkonsult som har tagit fram idéskisser för området och därmed är insatt i arbetet och enkelt kan fortsätta med det arbetet och handha upprättandet av gestaltningsprogrammet. Vidare  har  politikerna  inte  varit  inblandande  i  gestaltningsprogrammets  utformning,  inte heller har privatpersoner i kommunen använt sig av möjligheterna vid samråd och granskning för att lämna synpunkter på gestaltningsprogrammet.

Många svenska städer står idag inför utmaningen att dämpa de negativa effekterna som uppstår från den ökade segregationen. Det finns en tydlig rumslig åtskillnad mellan personer med olika socioekonomiska förutsättningar vilket påverkar individens valmöjligheter att arbeta, utbilda eller bosätta sig var hen vill. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka, genom en fallstudie, hur arbetet i Linköping ser ut för att motverka boendesegregationen i staden. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med personer, involverade i segregationsfrågan, har detta undersökts med den fysiska miljön och organisatoriska åtgärder som utgångspunkt. Studien visar att genom tydlig tvärsektoriell samverkan och blandade bostadsmiljöer möjliggörs förutsättningarna för en blandad befolkningssammansättning, men att det krävs ett mångsidigt ansvar från alla individer för att minska stigmatiseringen kring utsatta områden. / Many Swedish cities face the challenge of mitigating the negative effects that arise from the increased segregation. There is a clear spatial segregation between people with different socio-economic backgrounds which affects the individual's choices to work, education or live wherever they want. The purpose of this study is to investigate, based on a case study, how measures are taking place in Linköping to counteract increased housing segregation. Through qualitative interviews with people involved in the segregation issue, the subject has been investigated with the physical environment and organizational actions as a starting point. The study shows that through cross-sectoral cooperation and incorporating mixed housing environments the conditions for a mixed population are made possible, but that responsibility is required from all individuals to reduce the stigma around the vulnerable areas.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa vad som sker efter utnämnandet till världsarv av UNESCO, genom att se om och hur strategier för bevarande och utveckling förändrats sedan 1989 fram till idag. Fallstudien har utgått från Hansestaden Visby och behandlar främst världsarvets förvaltning samt de nationella och lokala skydd som finns, tillsammans med en överblick av hur utnämnandet av Visby som världsarvsstad gått till och hur det efterlevs i förhållande till dokumentation och planarbete. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna för arbetet har utgått från postmodernistisk planeringsteori och kollaborativ planering samt urbanteori den globala staden. Analyser har dragits utifrån det världsarvsarbete som utförts av UNESCO under nominerings- och antagningsprocessen till att bli världsarv, samt det lokala arbete som utförts av Länsstyrelsen och Gotlands kommun, senare Region Gotland. De båda delarna leder till en inblick av marknadsföringens betydelse för en ort och att de olika utvecklingsfaserna ibland kommer i skymundan då vissa tidsåldrar ses som viktigare än andra. För Visby har det skett under nomineringsprocessen till att bli världsarv. Ansökan som skickades till UNESCO 1994 innehålleren helhetsbild av vad som gör Visby så speciellt, denna beskrivning skalas sedan ner under processens gångför att till sist endast beröra den inverkan som Hansaförbundet har haft på Visby innerstad. / This thesis aims to give light to what happens after UNESCO has named an object as a World Heritage site.Through looking at if and how strategies for conservation and development have changed since 1989 until today. Focus of this thesis have been the Hanseatic Town of Visby, and the national and local laws and documentsthat control conservation and development. Through the theoretical lenses of postmodern and collaborativeplanning, together with urban marketing theory - the global city. Results have been made through analysing the heritage work that UNESCO have made during the nomination and inscription process to the World Heritage List, together with looking at the local county administrative boardand municipality’s documentation and spatial planning of the property. Both parts give a look in to and an understandingof how marketing a town changes the narrative of heritage. For Visby this is made apparent during the nomination process. The application to UNESCO 1994, states the historic development of Visby with differenttimes represented, this have then been deleted throughout the process, until the end when only the Hanseaticimpact is seen as important for the properties outstanding universal value. The results have also shown that Visby now is in a state of segregation with high house prices and few residentsinside the city wall. But if this is in correlation with the inscription to the World Heritage List, could not be clearly analysed.