Diagnosis of adhd, the cause and consequence. A study about the teachers thought about it. The purpose of this study was to examine teachers experience and views about children diagnosed with adhd, and what implication and effects it gives to the pedagogy strategies in the classroom. This is a qualitative study based on the experience of six teachers from primary school. My results have been compiled and compared to special educational research about adhd, from three different perspectives. The results showed that the teachers who have been working as teachers for a longer period, think that the problems of adhd occur primarily due to environmental causes, but then also say that they think the individual causes matters. It is also these teachers that talks very well about medication as a treatment to cure adhd symptoms. The teachers who have worked the shortest time, most of them have some special education from the teacher education. They think that the adhd occur primarily from individual cause as heredity, and secondarily that surrounding environment also matters. Still the pedagogic strategies do not differ between these two groups of teachers with different thoughts about the causes of adhd symptoms. All the teachers want more knowledge about adhd, while simultaneously at the same time they think that the school situation works very well. Keywords: adhd, teaching, teacher experiences, special education perspectives, interviews.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka faktorer som främjar studiero för elever i behov avsärskilt stöd. Fokus är på att undersöka hur skolpersonal beskriver studiero, samt attidentifiera de specialpedagogiska förhållningssätt som skapar studiero för elever i behov avsärskilt stöd. Studien har genomförts med kvalitativa metoder, och skolpersonal från två olikaskolor har intervjuats. Genom tematisk analys av insamlat material har återkommande temanoch mönster i relation till arbetet med studiero identifierats. Resultaten framhäver betydelsenav att skapa en inkluderande och relationell skolmiljö där positiva kamratrelationer,samarbetslärande och relationellt ledarskap bidrar till en harmonisk och gynnsam atmosfär förlärande. Specialpedagogiska anpassningar spelade en avgörande roll för att möta elevernasindividuella behov, säkerställa delaktighet i utbildningen samt främja elevernaskunskapsinhämtning. Samtidigt visar resultatet att skolornas arbete med studiero varierar, medpåtagliga brister i systematik och samarbete. Slutsatsen betonar vikten av att införastrukturerade strategier för att främja studiero, baserade på en gemensam förståelse blandberörda parter. Hantering genom inkluderande och individanpassade tillvägagångssätt kanleda till förbättrad studiero. / The purpose of this study is to explore factors that foster a 'positive and peaceful studyenvironment' (Skolverket, personal communication, August 8, 2023) for students in need ofspecial support. The focus is on investigating how educational staff describe a positive andpeaceful study environment, and to identify challenges and opportunities that exist for specialeducational approaches within this context. A qualitative research method was used, andsemi-structured interviews with educational staff in two different schools were conducted. Athematic analysis of the data was performed, identifying recurring themes and patterns relatedto the creation and maintenance of a positive and peaceful study environment. The resultshighlight the importance of creating an inclusive and relational school environment, in whichpositive peer interactions, cooperative learning, and relational leadership contribute to aharmonious and favourable atmosphere for learning. Special educational adjustments played acrucial role in meeting the diverse needs of students and ensuring their complete participationin the learning process and promoting their academic development. At the same time, theresults show that the way schools work in relation to a positive and peaceful studyenvironment varies, and there are some shortcomings in terms of systematisation andcooperation. The conclusion emphasises the importance of implementing structured strategiesto promote a positive and peaceful study environment, based on a shared understandingamong stakeholders. Addressing these issues through inclusive and personalised approachescan lead to an improvement in creating a positive and peaceful study environment.

Research in inclusive education lacks studies in examining how teachers experience their work. The aim of the study was to contribute knowledge regarding teachers’ own perspective on the work with additional adaptations and the prerequisites to meet students’ different needs from classes year 7-9. The data collection method was semi structured interviews and nine interviews were conducted with teachers. The interviews were transcribed in full and empirical evidence condensed by qualitative content analysis. The result showed that teachers describe their work based on different themes; complexity, tacit knowledge and relational skills. The result also showed that the prerequisites that teachers receive in their work with additional adaptations are different types of support structures and that the organization around this work is different in different schools. We found that categorical, relational and the dilemma perspective were represented in teachers descriptions of their work with additional adaptations and that none of the perspectives dominated the empirical evidence. In organization with clear structure and procedures, principal prioritises collegial learning, competence development and support as conditions for the work the relational perspective dominated. Conversely, in organisation lacking support from principal and student health and teachers lack of knowledge in their work with additional adaptions, the categorical perspective dominated.

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Bakgrunden till studien är att forskning kring elever med språkstörning i matematikundervisningen ärbegränsad. Den lilla forskning som finns är mest internationell. Syftet är att vi vill bidra med en inblick ivilka svårigheter som kan uppstå och hur matematikundervisningen kan utformas för elever medspråkstörning, på lågstadiet och mellanstadiet. Det är en kvalitativ studie, som gjordes medsemistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet är begränsat, endast nio speciallärare med inriktning motmatematikutveckling deltog. Det teoretiska ramverket utgår från den sociokulturella teorin medmedierande verktyg och den didaktiska teorin med hur undervisning kan ske. Vi analyserar resultatetmed utgångspunkt i de specialpedagogiska perspektiven, kategoriskt och relationellt perspektiv. Studiens resultat visar att samtliga speciallärare upplever att det är språket som ställer till det för elevermed språkstörning i matematik. Det är främst matematiska begrepp och kommunikation påmatematiklektioner som framkommer i intervjuerna. Kartläggningen utgör grunden när speciallärarnagör individuella anpassningar. Många speciallärare har enskild undervisning med eleverna medspråkstörning då de arbetar med begreppsbildning och använder det medierande verktyget konkretmaterial. Detta ska leda fram till att eleven med språkstörning ska kunna delta i klassundervisningen.Slutsatsen av studien visar att det finns behov av att kunskaperna kring elever med språkstörning imatematik ökar. Vid speciallärarutbildningen behöver språkutveckling och sambandet mellan språk ochmatematik ingå. Vi anser att kommunerna bör ha personal med kompetens om språkstörning ditspeciallärarna kan vända sig vid behov. / The basis of our study is that research on mathematics education for pupils with DLD, DevelopmentalLanguage Disorder is limited. The research which does exist is predominantly international. Thepurpose of our study is to offer insight in difficulties which may arise and how mathematical educationmay be designed for pupils in grades 1-6 with DLD. This is a qualitative study based on semi-structuredinterviews. The selection has been limited, only nine special education teachers, specializing inmathematical development, took part. Our results are analyzed from a special educational viewpoint,categorical and relational. The results of our study show that every one of the special education teachers feel that language is anissue for pupils with DLD in mathematics. The main issues, which come up in the interviews, are to dowith concept and communication within mathematics. Mapping makes up the basis for the adaptationsspecial education teachers do. Many special education teachers utilize individual teaching for pupils withDLD, when they work on conceptualization, using the mediating tool physical material. This is meant tolead to the pupil with DLD being able to take part in class teaching.Our conclusion is that there exists a need to increase knowledge on mathematical education for pupilswith DLD. Language development and the link between language and mathematics, needs to beincluded in the training of special education teachers. It is our opinion that municipalities require skilledstaff with knowledge of DLD, to whom special education teachers may turn when needed.