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Efficient Lattice Decoders for the Linear Gaussian Vector Channel: Performance & Complexity AnalysisAbediseid, Walid 15 September 2011 (has links)
The theory of lattices --- a mathematical approach for representing infinite discrete points in Euclidean space, has become a powerful tool to analyze many point-to-point digital and wireless communication systems, particularly, communication systems that can be well-described by the linear Gaussian vector channel model. This is mainly due to the three facts about channel codes constructed using lattices: they have simple structure, their ability to achieve the fundamental limits (the capacity) of the channel, and most importantly, they can be decoded using efficient decoders called lattice decoders.
Since its introduction to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems, sphere decoders has become an attractive efficient implementation of lattice decoders, especially for small signal dimensions and/or moderate to large signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). In the first part of this dissertation, we consider sphere decoding algorithms that describe lattice decoding. The exact complexity analysis of the basic sphere decoder for general space-time codes applied to MIMO wireless channel is known to be difficult. Characterizing and understanding the complexity distribution is important, especially when the sphere decoder is used under practically relevant runtime constraints. In this work, we shed the light on the (average) computational complexity of sphere decoding for the quasi-static, LAttice Space-Time (LAST) coded MIMO channel.
Sphere decoders are only efficient in the high SNR regime and low signal dimensions, and exhibits exponential (average) complexity for low-to-moderate SNR and large signal dimensions. On the other extreme, linear and non-linear receivers such as minimum mean-square error (MMSE), and MMSE decision-feedback equalization (DFE) are considered attractive alternatives to sphere decoders in MIMO channels. Unfortunately, the very low decoding complexity advantage that these decoders can provide comes at the expense of poor performance, especially for large signal dimensions. The problem of designing low complexity receivers for the MIMO channel that achieve near-optimal performance is considered a challenging problem and has driven much research in the past years. The problem can solved through the use of lattice sequential decoding that is capable of bridging the gap between sphere decoders and low complexity linear decoders (e.g., MMSE-DFE decoder).
In the second part of this thesis, the asymptotic performance of the lattice sequential decoder for LAST coded MIMO channel is analyzed. We determine the rates achievable by lattice coding and sequential decoding applied to such a channel. The diversity-multiplexing tradeoff under such a decoder is derived as a function of its parameter--- the bias term. In this work, we analyze both the computational complexity distribution and the average complexity of such a decoder in the high SNR regime. We show that there exists a cut-off multiplexing gain for which the average computational complexity of the decoder remains bounded. Our analysis reveals that there exists a finite probability that the number of computations performed by the decoder may become excessive, even at high SNR, during high channel noise. This probability is usually referred to as the probability of a decoding failure. Such probability limits the performance of the lattice sequential decoder, especially for a one-way communication system. For a two-way communication system, such as in MIMO Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) system, the feedback channel can be used to eliminate the decoding failure probability.
In this work, we modify the lattice sequential decoder for the MIMO ARQ channel, to predict in advance the occurrence of decoding failure to avoid wasting the time trying to decode the message. This would result in a huge saving in decoding complexity. In particular, we will study the throughput-performance-complexity tradeoffs in sequential decoding algorithms and the effect of preprocessing and termination strategies. We show, analytically and via simulation, that using the lattice sequential decoder that implements a simple yet efficient time-out algorithm for joint error detection and correction, the optimal tradeoff of the MIMO ARQ channel can be achieved with significant reduction in decoding complexity.
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The Triangle Of Publicness, Communication And Democracy In HabermasTuran, Omer 01 September 2004 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis develops the Triangle Model, to offer a general framework through which the work of Jü / rgen Habermas could be better understood and assessed. Accordingly, it is argued that, it is possible to derive a triangle in Habermas&rsquo / s thought, formed by the concerns of publicness, communication, and democracy. Each corner of the triangle corresponds to a major concern and focus of Habermas&rsquo / s project chronologically. The Triangle Model provides an overview of continuities and discontinuities in Habermas&rsquo / s work. The main discontinuity found is between the first and the second corners of the triangle, namely between publicness and communication. It is argued that this rapture stems from an interpretive turn, composed of three points: the influence of Hegelian philosophy of human interaction, the concomitant criticism of Kantian foundationalism, and the incorporation of Arendt&rsquo / s communicative concept of power.
This study also emphasises that there are points indicating continuity, or unity in Habermas&rsquo / s thought. First, an intersubjective theory of truth is employed in all three concerns or corners of the triangle. Second, in all these concerns, Habermas searches for an answer to the same question: &ldquo / how to produce legitimate norms&rdquo / . The principle of publicity and the authority of the better argument voiced in the first corner of the triangle -publicness-, the discourse ethics of the second corner, and the deliberative politics of the third corner are formulated and adapted by Habermas in order to find the ways of producing legitimate norms. In this context, it is argued that the deliberative politics is based on publicness and communication / or publicness and communication are indispensable for deliberative politics.
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Development Of A Pc Numerical System For High Voltage Sphere Gap ControlKasap, Onur 01 June 2005 (has links) (PDF)
In this thesis, a high precision motion and position control system has been developed and applied to a high voltage sphere gap control and measurement system. The system is able to support up to 3-axes position and motion control. The control system includes a microcontroller card, three DC servo motor driver cards and a data storage unit. To provide communication between computer and motion control system, the Universal Serial Bus (USB) port is used.
The microcontroller card is equipped with an USB interface and a PIC (Peripheral Interface Controllers) microcontroller. This microcontroller controls the dedicated motion control processors (LM629), on servo motor driver cards and read/write operations of data storage unit, which consists of a Multi Media Card.
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A experiência na formação, a formação na experiência e a ampliação da esfera de presençaSantos, Ana Paula Moreira 03 February 2011 (has links)
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Dissertacao_Final.pdf: 1707155 bytes, checksum: 357bd5c1e42d1613b4f7dee804c010ca (MD5) / A intenção da pesquisa que culminou nesta dissertação foi discutir a relação entre
formação e experiência e ampliação da esfera de presença na formação de professores,
assumindo a ideia de formação como processo e produto. Uma pesquisa qualitativa
pautada no princípio de abertura à experimentação, que buscou inspirações na
hermenêutica e na etnografia. Teve como campo de estudos o do Projeto Irecê, que é
um Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia – Séries Iniciais/Ensino Fundamental
oferecido pela Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal da Bahia aos
profissionais do quadro do magistério da rede municipal de Irecê, em parceria com a
Prefeitura desse município. O que se quis foi compreender o a-con-tecer desse curso
para construir interpretações sobre o que, em um currículo de formação, possibilita
experiências que ampliam a esfera de presença. Na tentativa de construir um trabalho
que não descuidasse nem da teorização, nem dos dados concretos de interpretação,
tentou-se realizar um mergulho teórico, principalmente nos trabalho de Montesquieu,
sobre o gosto e ampliação da esfera de presença; de Dewey, sobre experiência; de
Nietzsche, sobre formação como tornar-se o que se é; e um mergulho no campo, através
da imersão no cotidiano do curso e do diálogo com os professores-cursistas, os
estudantes do curso. Tais mergulhos proporcionaram o entendimento da ampliação da
esfera de presença como busca movida pelo prazer e impulsionada pela curiosidade, no
movimento da experiência na formação e da formação na experiência. Proporcionaram,
também, a percepção de que no a-con-tecer do Projeto Irecê ocorrem experiências
formativas que ampliam a esfera de presença dos professores-cursistas, sobretudo no
contato com as diversas linguagens, mas levaram também ao questionamento sobre a
dimensão disso na rede municipal de educação. / ABSTRACT
The intent of the research was to discuss the relationship between training and
experience and the concept of the expanding the sphere of presence in teacher
education, taking the idea of education as process and product. A qualitative research
based on the principle of openness to experimentation, which sought inspiration in
hermeneutics and ethnography. The field of studies is the Irecê Project, which is an
undergraduated course in Education offered by the Faculty of Education of the Federal
University of Bahia in partnership with the Board Education of the City. We seek to
understand the quotidian of the course. A work that do not neglect neither the theory nor
the interpretation of data. We tried to make a diving in the theory, especially in the work
of Montesquieu, Dewey, Nietzsche, and an ongoing dialogue with the students of the
course. This provided an understanding of the expanding the sphere of presence as a
search motivated by pleasure and driven by curiosity, in the movement of experience in
the training and training in the experience. It provided also the perception that, in the
Irecê Project, does occur formative experiences in contact with various languages, and
also touch other questions about the elementary education, the working place of these
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Alteração do código florestal brasileiro : a dinâmica da esfera pública no estado do Rio Grande do SulLorenzetti, Julia Vaz January 2012 (has links)
A problemática ambiental está vinculada à interdependência entre os processos ecológicos e à sua implicação na vida dos seres humanos. O direito ao ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado passa a ser compreendido como uma condição do direito à vida, interpretado, neste estudo, como direito humano fundamental. Com base na concepção de esfera pública de Habermas (1997), este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a dinâmica da esfera pública relativa à tramitação de Projeto de Lei para alteração do Código Florestal Brasileiro, no âmbito do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de um estudo local frente a um debate nacional. A esfera pública foi investigada através de suas características de mediação e deliberação, considerando suas dimensões formal e informal. Habermas (1997) defende que a legitimidade do processo legislativo depende da participação daqueles que serão afetados pela legislação, o que, no caso de uma legislação ambiental, como o Código Florestal, corresponde a toda a sociedade. Este trabalho foi realizado por meio de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e natureza descritiva-exploratória. As técnicas de coleta de dados adotadas foram a observação participante, a entrevista semiestruturada, a pesquisa documental. A técnica de análise de dados utilizada foi a análise de conteúdo. Os dados analisados são referentes ao período de setembro de 2009 a abril de 2012. O estudo evidenciou que segmentos diversos da sociedade, como movimentos sociais e setor privado, mostraram-se atuantes na esfera pública política, relativamente à modificação do Código Florestal Brasileiro. O acesso às instâncias de participação é, no entanto, diferenciado, bem como os recursos disponíveis a cada segmento da sociedade, o que prejudica a qualidade da deliberação. Observou-se que os movimentos sociais possuem capacidade de revigorar as esferas públicas informais, mas em relação às esferas formais, a sociedade como um todo poderia ser melhor assimilada no processo de elaboração de uma legislação ambiental, a qual se destina a toda a sociedade. / The environmental issue has to do with the interdependence between the ecological processes and their implications on the life of human beings. The right to an ecologically balanced environment is therefore viewed in this study as a condition of the right to life, and a fundamental human right. Drawing on Habermas's conception of the public sphere (1997), this dissertation proposes to investigate the dynamics of the public sphere as regards a bill for the reform of the Brazilian Forest Code that is being processed in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This is therefore a local study addressing a national issue. The public sphere is investigated based on its properties of mediation and deliberation, and considering its formal and informal dimensions. Habermas (1997) argues that the legitimacy of the legislative process depends on the participation of those who will be affected by the legislation – in the case of environmental legislation such as the Forest Code, society as a whole. The analysis was developed from a qualitative descriptive/exploratory research study. The data collection techniques used were participant observation, semi-structured interviewing and documentary research. The data analysis technique used was content analysis. The data analyzed refers to the period between September 2009 and April 2012. The study showed that some segments of society, such as social movements and the private sector, are very active in the public sphere in the fight for the Brazilian Forest Code reform. However, access to the different levels of participation varies, as do the resources that are available to each segment of society, which affects the quality of the deliberation. Finally, the study showed that social movements promote the strengthening of the informal public spheres; however, as regards the formal spheres, it points to the fact that society as a whole could be further integrated into the process of elaboration of environmental legislation – which after all affects society as a whole.
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A participação popular nos projetos públicos de intervenção urbana: o caso da 7ª etapa de Revitalização do Centro Histórico de SalvadorBittencourt, José Maurício Carneiro Daltro January 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011 / Este estudo busca analisar o campo conflituoso dos usos diferenciais do espaço urbano a partir da 7ª Etapa de Revitalização do Centro Histórico, no Pelourinho (Salvador), observado do ponto de vista da formação de esferas públicas de mediação e encaminhamento dos interesses conflitantes entre os moradores e o Governo do Estado – ambos defendendo o patrimônio histórico, mas cada um de seu próprio ponto de vista. A questão central em análise é a reconstituição de um campo de conflito em formação, e como, ao longo do processo, os moradores vão se transformando em sujeitos de direitos, com suas ambiguidades e contradições, através de um processo reflexivo, não-linear, com avanços e recuos, de avaliação sobre os usos do espaço público urbano. Apesar de se constituir numa experiência que afetou um pequeno número de moradores, foi capaz de mobilizar interlocutores em grande escala, desde moradores locais, técnicos do Estado e imprensa até representantes do Governo Federal e de organizações internacionais. O debate entre moradores e o governo permite observar concepções e valores distintos quanto à abordagem do patrimônio e à concepção da “revitalização”: a racionalidade do planejamento do governo e os interesses constituídos pelos moradores do local, que contrapuseram a “cidade planejada” e a “cidade vivida”, o patrimônio material e o patrimônio imaterial. O detalhamento deste conflito tem como base a documentação elaborada pelo trabalho de assessoria aos movimentos populares de luta por moradia, pelos procedimentos judiciais construídos em defesa dos moradores e por matérias de jornal. A partir desses documentos foram sendo analisadas as ações comunicativas de defesa e contestação elaboradas como justificativas nas arenas constituídas com vistas à construção da participação popular no projeto da 7ª Etapa de Revitalização do Centro Histórico de Salvador. O resultado deste trabalho mostra que o processo político não é linear; destaca as lutas no âmbito dos próprios moradores; avalia os limites e alcances do processo participativo e a contradição inerente aos usos do espaço urbano, especialmente nas situações de preservação de sítios históricos.
This study seeks to analyze the conflicted field of the different uses of urban space within the 7th Stage of the Revitalization of the Historic Center at Pelourinho (Salvador, Bahia), observed from the viewpoint of the formation of public spheres of mediation and routing of conflicting interests among the residents and the State Government – both defending the heritage, but each one of your own point of view. The central question at hand is the reconstruction of a field of conflict in the making, and how, throughout the process, residents are transformed into subjects of rights, with its ambiguities and contradictions, through a reflective, non-linear process of assessment of the uses of public space, with advances and retreats. Even though this is an experience that affected only a small number of residents, it was able to mobilize large-scale actors, from local residents, technicians and state representatives to press the federal government and international organizations. In the debate between residents and State government one can observe different views and values about equity and the approach to the concept of "revitalization": the rationality of government planning and the interests generated by local residents, who countered the "planned city" and "lived city”, the “material heritage” and the “intangible heritage”. The details of this conflict is based on documentation prepared by the advisory work of popular movements fighting for housing, by the judicial procedures on behalf of the residents and by newspaper articles. From these documents it was possible to analyze the communicative actions of defense and disputation as justifications in the public arenas prepared to the construction of popular participation in the 7th Stage of the Revitalization of the Historic Center of Salvador. The result of this work shows that the political process is not linear; highlights the contradictions implicit in the context of the struggles of the residents themselves; assesses the limits and scope of the participatory process and the contradiction inherent in the use of urban space, especially in situations of preservation of heritage sites. / Salvador
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Indigenous language programming and citizen participation in Uganda broadcasting : an exploratory studyChibita, Monica Balya 30 June 2006 (has links)
The thesis, Indigenous language programming and citizen participation in Ugandan broadcasting: an exploratory study constitutes an analysis of the significance of policy on indigenous language programming in Uganda's broadcast media. The thesis is conceived broadly within a critical studies' framework. It emphasizes the role of the broadcast media in the public sphere, as well as policy on linguistic diversity in making the public sphere more accessible to the majority of Ugandans. Fundamental assumptions of the thesis are the following:
* The imperatives of the market are in tension with the need to preserve a significant
amount of indigenous language broadcasting in Uganda's broadcast media for purposes of
diversity;
* This tension can be discerned in the political-economic environment within which the
broadcast media in Uganda have evolved and operate as well as in public debate on
indigenous language programming in the broadcast media;
* The current state of the media's structure, operation and regulation have their roots in
Uganda's political history; and
* Policy on the indigenous languages has a bearing on Ugandans' capacity to participate
meaningfully in the democratic process via the broadcast media.
The thesis documents key social, political and economic factors surrounding policy on
indigenous language broadcasting in Uganda using interviews, an analysis of Uganda's
political history as well as key legal documents related to diversity and participation. It
documents public debate on the significance of language policy for the participation of
Ugandans in the democratic process through the broadcast media and examines how changes
in the structure and operation of Uganda's broadcast media, especially since the liberalisation of the airwaves in the early 1990s, are perceived by Ugandans to have affected their participation in the democratic process through the media. Finally the thesis makes
recommendations for future communication policy with regards to the role of language in
enhancing diversity and participation. / Communication Science / D.Litt. et Phil. (Communication)
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A democracia deliberativa habermasiana: o orçamento participativo como instrumento viabilizador da transformação urbana / Habermas' deliberative democracy: participatory budgeting as enabler of urban transformationClaudia Tannus Gurgel do Amaral 10 March 2015 (has links)
A motivação para estudar modelos de democracia, em especial a participativa no viés deliberativo, deita raízes na conjuntura histórica compreendendo pelo menos duas décadas, em que ocorrem debates acadêmicos, lutas democráticas e movimentos sociais que vêm em alguns países nos últimos anos dando voz às reivindicações populares por mudanças nos modelos atuais de democracia, e por maior participação popular e um alargamento dos espaços públicos para discussões. Nesse contexto, o Orçamento Participativo se destaca como experiência no Brasil e em muitos países como instrumento para essas mudanças. O marco teórico escolhido foi a démarche de Jürgen Habermas. Suas digressões sobre democracia deliberativa envolvem diretamente as formulações sobre o conteúdo da esfera pública e seu reposicionamento em arranjo interno mais amplo relacionando-a com os sistemas da sociedade. A principal experiência objeto da pesquisa foi o Orçamento Participativo de Cascais, em razão do estágio de doutoramento com bolsa concedida pela CAPES no ano de 2013. / The motivation to study models of democracy, especially in participatory deliberative bias, is based on the historical context comprising at least two decades, they occur academic debates, democratic struggles and social movements that come in some countries in recent years giving voice to the claims popular for changes in current models of democracy, and greater popular participation and a broadening of public spaces for discussions. In this context, the Participatory Budget stands as experience in Brazil and in many countries as a tool for these changes. The chosen theoretical complex was the demarche of Jürgen Habermas. Their tours on deliberative democracy involve formulations directly on the contents of the public sphere and its repositioning in broader internal arrangement relating it to the systems of society. The main object of the research experience was the Participatory Budget of Cascais- PT, due to the doctoral stage with scholarship granted by CAPES in 2013.
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“#VemPraRua”: as manifestações de junho de 2013 em São Paulo e a nova esfera pública / #VemPraRua: the demonstrations of June 2013 in São Paulo and the new public sphereGomes, Juliana Larissa de Laet [UNESP] 04 February 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A partir de um histórico da relação da cidade de São Paulo com os meios de comunicação, que resgata facetas de nossa cultura política, de um apanhado conceitual que ilumina os vários significados pessoais e coletivos da comunicação mediada e de uma pesquisa empírica viva que destaca imagens, experiências e lugares das manifestações de junho de 2013, essa dissertação oferece uma contribuição teórica que descortina o elo entre as pequenas telas individuais e as grandes telas coletivas que são palco da ação política contemporânea. Investiga-se a constituição de uma nova esfera pública a partir da atuação nas tecnologias móveis de informação e comunicação, que são denominadas pequenas telas. Através das pequenas telas os indivíduos se colocam na esfera pública, a grande tela. Atuar no espaço público, nesse contexto, envolve estar presente em tais telas, mas isso não basta. Os novos meios de informação e comunicação, como ímãs, atraem os indivíduos para determinados locais que se tornam centrais na ação, ao mesmo tempo em que os espaços somente podem se tornar centrais e se constituírem como espaços públicos quando a ação neles ocorre. O registro da selfie, dos vídeos e dos relatos das experiências vividas no espaço público durante a ação política, feito através das pequenas telas, são ferramentas de atuação política através das quais os espaços da cidade são ressignificados numa relação íntima, porém mediada, do usuário com eles. Tal experiência é vivida, então, coletivamente nas grandes telas que são palco da ação política. / From a historical account of the relationship between the city of São Paulo and the media, which retrieves facets of our political culture; through a conceptual overview that show forth the various individual and collective meanings of mediated communication; and through a vivid empirical research that highlights images, experiences and places of the demonstrations of June 2013, this dissertation provides a theoretical contribution that reveals the link between the individual small screens and the big screens that are the collective arena of contemporary political action. The establishment of a new public sphere is investigated from the deeds that take place through mobile information and communication technologies, namely small screens. Through these small screens, individuals set themselves into the public sphere — the big screen. Acting in the public space in this context involves being present in these screens, but this is not enough. New information and communication media, like magnets, attract individuals to certain places, which become central to action, insofar as spaces themselves can only become central and be constituted as public spaces when people effectively act within them. The selfie, the videos and the narratives of experiences occurred in public spaces during political action perpetrated through small screens are tools of political activity in which the city spaces are reinterpreted in an intimate, even though mediated, relationship with their individual users. These experiences, then, are lived collectively on the big screens, the arena of political action.
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A teologia ancorada no mundo da vida e dialogicamente situada na esfera pública: uma contribuição ao debate contemporâneo sobre teologia públicaEneida Jacobsen 28 February 2011 (has links)
A dissertação oferece um estudo panorâmico sobre os conceitos de teologia pública e de
esfera pública, com destaque para o contexto brasileiro. No primeiro capítulo, são
identificadas diferentes compreensões de teologia pública, classificadas segundo modelos de
fundamentação e modelos de atuação. Com base nos exemplos norte-americano e sul-
africano, argumenta-se que a diversidade conceitual relativa ao tema é um reflexo de
preocupações específicas a cada contexto, de maneira a ser possível presumir que uma
teologia pública no Brasil igualmente assuma uma feição teórica própria. No segundo
capítulo, são descritas três importantes concepções de esfera pública presentes no pensamento
filosófico contemporâneo: a liberal, com representantes como John Rawls e Bruce Ackerman;
a republicana (e comunitarista), aqui representada por Hannah Arendt e Charles Taylor; e a
discursiva, especialmente desenvolvida por Jürgen Habermas. O referencial teórico
habermasiano o mais recorrente em análises sociológicas sobre a esfera pública no Brasil,
tema do terceiro capítulo. Procura-se demonstrar que, apesar de uma forte tradição
patrimonialista que caracteriza a história política do país, importantes transformações sociais
têm concorrido para a constituição de uma esfera pública discursiva. No último capítulo,
tendo em vista esse contexto de reconstrução democrática, é apresentado um breve esboço de
um modelo de teologia pública ancorada no mundo da vida e pautada pelo diálogo conceitos
explorados com base, especialmente, na concepção discursiva de esfera pública e em
contribuições dos diversos modelos de teologia pública, desde uma perspectiva latino-
americana de Teologia. / This essay offers a panoramic study about the concepts of public theology and public sphere, especially concerning the Brazilian context. In the first chapter, different understandings of public theology are identified and classified according to models of substantiation and models of performance. Based on the North American and South African examples, it is argued that the conceptual diversity concerning the theme is a reflection of concerns that are specific to each context, meaning that it is possible to assume that a public theology in Brazil develops its own theoretical feature as well. In the second chapter, we describe three important concepts of public sphere present in the contemporary philosophical thought: the liberal, with representatives like John Rawls and Bruce Ackerman, the republican (and communitarian), represented by Hannah Arendt and Charles Taylor, and the discursive, especially developed by Jürgen Habermas. Habermasian theoretical reference is the most recurrent in sociological analysis about public sphere in Brazil, which is the theme of the third chapter. We seek to demonstrate that major social changes have contributed to the creation of a discursive public sphere, despite a strong patrimonial tradition that characterizes the country's political history. In the last chapter, in view of this context of democratic reconstruction, we present a brief outline of a model of public theology anchored in the world of life and guided by dialogue concepts explored, especially, on the basis of a discursive conception of public sphere and contributions from the various models of public theology, from a Latin American perspective of theology.
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