Salientando asserções principais da Fenomenologia do Espírito sobre a categoria da individualidade, este estudo pretende avaliar o papel da literatura na compreensão da assim chamada efetivação da consciência-de-si racional através de si mesma. Na primeira parte, a grande obra de Hegel é apresentada como uma tentativa de destituir o estatuto transcendental da subjetividade na filosofia moderna. Na segunda, mostra-se como Hegel concebe, contra outras disciplinas em voga, a auto-criação humana da individualidade, baseado na experiência de três famosas personagens literárias: Fausto, Karl von Moor e Dom Quixote. / By highlighting major statements from the Phenomenology of Spirit on the individuality category, this inquiry intends to appreciate the role of literature in understanding the so-called realization of racional self-consciousness through itself. In the first part, Hegels great work is presented as an attempt to depose the transcendental status of subjectivity in modern philosophy. In the second one, its shown how, against other current disciplines, Hegel conceives the human self-creation of individuality, based on the experience of three famous literary characters: Faust, Karl von Moor and Don Quixote.

No seu Tratado sobre os Princípios do Conhecimento Humano, publicado em 1710, George Berkeley realiza uma filosofia da mente, da ideia e da linguagem, através do ponto de vista da imaterialidade da realidade percebida pelo homem, explicada por uma teoria do conhecimento com base na totalidade perceptiva compreendida pela mente, ou espírito, ou percipiente. Historicamente, a questão da inexistência da matéria como um ser exterior à mente, inerte, independente do percipiente, interpretada dentro de um contexto filosófico rigidamente empirista, é o cerne da contenda que Berkeley propõe à filosofia de Locke. Porém, ultrapassando os limites de seu século, o ponto de vista de Berkeley doravante não poderá ser ignorado em qualquer debate concernente à teoria do conhecimento posterior à sua época, articulando-se com traços de importantes correntes filosóficas, tais como o idealismo em Kant e a filosofia da linguagem em Wittgenstein. E por conter em seu núcleo a problematização da falha intrínseca ao dualismo do pensamento, a filosofia de Berkeley ainda é capaz de alimentar e iluminar a natureza do artifício dessa falha, cujo apagamento é denunciado por Habermas no final do século XX, mas cujo ponto de partida parece ter sido estabelecido pela remota herança de Anaxágoras, a qual implica a reiteração da radicalidade existencial no espírito, ponto central da filosofia de Berkeley. / In A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge published in 1710, George Berkeley realizes a philosophy of the mind, the idea and the language through the point of view of the immateriality of the reality perceived by man, explained by a theory of knowledge based on the perceptive totality understood as the mind, the spirit or the perceiver. Historically, the issue of the inexistence of matter as a being external to the mind, inert and independent from the perceiver, interpreted in a rigid empirical philosophic context, is the core of the debate offered by Berkeley to the philosophy of Locke. Overpassing the limits of his century, Berkeley\'s point of view, articulated on important philosophical currents such as Kant\'s idealism and the philosophy of language of Wittgenstein, could not be ignored anymore in any debate about the theory of knowledge posterior to that time. In spite of ncompassing in its core the problematic of the intrinsic fissure of the dualism of thought, Berkeley\'s philosophy is still able to feed and enlighten the nature of the device of this fissure, which deletion is denounced by Habermas at the end of the twentieth century, but which starting point seems to have been established by the remote inheritance of Anaxagoras which involves the reiteration of existential radicalism in the spirit, core point of Berkeley\'s philosophy.

A Filosofia do Espírito é a forma de autoconhecimento, na medida em que traça o percurso do princípio espiritual em seu processo de criação. O primeiro momento desse processo da Criação consiste na diferenciação da Unidade na multiplicidade de seres naturais. Desse modo constitui-se a fenomenologia da vida, cujo prolongamento, para Bergson, é a fenomenologia do espírito. Tal processo permite descrever a gênese do intelecto, de modo a fundamentar sua estrutura analítica e estabelecer uma crítica do conhecimento. O intelecto, dada a sua vocação pragmática, é que vai pautar os procedimentos racionais da ciência; porém, dada a sua concepção quantitativa do real aparente, não se presta ao conhecimento da metafísica. À inteligência cumpre, porém o papel inicial de procurar a presença imanente no mundo fenomênico, dando acesso, portanto ao espírito subjetivo de conhecer a substância espiritual em si mesma, em sua imediatez. Acompanhar o processo do desdobramento do Espírito em sua imediatez só é possível pela intuição, que permite uma identificação em essência com o processo gerador, de modo a constituir assim uma metafísica positiva, como pedra angular na edificação de uma Enciclopédia das Ciências ,assim como a possibilidade de cumprir com a finalidade interna, que é criar infinitamente. / The Philosophy of the Spirit is the form of self-knowledge, as it outlines the path of the spiritual principle in its process of creation. The first moment of this process of the Creation consists of the differentiation of the Unit in the multiplicity of natural beings. In this manner, phenomenology of the life is defined, whose prolongation, for Bergson, is the phenomenology of the spirit. Such process allows one to describe the genesis of the intellect, in order to base its analytical structure and to establish knowledge critics. The intellect, given its pragmatic vocation, is what will define the rational procedures of science; however, given its quantitative concept of the apparent real, it does not serve to metaphysical knowledge. Thus, intelligence triggers the initial search process for emanating presence in the phenomenon world, consequently giving access to the subjective spirit of knowing the spiritual substance in one self in its immediateness. To follow the process of development of the spirit in its immediateness is only possible by intuition, allowing identification, in essence, with the generator process, in a way to constitute a positive metaphysic, as a foundation pillar in a Science Encyclopedia, as well as the possibility to fulfill the internal objective, to create infinitely.

Este trabalho tem por propósito analisar os textos de Max Stirner - em particular a primeira parte de seu livro intitulado O Único e a sua Propriedade -, assumindo a perspectiva de que neles é elaborado um diagnóstico de como a subjetividade moderna, no processo de sua constituição, forma-se comprometida com a dominação. Para isso, é preciso refazer com o filósofo o caminho dialético do eu, da Antiguidade até a sua manifestação moderna, identificando nesse percurso as razões que o fizeram alienar-se de si, sem se esquecer do papel da arte e da religião na criação, no rejuvenescimento e na manutenção da alienação. Além disso, encontrará também tratamento neste trabalho a forma de racionalidade, de moral e de educação modernas, elementos importantes da subjetividade, uma vez que esses elementos perfazem com ela um todo sistemático onde o que só encontra espaço são as exigências do \"espírito\", e isso em detrimento do que quer que seja da ordem da individualidade. Portanto, para uma abordagem apropriada desse tema, requer-se a compreensão do processo de formação da Modernidade e da sua subjetividade correlata, identificando a maneira pela qual, nesse processo, a dominação inscreve-se de forma imanente no eu. Isso significa dizer que, na interpretação que aqui se oferece da filosofia stirneriana, o processo de formação da subjetividade moderna e a dominação não são fenômenos independentes, mas sim resultantes de um e mesmo processo de engendramento da Modernidade. / This paper intends to examine the texts of Max Stirner - specially those related to the first part of his major work, The Ego and its Own - by assuming the perspective that through these texts, the author articulates a diagnosis of how the modern subjectivity, in the process of its constitution, forms itself compromised with domination. For this, we will need to remake with the philosopher the dialectical path of the self, from Antiquity to its modern manifestation, identifying in this way the reasons that made this ego to alienate from itself - without obliterating the role of art and religion in the creation, rejuvenation and maintenance of this alienation. Moreover, it will also be found in this paper a discussion about the forms of modern rationality, moral and education - important elements of the subjectivity, that compose with it a systematic whole where nothing but the claims of the \"spirit\" find place, in despite of everything that originates from individuality. Therefore, for an appropriate approach of these questions, one must comprehend the constitution of Modernity and its correlated subjectivity, identifying the way by which, within this process, domination engraves itself immanently in the self. In other words, this means that in the interpretation we are offering of Stirner\'s philosophy, the process of constitution of modern subjectivity and the domination are not independent phenomena, but rather are both resultants of one and the same process of engendering of Modernity.

Detta arbete är en undersökning om vad en Jailbreaking av iPhone OS kan tillföra för en vanlig användare och även de utökade möjligheterna för utvecklare. Det syftar till att ge en lätt överskådlig förklaring om hur jailbreaking fungerar och vilka fördelar och nackdelar som följer med det valet. Det var ett personligt intresse för modifikation av operativsystem som gav grunden för valet av denna undersökning. Efter det egna införskaffandet av en iPhone 3Gs i slutet av 2009 utvecklades intresset för jailbreaking, något som successivt byggdes upp till en passion att vilja undersöka en iPhones fulla potential. I rapporten kommer ett antal jämförelser att göras mellan ett native iPhone OS och ett Jailbreakat iPhone OS. Versionen är 3.1.3, vilken är den senaste stabila. Det presenteras viktiga paket som bevis för vad de extra funktioner som kan uppnås genom användandet av jailbreak. Det kommer även att beskrivas hur Jailbreak utförs. De paket som presenteras i arbetet kommer att vara de mest populära, funktionsrika och pålitliga utav de som finns tillgängliga inom jailbreak communityn. Detta arbete resulterade i en redan förväntad bekräftelse att jailbreak har mycket att tillföra både normalanvändare för att utnyttja sin enhet med iPhone OS till sin fulla potential, men även för utvecklare som blivit nekade av Apple att få sälja sina produkter på AppStore eller helt enkelt bara vill utveckla utan Apples restriktioner och regler. Pengar finns absolut att tjäna genom Cydia Store eller liknade, vilket bevisas genom statistik och estimeringar.

This research has focused on the role of the Holy Spirit in Christian suffering. A broad concept of suffering is excluded in the study. Of particular concern to this research is suffering for the sake of Jesus Christ. Methods employed in the study are: 1) Narrative approach, an approach that allows the narratives to tell their story for the benefit of the Christian community and Christian believers. Stories and testimonies are viewed as valuable resources for the development of discussion on this subject matter. 2) Dialogical approach, the approach in which the biblical text, contemporary context, and contemporary theologian's reflections are brought into dialogue to achieve a theological understanding. 3) Synthesis, a way in which biblical data from the investigation on the subject and contemporary church context are incorporated and synthesized to propound an understanding of the role of the Holy Spirit in Christian suffering. The second chapter examines the role of the Holy Spirit in Christian suffering by surveying the testimony of the biblical documents of Old Testament prophets and of the New Testament, excluding the Pauline epistles. The third chapter examines the topic according to Paul's personal testimony and his teachings on the Spirit's role in Christian suffering. The fourth chapter examines the topic from a survey of the testimony of the Korean church and Christians. In the fifth chapter, this study has presented some crucial findings of the role of the Holy Spirit in Christian suffering in terms of a synthesis of the testimony of the biblical documents, especially the testimony in Pauline literature, and the testimony of the Korean church, brought into dialogue with contemporary pneumatologies. In this, the topic is discussed in four categories: individual setting, individual and church setting, church setting, and community/society setting. / Dr. M.S. Clark

There have been long debates in academic circles as to what constitutes the “heart” of Pauline theology. The traditional view, according to Fee (1994:11), is the one fostered by the Reformers and perpetuated by generations of Protestants, that “justification by faith” is the key to Paul’s theology. This view emphasises Christ’s historical act of redemption and its appropriation by the believer through faith. The inadequacy of such a view should be apparent to anyone carefully reading Paul’s letters. Not only does it focus on one metaphor of salvation to the exclusion of others, but, such a focus fails to throw the net broadly enough to capture all of Paul’s theological concerns. It would therefore, seem impossible to understand Pauline theology, without firstly beginning with salvation in Christ, and further to this, with eschatology and the Holy Spirit as the essential framework. It is within this framework that the process of sonship and adoption as related to the new covenant are unveiled to the believer. Without denying the presence of other determining factors, Christology, and eschatology especially, shape the framework of Paul’s pneumatology. One cannot doubt that the death and resurrection of Christ, in their eschatological significance, control Paul’s teaching on the work of the Spirit within the lives of believers. It could be said that the Spirit stands near the centre of things for Paul, as part of the fundamental core of his understanding of the Gospel. It is within this theological framework of the Spirit that Paul expresses his key ideas concerning the new covenant and sonship. One might say then, that membership in God’s family, is defined in terms of the Spirit. “You are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, assuming that the Spirit of God does indeed dwell in you. If anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, that person does not belong to Him” (Rom 8:9). One could say that in eschatological terms, the Spirit of God is the beginning of the process of salvation, which will culminate in the believer taking possession of his inheritance in the future age. It could be stated as a function of the Spirit in the believer’s present that is only meaningful in relation to the future. Not only does the indwelling Spirit serve as the divine pledge of a future bodily resurrection, but guarantees it. To give the reader further ideas as to what drives this thesis, the following urgencies are spelt out: • Crucial to the experience of the Spirit, was the early Church’s self-understanding as “thoroughly eschatological” in the “already/not yet” sense. • At the heart of this new understanding was their perception of themselves as the newly constituted people of God. The goal of salvation in Christ, the core of Pauline theology, was that God should create “a people for his name”. • Although persons’ individually become members of the family of God, the goal is not to simply prepare them for heaven, but to create a people, who by the power of the Spirit, live out the life of the future (the life of God Himself) in this present age. One final point needs to be clarified before one embarks on the enterprise of writing a theology of Paul as it relates to the title of this thesis. In the movement and dialogue of Paul’s theologising, his letter to the Romans is a relatively fixed feature (Dunn, 1998:25). It was written to a Church that was not his own founding. It was written at the end of a major phase of Paul’s missionary work (Rom 15:18-24), which included most of the other undisputed letters. It was written under probably the most congenial circumstances of his mission, with time for careful reflection and composition and, above all, it was clearly intended to set out and defend his own mature understanding of the Gospel (Rom 1:16-17) as he had thus far proclaimed it. In short, Romans is still far removed from a dogmatic or systematic treatise on theology, but it nevertheless is the most sustained and reflective statement of Paul’s theology by Paul himself. Romans provides Christians with an example of the way Paul himself chose to order the sequence of themes in his theology. If one wishes to grasp at (as attempted in this thesis) and dialogue with the mature theology of Paul, one cannot do better than to take Romans as a kind of template on which to construct one’s own statement of Paul’s theology. A theology of Paul that sets out to describe and discuss the Holy Spirit and sonship, is surely headed in the right direction, if one constantly references Romans as prompter and plumb-line throughout. / Prof. J.A. du Rand

Cette thèse a pour objectif de reconstruire à travers les principales œuvres pratico-politiques, de l'"Essai sur le droit naturel" aux "Principes de lu philosophie du droit" - la pensée juridique hégélienne en saisissant sa spécificité à l'égard du contexte historique-culturel de l'époque. au moment où la tradition du droit naturel est affaiblie par l'apparition d'une démarche volontariste et d'une méthode historique. Tout en visant le rapport entre le droit et la philosophie de l'esprit et en soulignant la valeur du droit en tant qu'esprit objectif, cette recherche envisage de mettre en évidence les noyaux conceptuels de la philosophie hégélienne, comme par exemple le lien unissant la rationalité à la positivité, la tension entre la nature et l'histoire ou bien la relation de l'individu par rapport à l'éthicité. Notre recherche s'intéresse en particulier au statut de la raison, au rôle de la volonté et aux caractéristiques de la liberté afin d'en mettre en exergue les retombées aussi bien sur le fondement du droit que sur les droits subjectifs, La thèse a pour but de mettre en valeur la réflexion de Hegcl en tant qu'enquête sur le rapport entre idéalité. empirie et historicité. en se penchant sur la corrélation entre droit et loi et sur la connexion entre celle-ci et les coutumes, les institutions. les pratiques sociales qui appartiennent à une communauté. Ce travail montre la modernité de la pensée hégélienne qui concerne le conflit entre autonomie individuelle et ordre social. la relation intrinsèque entre droit et état, l'identification du droit comme droit positif, ainsi que le lien entre le rôle accordé au juridique et la conception du pouvoir, / The thesis I am presenting is a path that. from the " Essay on Natural Law" and through the main practical- political works. leads to Hegel's "Philosophv of Right". It aims al retracing Hegels juridical thought and understanding its peculiarity with respect to the historical context of the time when the tradition of the natural law was thrown into crisis by the birth of the voluntarist approach and the historical method. The investigation highlights some conceptual points of Hegel', philosophy such as the connection between rationality and positivity, the tension between nature and ,history and the relationship between individuals and ethical life. The aim is achieved by underlining both the relationship between right and the philosophy of spirit and the value of right as an objective spirit. The research underlines, in particular, the stature of reason, the role of will and the characteristics of freedom with respect to the basis of law and the issue regarding subjective rights. Moreover. it gives value to Hegel's reflection as an investigation on the relationship among ideality, empirics and historicity. The research also deals with the relationship between right and law and the link that the latter has with a community's set of customs, institutions and social practices. The thesis gathers the modernity of Hegel's thought starting from the conflict between individual autonomy and social order, from the relation between law and state and the identification of right with positive law, as well as from the connection between the role attributed ta the right and the conception of power,

The essay consists of five main chapters with an introduction and conclusion. This defines the limits of the essay and explains the methodology employed. These chapters are examined particularly with reference to the Spirit as the agent of fulfillment of the old, and the inaugurator of the new. 'The main text examined is Lk. 1.35. The Spirit is shown to be also used in a skillful linking and differentiation of John the Baptist and Jesus. Through a fairly detailed synoptic comparison, the peculiarly Lukan emphasis is brought to light. The Baptism is linked with 1.35 and the Transfiguration. Again both the Baptism and Temptation are shown to be seen in the light of the fulfillment of the Old Covenant. All the lines of fulfilment join together in the Spirit's descent on Jesus. The immediate result of this is the testing of his Messiahship, and Proclamation in the synagogue of Nazareth. This proclamation is coupled with the Luken rejection motif. The Spirit is seen to be especially involved in Jesus' ministries of exorcism and healing, but also in his preaching and teaching. The position of Lk 4.18-19 is seen to be of great importance. The main problem is the lack of specific reference to the Spirit. This is resolved in similar fashion to the question of the Messianic Secret. The relation of the apostles to the spirit is also discussed, since this is relevant to the ministry of the Church. Firstly the relation between the Transfiguration and Ascension is examined. This points to the fundamental centrality of the Ascension in Luke's theology. Pentecost is then seen as the fulfilling of the Ascension in the Church. Secondly, as a minor theme, the resurrection appearances are looked into and the similarities with Johannine thought are noted. This raises the question of the historicity of the Lukan schematization. In the examination of Pentecost itself the problem of the quotation from Joel and also the relation of Pentecost to the founding of the Church and the Gentile mission are raised. The Spirit is revealed to be active in two main areas : (1) the mission of the Church in evangelization - this is especialy seen in the areas of preaching, miracles and the life of the Church ; (2) the establishing and justification of the Gentile mission - this overriding concern is shown to obscure the other functions of the Spirit especially in the realm of Baptism and the Christian life of the individual. Thus Luke's historical sense is seen to be coupled with a theological desire to justify and bolster the Gentile mission. This draws out the various conclusions within the essay. The question of 'salvation-history' is raised and a solution found in terms of Luke's use of the Spirit. In broad outline the schema of Conzelmann is accepted. The Lukan eschatology is mentioned in an attempt to find a solution to questions raised by the comparison of Luke with Paul and John. This comparison is only meant to place the main conclusions of the essay within the context of the wider New Testament.

THE ROLE OF THE SPIRIT IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE WORD OF GOD This dissertation examines the role of the Spirit in the interpretation of the Word of God. Chapter 1 introduces the topic and its significance. The topic is important because it has been historically neglected, because there is a lack of consensus in evangelicalism regarding this topic, and because of the claim made by the postconservative evangelicals that the Spirit reveals beyond the Word of God. Chapter 2 begins with a historical background to the topic, and then examines the four evangelical representative views in detail. For each view, the works of two or three representatives are examined. For each theologian, a summary of his exegetical work is provided, followed by a summary of the construction of his view based on his exegesis. Chapter 3 provides the exegetical foundation for the alternative proposal for understanding the role of the Spirit in interpretation: the Comprehensively Personal Authoritative view (CPA view), which holds that the Holy Spirit comprehensively and personally guides all aspects of the interpretation of the Word of God, in which the object of interpretation is limited to the authoritative Word of God. A directed exegesis is done on each of the four sets of passages: 1 Corinthians 2:6-16; 2 Corinthians 3:16-4:6; John 14:26, 16:13; 1 John 2:18-29. Chapter 4 constructs the CPA view based on the exegetical work in Chapter 3. Chapter 5 provides a critique of the four representative evangelical views, both biblically and theologically. For each view, anticipated objections from that view toward the CPA view are addressed. Chapter 6 concludes by arguing how the CPA view is a better model in terms of its exegetical support, its internal coherence which incorporates the strengths of the other views while minimizing their weaknesses, and its ability to respond to postmodern challenges on this topic. The chapter concludes with suggestions for further exploration and a summary of the dissertation. / This dissertation was under embargo until 2014-12-14.